1,720,977 research outputs found
Boosted charge transfer preamplifier for low power Gbit-scale DRAM
No full textA new charge transfer preamplifier scheme is developed for low power and high, density DRAMs. It employs a boosting method with a MOSFET capacitor for a high voltage precharge level and a pulse control signal for a charge transfer switch. The new scheme increases the sensing margin and enhances the sensing speed under 1.5V operation with a small area overhead. It also leads to a wider design window for a charge transfer switch as the supply voltage scales down
A DNA trapping and extraction microchip using periodically crossed electrophoresis in a micropillar array
No full textThis paper presents an integrated deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) trapping and extraction microchip based on the electrophoresis using periodically crossed electric fields in the micropillar array. The extraction microchip, integrated with a micropillar array, microchannels, nano-gap entropic barriers, loading and unloading windows, has been fabricated by a 3-mask microfabrication process. Using the electric field crossed at 120 degrees, the microchip is designed to trap the DNA molecules, whose reorientation time is longer than the period of the crossed field, within the micropillars distributed at 60 degrees direction. In the fabricated extraction microchip, three different DNA molecules, including X DNA (48.5 kbp), micrococcus DNA (115 kbp) and T4 DNA (168.9 kbp) show the reorientation times of 4.80 +/- 0.44 s, 7.12 +/- 0.75 s and 9.71 +/- 0.30 s, respectively, at the crossed electric field of 6.25 V/cm. Among three DNA molecules, T4 DNA could not come out of the micropillar array for the electric field of 6.25 V/cm crossed at the period of 10 s. We have demonstrated that the present DNA extraction microchip separates DNA molecules larger than a critical value, which can be adjusted by the period of the electric field across the micropillar array. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Self-focusing chips for size-dependent DNA separation in nonuniformly distributed asymmetric electric fields
No full textTrapping and extraction of target DNA molecules using periodically crossed electrophoresis in the micropillar array
No full textA low-noise folded bit-line sensing architecture for multigigabit DRAM with ultrahigh-density 6F(2) cell
No full textThe 6F(2) cell is widely known for its small area, but its sensing is unstable due to the large array noises. A new low-noise sensing scheme for a 6F(2) DRAM cell is proposed, employing two noise reduction methods: the divided sense and combined restore scheme and the bit-line noise absorbing scheme. They can reduce word-line to bit-line as well as bit-line to bit-line coupling noises, The bit-line noise is reduced to 85% of that of a conventional scheme,vith only 0.05% area overhead, which is negligible compared to the area saving by using a 6F(2) cell. The total chip area and the sensing time can be reduced to 85 and 87%, respectively, compared to conventional DRAM, A 2 kbit DRAM test chip with a 6F(2) cell is fabricated using 256 M DRAM technology, and its stable operations are confirmed
Color indexing using chromatic invariant
No full textWe present an efficient indexing/matching algorithm that is independent of the changes in the illuminant color and the geometric conditions for 3-D object with multiple colors. The color contents of an object can be represented by the peak coordinates in the chromaticity histogram space corresponding to the distinct colors in an image. The Visible color areas and their relative sizes of the histograms may change with viewing conditions, but the coordinates of local maxima remain stable. However, a change in illumination color results in a deformation of the chromaticity distribution so as to degrade the performance of color recognition. In order to discount lighting change, we define a chromatic invariant that normalizes the chromaticities of the histogram peaks by the norm of each channel. Therefore, the normalized coordinates of the peaks are stable to the changes in illumination color, scaling, rotation, partial occlusion, viewing direction, and deformation. Test results on a database of diverse images show that the chromatic invariant yields excellent recognition rate even when the illuminant color and geometric conditions vary substantially. (C) 2001 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
W-band divide-by-3 frequency divider using 0.1 mu m InAlAs/InGaAs metamorphic HEMT technology
No full textA W-band divide-by-3 frequency divider with wide bandwidth and low power dissipation is presented using harmonic injection-locking technique. A cascode FET is employed for a self-oscillating second-harmonic mixer which is injection-locked by third-harmonic input to obtain the division order of three. The fabricated frequency divider using 0.1 mu m GaAs metamorphic HEMT technology shows superior performance such as large bandwidth of 6.1 GHz around 83.1 GHz (7.3%) under small DC power consumption of 12 mWN
Semantic categorization of digital home photo using photographic region templates
No full textIn this paper, a semantic categorization method in generic home photos is proposed. In recent years, the semantic categorization of image has been a challenge due to the proliferation of digital home photos. Our approach is to detect semantically meaningful concepts contained in a photo. The proposed method incorporates an intermediate level of concepts, called local concept, so that it catches well semantic meaning of local regions of image as bridging the semantic gap of the low-level features and high-level category concepts. To detect the local concepts from the home photo, region segmentation by photographic region template and concept merging is also proposed. The efficacy of the proposed semantic categorization method was demonstrated with 3828 general home photos. The experiment results showed the proposed categorization method would be useful to detect multiple semantic meaning of the home photos. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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