117,333 research outputs found
Cantine sociali e vitivinicoltori in Abruzzo. Un’analisi delle strategie di produzione, trasformazione e commercializzazione
No full textActivity of Italian natural chabasite-rich zeolitites against grey mould, sour rot and grapevine moth, and effects on grape and wine composition
No full textSummary. The activity of Italian chabasite-rich zeolitites for control of grey mould,
sour rot and grapevine moth was compared to that from synthetic fungicides and
insecticides in three vineyards in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Persistence of zeolitites
on grapevine canopies has enabled applications to be carried out before rainfall events,
which are likely to predispose for infections by grey mould and sour rot pathogens.
Applications for control of Lobesia botrana (grapevine moth) were carried out after the
peak of the male flight, and the presence of eggs on grape berries was also assessed.
Disease and pest control were very satisfactory and comparable to those obtained from
synthetic fungicides and insecticides. In addition, there were no differences among
treatments for yield, berry composition, or wine ethyl alcohol, pH and total acidity.
Phenolic compounds increased in wine from zeolitite-treated plants where the treatment
was carried out within 15 days from grape harvest. These promising results have
strategic value, because zeolitites provided simultaneous control of grey mould, sour
rot and L. botrana. However, since these compounds have been tested for the first time
for the control of diseases and L. botrana, the results obtained in this study require
further validation
Nutritional status of vines afected with esca proper
No full textA vineyard of the cv. Trebbiano d’Abruzzo located in Abruzzo, Italy, was monitored for more than ten years to distinguish healthy vines not only from vines with the visual leaf symptoms of esca, but also from those vines that were esca-infected but did not produce any visual symptoms for one or more growing seasons. In the period 2004–2006, leaves and berries were collected at four phenological growth stages from three groups of vines: healthy vines, infected vines showing esca symptoms, and infected vines that did not show symptoms. The macro and micro-elements of the leaves and berries, and the quality parameters of the must were determined. Esca did not seem to affect nutrient uptake in the vines. Nevertheless there were some differences in the nutrient levels of the leaves between healthy and diseased vines consistent with the degradation of the leaf blade caused by esca. Berries from symptomatic vines were less ripe at the time of harvesting and therefore had higher levels of mineral elements. These berries also had higher levels of nitrogen, which are thought to be associated with the defence response of diseased vines to esca, as are higher levels of iron in the leaves of diseased vines. The study confirmed earlier findings that fruit composition did not differ greatly between healthy and diseased-but-asymptomatic vines. In the three-year study period there were differences in the incidence of leaf symptoms and differences in nutrient levels attributable to fertiliser applications and rainfall. These differences suggested that the amount of mineral nutrients affected the onset of esca symptoms: a higher availability of nutrients in a growing season increased the proportion of diseased vines with symptoms and lowered the proportion of diseased vines without symptoms, whereas in a growing season with the lower levels of water and potassium, the yield was reduced, but this was accompanied by an increase in the proportion of diseased vines without symptoms. It is suggested that a higher availability of nutrients for diseased vines lowers the resistance of these vines and, by improving the nutrition not only of the vines themselves but also of the esca fungi, increase fungal virulence, as a result of which there is a greater incidence of diseased vines showing leaf symptoms
Effect of Different Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Esca Disease of Grapevine: Symptom Expression and Nutrient Content in the Leaf and Composition of the Berry
No full textEsca disease, the most common grapevine wood disease in Europe, causes yield losses correlated with the foliar symptoms’ expression. In two vineyards located in the Abruzzo Region of Italy, each of which were investigated for esca symptoms after 1994, different applications of macro- and microelements were performed in two consecutive growing seasons. The main aim of the work consisted of verifying the effects of the fertilizer applications on the foliar symptoms’ expression, in order to deepen knowledge of the nature of the symptom, which is still unclear. For each treatment, in each year, the leaf content of macro- and microelements and the composition of berries and musts were assessed. The effects of these applications on vegetative growth and yield quantity were also verified. The trials were carried out on symptomatic, asymptomatic and
apparently healthy vines. All applications, in particular those with microelements, increased the foliar symptoms’ expression, and a greater vegetative growth was detected only in vines treated with NPK fertilizers. The symptoms’ increase was always associated in the leaf with a decrease of calcium, and to a lesser extent, magnesium, reinforcing the hypothesis of the plant’s hypersensitive reaction in the development of foliar symptoms, given the role of calcium in the defense response. The vineyards were in nutritional balance regardless of the fertilizer applications. The general increase in foliar symptoms and the decrease in sugars in the musts of asymptomatic treated vines underlined the importance of the vegetative-productive balance, in Esca infected vineyards especially, in order to limit the symptoms’ expression and the decrease in yield
SULL'UTILIZZAZIONE AGRONOMICA DELLE ACQUE DI VEGETAZIONE DEI FRANTOI: RISULTATI SPERIMENTALI SU COLTURE ARBOREE
No full textL'utilizzazione in agricoltura di alcuni rifiuti/sottoprodotti industriali ed urbani rappresenta una forma particolare di recupero e di riciclo nella produzione e nel consumo delle merci. Per essere praticabile è necessario soddisfare due esigenze: non può in alcun modo pregiudicare l'ambiente e deve risultare di concreta utilità per l'agricoltura. Per quanto riguarda il primo punto, la normativa vigente appare molto rigida. La valutazione del secondo punto, ovvero dell'utilità in agricoltura, appare meno immediata dal momento che questa si può realizzare in più momenti dell'attività produttiva ed in termini quali-quantitativi diversi nel tempo
Application of kaolin and italian natural chabasite-rich zeolitite to mitigate the effect of global warming in vitis vinifera l. Cv. sangiovese
No full textHigh temperatures and the anomalous distribution of rainfall during the growing season may have a negative impact on grapevine yield and berry composition. In recent years, many studies have focused on the application of agronomical techniques to reduce the negative impact of heat waves on secondary metabolites such as phenols. In particular, treatments with kaolin have shown positive effects on reducing canopy temperatures, enhancing the accumulation of anthocyanins. In regard to the above, three treatments were evaluated: untreated control (C), kaolin (CAO), and chabasite-rich zeolitites (ZEO) applications on cv. Sangiovese in order to verify the cooling effects on leaves and bunches, and the impact on gas exchange, yield parameters, berry composition, and on both chemical and sensory notes of wine. Minerals were sprayed twice around the veraison on the entire canopy at a 3% concentration. The results showed that the application of the minerals was able to reduce the berry temperatures in both years of the trial as compared to the untreated control (C), without affecting vine gas exchange, yield, and soluble solid accumulation. Furthermore, the cooling effect determined an increase in anthocyanin on both the grapes and the wine. At testing, CAO and ZEO wines stood out regarding greater color intensity and were preferred by the judges
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