104,577 research outputs found
Spatio-temporal growth of disturbances in a boundary layer and energy based receptivity analysis
No full textIn fluid dynamical systems, it is not known a priori whether disturbances grow either in space or in time or as spatio-temporal structures. However, for boundary layers, it is customary to treat it as a spatial problem and some limited comparison between prediction and laboratory experiments exist. In the present work, the receptivity problem of a zero pressure gradient boundary layer excited by a localized harmonic source is investigated under the general spatio-temporal framework, using the Bromwich contour integral method. While this approach has been shown to be equivalent to the spatial study, for unstable systems excited by a single frequency source [T. K. Sengupta, M. Ballav, and S. Nijhawan, Phys. Fluids6, 1213 (1994)], here we additionally show, how the boundary layer behaves when it is excited (i) at a single frequency that corresponds to a stable condition (given by spatial normal-mode analysis) and (ii) by wideband frequencies, that shows the possibility of flow transition due to a spatio-temporally growing forerunner or wave front. An energy based receptivity analysis tool is also developed as an alternative to traditional instabilitytheory. Using this, we reinterpret the concept of critical layer that was originally postulated to explain the mathematical singularity of inviscid disturbance field in traditional instabilitytheory of normal modes
Gamma-delta T cells in glioblastoma immunotherapy
No full textConventional immunotherapy in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) has essentially produced no significant advantage over the use of chemotherapeutic drugs. A strongly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and lack of antigen-presenting major histocompatibility expression on tumor cells have made GBM a poor immunological target. Molecular heterogeneity of GBMs, both within the tumor and across patients, results in the immunological escape of tumors that do not express target antigens. Therefore, the development of nonconventional immunotherapy for GBM is continuously being sought. γδ T cells are a minor subset of the human T-cell repertoire with unique antitumor properties that have been shown to be functionally superior to conventional αβ T-cell receptor expressing T cell-based immunotherapy for cancer, including GBM. Unlike, the more abundant αβ T cells, γδ T cells do not require major histocompatibility proteins for activation. In addition to the γδ T-cell receptor, these cells express a plethora of other antigenic receptors that recognize external stimuli, as well as several self-peptides, which make these cells a strong candidate for the development of cancer immunotherapeutics. A higher threshold of activation-induced cell death and resistance to inducing graft-versus-host disease are also characteristics of these T cells. In this review, we discuss the biology and immunological characteristics of γδ T cells and review current research using γδ T cells in GBM immunotherapy to explore whether these cells can be the potential next-gen immunotherapeutic candidate for this dreadful disease
Spatiotemporal growing wave fronts in spatially stable boundary layers
No full textIn fluid dynamical systems, it is not known a priori whether disturbances grow either in space or in time or as spatiotemporal structures. For a zero pressure gradient boundary layer (also known as the Blasius boundary layer), it is customary to treat it as a spatial problem, and some limited comparison between prediction and laboratory experiments exist. In the present work, the two-dimensional receptivity problem of a Blasius boundary layer excited by a localized harmonic source is investigated under the general spatiotemporal framework, by using the Bromwich contour integral method. While this approach is seen to be equivalent to the spatial study for unstable systems, here we show for the first time how spatially stable systems show spatiotemporally growing wave fronts
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
A general skew-t mixed model that allows different degrees of freedom for random effects and error distributions
No full textAbstract not availablePankaj K. Choudhary, Dishari Sengupta, Phillip Casse
Protapanteles Gupta, Churi, Sengupta & Mhatre, 2014, n. sp.
No full textProtapanteles spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Plates. XV (Figs 54−57); XVI (Figs 58−60). Brief diagnosis. Mason (1981) mentioned characters separating it from Cotesia – Smoothness of propodeum and latero distal excavation of female fore tarsi as the key characters. Metasomal second tergum with median tergite, usually subtriangular, narrower in the anterior region than posterior. Propodeum with medium sculpture and rugosity (rugosity lesser in Cotesia and more in Glyptapanteles) without median longitudinal carina. Fore tarsus with apico ventral margin of apical segment excavated, with conspicuous seta. Host. Tarucus balkanicus nigra on the host plant Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (host of Protapanteles sp.01) and Tarucus callinara on the host plant Ziziphus jujube Mill. (host of Protapanteles sp.02). PLATE X. Charops obtusus obtusus Morley . Figs 35−36. 35 —Habitus. 36 — Mesosoma & first tergite (dorsally). PLATE XI. Tajuria cippus (Fabricius) . Figs 37−41. 37 —Unparasitized caterpillar. 38 —Cocoon of P. regale n. sp. with caterpillar. 39 —Cocoons of A. folia with caterpillars. 40 & 41 —Adults of T. cippus, male. PLATE XII. Brachymeria lasus (Walker) . Figs 42−47. 42 —Habitus. 43 — Anthene lycaenina (Felder) caterpillar. 44. Parasitized pupa (right) of A. lycaenina. 45 —Parasitized caterpillar of A. lycaenina. 46 & 47. Adult butterfly, A. lycaenina. PLATE XIII. Apanteles folia Nixon . Figs 48−51. 48 —Dorsal view. 49 — Mesosoma. 50 —Wings. 51 —Metasoma. PLATE XIV. Rathinda amor (Fabricius) . Figs 52−53. 52 —Caterpillars. 53 —Adult butterfly. PLATE XV. Protapanteles sp.01. Figs 54−57. 54 —Dorsal view. 55 —Wings. 56 — Mesosoma with first mediotergite. 57 —Metasoma. PLATE XVI. Figs 58−60. 58 —Cocoon of Protapanteles sp. 0 1. 59—Caterpillar of Tarucus balkanicus nigra Bethune-Baker. 60 —Adult butterfly, Tarucus b. nigra. PLATE XVII. Figs 61−64. Protapanteles sp. 0 2 . 61—Habitus. 62 —Solitary cocoon. 63 —Caterpillar of Tarucus callinara Butler. 64 —Adult butterfly mating pair of T. callinara. PLATE XVIII. Figs 65−66. Apanteles sp. 65 —Dorsal view, female. 66 —Propodeum with metasoma. 67 —Host caterpillar Jamides celeno (Cramer) with solitary Apanteles cocoon. PLATE XIX. Arhopala amantes Hewitson . Figs 67−72. 67 —Healthy caterpillars. 68 —Parasitized caterpillar. 69 —Pupa. 70. Adult butterfly. 71 —Female adult. 72 —Male adult. PLATE XX. Spindasis vulcanus (Fabricius) . Figs 73−76. 73 —Caterpillar. 74 —Parasitized caterpillar. 75 —Pupa. 76 —Adult butterfly. PLATE XXI. Ovipositors. Figs 77−80. 77 — Parapanteles eros n. sp. 78 — Parapanteles arka n. sp. 79 — Parapanteles esha n. sp. 80 — Parapanteles regale n. sp. TABLE 1. List of the Lycaenidae host species, associated parasitoids, stage of parasitism, nature of cocoon, and associated host plant. S. No. Lycaenid host species Parasitoid species Stage of Nature of Host plant parasitism Cocoon 1. Chilades pandava Parapanteles eros n. larval Solitary Cycas revoluta Thunb. (Cycadaceae) (Horsfield) sp. 2. Curetis thetis (Drury) Parapanteles arka n. Larval Gregarious Millettia (= Pongamia) pinnata sp. (L.) Panigrahi (Fabaceae) 3. Curetis thetis (Drury) Brachymeria lasus Pupal Solitary Millettia (= Pongamia) pinnata (Walker) (Fabaceae) 4. Prosotas dubiosa (Semper) Parapanteles esha n. Larval Solitary Pithecellobium dulce (Fabaceae) sp. 5. Tajuria cippus (Fabricius) Parapanteles regale Larval Solitary Loranthus sp. Jacq. (Loranthaceae) n. sp. 6. Tajuria cippus (Fabricius) Apanteles folia Larval Solitary Dendrophthoe falcata Nixon (L.f.) Ettingsh (Loranthaceae) 7. Tajuria cippus (Fabricius) Charops obtusus Pupal Solitary Loranthus sp. (Loranthaceae) obtusus Morley 8. Anthene lycaenina (Felder) Brachymeria lasus Pupal Solitary Drypetes roxburghii (Euphorbiaceae) (Walker) 9. Rathinda amor (Fabricius) Apanteles folia Larval Solitary Ixora brachiata (Rubiaceae) Nixon 10. Tarucus balkanicus nigra Protapanteles sp. 0 1 Larval Solitary Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (Rhamnaceae) Bethune-Baker (code: 25113) 11. Tarucus callinara Butler Protapanteles sp. 0 2 Larval Solitary Ziziphus jujuba (code: 10613) Mill. (Rhamnaceae) 12. Jamides celeno (Cramer) Apanteles sp. Larval Solitary Millettia (= Pongamia) pinnata (L.) Panigrahi (Fabaceae) 13. Arhopala amantes Hewitson Apanteles folia Larval Gregarious Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (Lythraceae) Nixon 14. Spindasis vulcanus Apanteles folia Larval Solitary Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (Rhamnaceae) (Fabricius) Nixon Species Parapanteles eros n. sp. Parapanteles arka Parapanteles esha n. sp. Parapanteles regale n. Parapanteles echeriae n. sp. sp. Gupta et al. Host caterpillar Chilades pandava Curetis thetis Prosotas dubiosa Tajuria cippus Abisara echeria Stoll (Horsfield) Lycaenidae (Drury) Lycaenidae (Semper) Lycaenidae (Fabricius) Lycaenidae Riodinidae Cocoon solitary gregarious solitary solitary gregarious Female body length in Angle between veins 2 Rs Number of costulae in 10 12 11 12 8 scuto-scutellar groove Antenna colour Scape, pedicel and scape distinctly antenna scape brown antenna scape brown scape brownish black, flagellum black yellowish brown in basal 1 / 3 rd, apical apically and ventrally (pedicel dark 1 / 3 rd yellow yellowish brown; pedicel brown yellow brown; flagellar segments brownish black Ratio of 1 r and 2 Rs vein 1.52 2 1 1.52 1.27 of fore wing General body colour Black Black Black Black except Black metasoma mix of yellow brown and black; first and second tergites black T 2 /T 3 (median length) 0.72 subequal 1.18 0.76 0.72 Material examined. Protapanteles sp. 0 1 —One female, INDIA, Maharashtra, Chinchoti, Naigon, 25.i. 2013, coll. Paresh V. Churi, ex. Tarucus balkanicus nigra on the host plant Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., NBAII //Bra/Prot/ sp/ 25113. Protapanteles sp. 0 2 —one female, Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur, 10.vi. 2013, coll. Ashok Sengupta, ex. Tarucus callinara Butler on the host plant Ziziphus jujube Mill., NBAII //Bra/Prot/sp/ 10613. Remarks. Both the species were different but species identity could not be ascertained as single wasps were reared from their respective hosts.Published as part of Gupta, Ankita, Churi, Paresh V., Sengupta, Ashok & Mhatre, Sarang, 2014, Lycaenidae parasitoids from peninsular India with description of four new species of microgastrine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) along with new insights on host relationships, pp. 439-470 in Zootaxa 3827 (4) on pages 455-470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/25237
Triple oxygen isotope mass balance for the Earth's oceans with application to Archean cherts
No full textThe oxygen isotope composition of the Earth's oceans is buffered by high- and low-T exchange with the lithosphere. We present a triple oxygen isotope mass balance model for the Earth's oceans. The model is based on triple oxygen isotope measurements of rocks from various reservoirs including high- and low-T alteration products. The modern ocean water composition can be well-matched if the ratio between continental weathering and high-T seafloor alteration is ~25% higher than previously assumed. The mass balance suggests that putative Precambrian low-δ18O ocean water would fall on a trend with slope λ = 0.51 passing through “modern” ice-free-world seawater. Exemplified application to a published Phanerozoic and Archean chert data suggest precipitation in cool oceans with modern-like δ18O followed by diagenetic alteration with involvement of meteoric water
High Economic Growth, Equity and Sustainable Energy Development of India
No full textIndia has been experiencing sustained high economic growth in the recentyears. However, there exists substantial amount of unacceptable poverty among the people in the country. The expressions of symptoms of such poverty include among others inadequate educational and health attainment of the people and lack of access to basic amenities like modern clean energy, safe water and sanitation which are crucial determinants of capability development. There exists in fact significant amount of energy poverty among the people, particularly in the rural India which has more than 70% share of its population, in the form of use of traditional inefficient biomass as the primary fuel with injurious health effect and the lack of connectivity of the households with electricity. The eleventh five year plan of India which has recently been initiated has taken the approach of inclusive faster growth for the development of the Indian economy. This paper analyses the implications of this high inclusive growth in respect of the twin challenges of environmental sustainability of the energy use required by such growth and the removal of energy poverty, which have to be addressed in India's energy planning. The paper defines the concept of sustainable development and points out its resource accounting implications in respect of energy related resource use. It focuses in this context on the instrumental role of the efficiency of energy use and energy supply, fuel composition and technology in determining the strength of the linkage between the GDP growth and the growth of energy use and that between the energy use and the pollution intensity of energy. The paper also defines, on the other hand, the notion of energy poverty and discusses the problem of equity and energy development in a dual society like that of India. It then reviews the past trend and pattern of energy use and the future projections of energy requirement and supply with special reference to the twin issues of equity and environmental sustainability. In this context it makes a decomposition analysis of the past energy use and CO2 emissions in India for examining its environmental sustainability and if economic reforms of India could make any impact on it. It makes further a brief review of the methodologies of projections and policy planning for the future energy sector development in India as existing in the recent literature. Finally, the paper discusses certain selected issues of energy security and macroeconomic viability of such energy development in the background of the sustained steep rise of oil prices and high cost of carbon free new technologies. It concludes by highlighting certain policy issues relating to pricing, technology and institution for the attainability of inclusive growth and particularly for meeting the gaps in such attainment that would possibly remain as per the existing alternative projections for the future. However, this paper does not pay any special attention to the climate change related global policy issues that would affect India and gives priority to the national level issues relating to energy equity and energy related environmental sustainability of Indian development.
Markov processes, time-space harmonic functions and polynomials
No full textWe consider stochastic processes (Mt)t>=0 for which the class of time-space harmonic functions is rich enough to yield the Markov property for the process. In particular, we prove that denseness for all t>=0 of in Lp([mu]t) for any p>=1, where [mu]t denotes the law of Mt, is sufficient to guarantee the Markov property. We use this to improve upon a result of [Sengupta, Arindam, 2000. Time-space harmonic polynomials martingales for continuous-time processes and an extension. Journal of Theoretical Probability 13 (4), 951-976] concerning p-harmonizability, describe two new methods for constructing time-space harmonic polynomials and apply them to get some interesting examples.
Assessment of dopaminergic neuron degeneration in a C. elegans model of Parkinson's disease
No full textTransgenic Caenorhabditis elegans that expresses the full-length wild-type human α-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons provides a well-established Parkinson's disease (PD) nematode model. Here, we present a detailed protocol to monitor and dissect the molecular underpinnings of age-associated neurodegeneration using this PD nematode model. This protocol includes preparation of nematode growth media and bacterial food sources, as well as procedures for nematode growth, synchronization, and treatment. We then describe procedures to assess dopaminergic neuronal death in vivo using fluorescence imaging. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to SenGupta et al. (2021). © 2022 The Author(s
- …
