8 research outputs found
Determinants of farmers\u27 responses to climate variability hazards in East Belesa district, Ethiopia
No full textClimate variability hazards are becoming more pronounced globally. Ethiopia being highly vulnerable due to its dependence on agriculture and natural resources. Adaptation strategies and coping mechanism are critical in reducing the adverse impacts of climate change and building resilience in these regions. This study aimed to explore farmers\u27 response to climate variability hazards and its determinants of adaptation strategies and coping mechanism at East Belesa District. The study area was purposively selected due to its vulnerability to climate variability hazards, and one hundred thirty-three households were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0, employing descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models. This study identifies and analyzes critical environmental stressors affecting agricultural systems, with a focus on climate-related hazards. The most prevalent stressor, drought (91.72%), is a major contributor to food insecurity. Flooding (69.92%), snow/hailstorms (90.22%), and frost (67.66%) are also significant stressors that affect crop production through soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and direct physical damage. Dry winds (85.71%) exacerbate erosion and crop desiccation, while crop disorders (75.93%) are increasingly linked to pests, diseases, and erratic weather patterns. Widespread erosion (87.21%), often resulting from heavy rainfall or flooding, further degrades soil health. The findings reveal that older, more experienced farmers with larger farms are more likely to engage in traditional practices like fallowing and planting Acacia species. Education, extension services, and credit access are key drivers of adaptive capacity, enhancing the likelihood of adopting sustainable farming practices. Off-farm coping strategies, including remittances and migration, are influenced by factors such as age and farm size, with younger farmers more likely to migrate. These results show the need for targeted interventions that combine both traditional and modern knowledge, to enhance climate resilience in farming communities
Farmers' perceptions of climate change and variability and determinants of adaptation strategies and coping mechanism in Ethiopia
No full textClimate change and variability are significantly affecting the Ethiopian agricultural sector, which serves as the backbone of the country's economy. The implementation of adaptation strategies and coping mechanisms is influenced by various factors, which are site-specific. Thus, this study aimed to explore farmers' perceptions of climate change and variability and the determinants of adaptation strategies and coping mechanisms in Ethiopia. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 133 farming households. The results revealed that farmers' perceptions of local indicators, such as temperature changes and rainfall patterns, underscore the diverse and impactful nature of climate variations on their experiences. The multivariate probit model output showed that the determinants of farmers' responses to climate variability, such as age, family size, educational status, sources of income, types of farming, farming experience, farm size, access to extension services, and availability of seasonal information, were significantly affected (p < 0.01). The impact of education, family size, farming experience, and income sources varies across various facets of agricultural practices, emphasizing the nuanced dynamics of coping mechanisms. Policymakers and agricultural practitioners seeking to develop effective strategies need to consider diverse needs and challenges faced by farmers in adapting to climate variability. Promoting education and improving access to extension services are critical components of successful adaptation strategies and coping mechanisms. 
Book Review: Wildlife ecology and conservation
No full textBook Title: Wildlife ecology and conservationBook Author: Mundanthra BalakrishnanPublished by Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur/New Delhi (Published in May 2016) ISBN: 978-81-7233-974-
Promoting a culture of quality assurance at the Economic Commission for Africa: 2018–2019 biennial report
No full textPromoting a culture of quality assurance at the Economic Commission for Africa 2018–2019 biennial report. The present report was prepared under the overall coordination and substantive guidance of Demba Diarra, Chief of Strategic Planning, Oversight and Results Division-Standards and Quality Assurance Section. The lead author was Hodane Youssouf, Economic Affairs Officer, with substantive contributions from: Afework Temtime, Programme Management Officer; Katherina Goetze, Associate Programme Management Officer; and Getachew Rorisa, Senior Programme Management Assistant. The present report also benefited from the technical assistance provided by Teklu Leul, Senior Information Systems Assistant, in rolling out the online survey, which enabled us to amass valuable contributions, comments and suggestions from the survey respondents. A special mention goes to the ECA Publications and Conference Management Section for their editing, translation and design assistance. The reorganization of quality assurance panels and compliance with quality assurance procedures have led to a more systematic delivery of ECA products and services and have enhanced the robustness of ECA outputs
Policies and Program Implementation Experience to Improve Maternal Nutrition in Ethiopia
No full textBACKGROUND:
Maternal undernutrition persists as a serious problem in Ethiopia. Although there are maternal nutrition interventions that are efficacious and effective in improving maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) outcomes, implementation has been limited.
OBJECTIVE:
This study explored needs, perceptions, priorities,facilitatingfactors and barriers to implementation of relevant policies and programs to find opportunities to improve maternal nutrition in Ethiopia
METHODS:
Background information was compiled and synthesized for a situation analysis. This informed focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with mothers, community leaders, health workers, and district health officials in four woredas (districts) in Tigray and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region.
RESULTS:
Findings focused on three priority issues: maternal anemia, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and maternal thinness and stunting. Community-level investigations found that women's low status, food insecurity and poverty, and workload were key factors perceived to contribute to women's undernutrition. Awareness of and demand for services to improve women's nutrition were low, except for high demand for supplementary food. On the supply side, barriers included low prioritization of maternal nutrition in health and nutrition service delivery and weak technical capacity to deliver context-sensitive maternal nutrition interventions at all levels.
CONCLUSIONS:
Community-based health and nutrition services were promising platforms for expanding access to interventions such as micronutrient supplements and social and behavior change communication. Investments are needed to support these community-based programs, including training, supplies, supervision and monitoring. To address IUGR at scale, increased access to cash or food transfers could be explored
Accuracy of assessment of eligibility for early medical abortion by community health workers in Ethiopia, India and South Africa
No full textTo assess the accuracy of assessment of eligibility for early medical abortion by community health workers using a simple checklist toolkit.; Diagnostic accuracy study.; Ethiopia, India and South Africa.; Two hundred seventeen women in Ethiopia, 258 in India and 236 in South Africa were enrolled into the study. A checklist toolkit to determine eligibility for early medical abortion was validated by comparing results of clinician and community health worker assessment of eligibility using the checklist toolkit with the reference standard exam.; Accuracy was over 90% and the negative likelihood ratio <0.1 at all three sites when used by clinician assessors. Positive likelihood ratios were 4.3 in Ethiopia, 5.8 in India and 6.3 in South Africa. When used by community health workers the overall accuracy of the toolkit was 92% in Ethiopia, 80% in India and 77% in South Africa negative likelihood ratios were 0.08 in Ethiopia, 0.25 in India and 0.22 in South Africa and positive likelihood ratios were 5.9 in Ethiopia and 2.0 in India and South Africa.; The checklist toolkit, as used by clinicians, was excellent at ruling out participants who were not eligible, and moderately effective at ruling in participants who were eligible for medical abortion. Results were promising when used by community health workers particularly in Ethiopia where they had more prior experience with use of diagnostic aids and longer professional training. The checklist toolkit assessments resulted in some participants being wrongly assessed as eligible for medical abortion which is an area of concern. Further research is needed to streamline the components of the tool, explore optimal duration and content of training for community health workers, and test feasibility and acceptability
Social protection, rural development and the role of public administration in Ethiopia: an examination of the potential for developing employment generation schemes
No full textOver fifty per cent of the population of Ethiopia live below the poverty line and are therefore food insecure. Increasingly viewed as an important component of poverty reduction, social protection policies, such as the promotion of labour intensive public works, can serve as a springboard for pro-poor growth and a foundation for social risk management. The research assesses the Ethiopian Employment Generation Scheme (EGS) in the context of Amhara and Tigrai regional states through comparative research into Maharashtran experience. The aim of the research is to assess the implementation of EGS programmes against the objectives of the national policy and to examine the role of public administration in delivering social protection through EGS thereby reducing poverty levels by supporting sustainable rural livelihoods. The national policy seeks to effectively harness a potential 150 million labour days on the basis of existing relief resources alone thereby creating livelihood assets. However, social protection is often considered to be a high cost, low returns component of democratic governance. Experience highlights poor performance in planning and implementation. Reforms must be based on informed and applied study of the areas explored in the research: policy frameworks; implementation; organisational responsibilities; programme efficiency, effectiveness and relevance; short and long term impact; and. sustainability. Such research necessitates a sensitive combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Research findings show that the national policy provides an appropriate pro-poor framework for employment provision and asset creation while essential supportive measures have been neglected. Grassroots administrations remain incapacitated and central support for reform is often lacking. The research establishes a clear set of conclusions and recommendations for reform acknowledging the requirement for a decentralised, demand driven approach to policy design and expenditure management which promotes the comparative advantage of the poor and mainstreams EGS into other strategies for poverty reduction
Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textChronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly.
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