313 research outputs found
La mécanique freudienne du deuil dans À présent et Vivre Vite de Brigitte Giraud
No full textThis study explores the Freudian mechanics of mourning as depicted in Brigitte Giraud's A Present and Vivre Vite. The hypothesis posits that these two works, separated by twenty years, illustrate the evolution of mourning through a chronological examination of À présent (2001) and Vivre Vite (2022). The methodology focuses on the concepts of temporality, hallucinations, and melancholia, analyzing how these themes shift between the two narratives. The conclusion argues that Giraud's use of temporal shifts, hallucinations, and melancholic reflections in both books demonstrates the universality of Freud's mourning concept while highlighting its unique individual expressions. Notably, the shift from intense emotional expression in À présent to a more introspective approach in Vivre Vite reflects the author's own personal journey with loss and the passage of time. The study suggests that Giraud's skillful use of language serves as a vital tool for both personal healing and for capturing the collective human experience of loss and resilience
The Political Economy of Textbook Writing: Paul Samuelson and the making of the first ten Editions of Economics (1945-1976)
No full textOver the past two decades, numerous contributions to the history of economics have tried to assess Paul Samuelson’s political positioning by tracing it in the subsequent editions of his famous textbook Economics. This literature, however, has provided no consensus about the location of Samuelson’s political ideas. While some authors believe that Samuelson has always had inclinations toward interventionism, others conclude that he more often acted as a pro-business advocate. The purpose of this paper is not to argue for one of these two interpretations but to depict the making of Economics itself as a political process. By ‘political’ it is not meant the conduct of party politics but the many political elements that a textbook author has to take into account if he wants to be published and favorably received. I argue that the “middle of the road” stance that Samuelson adopted in the book was consciously constructed by the MIT economist, with the help of his home institution and his publishing company, McGraw-Hill, to ensure both academic freedom and the success of the book. The reason for which the stance developed is related to pre-McCarthyist right-wing criticisms of the textbook and how Samuelson and the MIT department had to endure the pressures from members of the Corporation (MIT’s Board of Trustees), who tried to prevent the publication of the textbook and threatened Samuelson’s tenure at MIT as soon as 1947 – when early manuscripts were circulated. As a result, it was decided in accordance with both the Corporation and McGraw-Hill that the Readings volume would be published to balance conflicting ideas about state intervention. Following these early criticisms, the making of the subsequent editions relied on a network of instructors and referees all over the US in order to make it as successful and consensual as possible. This seemed to work quite well in the 1950s and for a good portion of the 1960s, until Economics became victim of its own success and was seen, in an ironical twist of fate, as a right wing text by younger, radical economists. From now on, Samuelson will try to have his book sent as often as possible to the radicals for referring process, with mixed results. Eventually, the book became criticized from both its left and its right.Paul Samuelson, Economics, Textbook, Politics, Economic Education
La Steuerungstheorie : une approche synthétique de l'action publique contemporaine
No full textSteuerungstheorie. An attempt of synthesis in contemporary policy research
Olivier Giraud
This article is an introduction into the "regulation theory" recently developed in the German speaking political science, echoing the systemic debate in sociology. The author presents the research agenda of this framework and gives, in some more details, an overview of its theoretical grounds - the actor centred institutionalism. The article goes on with the presentation of a few research results and mentions some limits of the approach as a conclusion.La Steuerungstheorie. Une approche synthétique de l'action publique contemporaine
Olivier Giraud
Cet article est une introduction aux « théories de la régulation » développées récemment dans le champ allemand de la science politique, en écho notamment aux débats en sociologie systématique. L'auteur présente le programme de recherche développé dans le cadre de cette approche, insiste plus particulièrement sur son fondement théorique - l'institutionnalisme centré sur les acteurs -, avant d'apporter quelques illustrations de résultats de recherche et de mettre en évidence certaines de ses limites.Giraud Olivier. La Steuerungstheorie. Une approche synthétique de l'action publique contemporaine. In: Politix, vol. 14, n°55, Troisième trimestre 2001. Analyses politiques allemandes, sous la direction de Fabien Jobard et Pascale Laborier. pp. 85-93
3-D geological and petrophysical models with synthetic geophysics based on data from the Hamersley region (Western Australia)
No full text3-D geological and petrophysical models with synthetic geophysics based on data from the Hamersley region (Western Australia)
M. Jessell 1,2, J. Giraud 1,2, M. Lindsay 1,2
1 Centre for Exploration Targeting (School of Earth Sciences), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Australia
2 Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre, School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, WA Crawley 6009, Australia
Contact author: Jeremie Giraud ([email protected])
Companion dataset to the paper:
Structural, petrophysical and geological constraints in potential field inversion using the Tomofast-x open-source code, J. Giraud, V. Ogarko, R. Martin, M. Lindsay, M. Jessell, Geoscientific Model Development Discussions.
This dataset contains models and data shown in the paper, in both 2D and 3D:
1. Geological model
Reference lithology voxet:
The reference geological model was obtained using public data from the Geological Survey of Western Australia and modified subsequently (stretched vertically and flattened at surface level) for the purpose of this study.
Probability voxet
The lithology probability voxet was derived using Monte Carlo simulations for uncertainty estimation as mentioned in the paper.
2. True and inverted models for density and magnetic susceptibility
Derivation is detailed in the paper; it uses fictitious density and magnetic susceptibility values.
3. Bouguer and total magnetic field anomaly
Calculation is detailed in the paper.
The authors are supported, in part, by Loop – Enabling Stochastic 3D Geological Modelling (LP170100985) and the Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre (MinEx CRC) whose activities are funded by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centre Program. This is MinEx CRC Document 2021/3. Mark Lindsay acknowledges funding from the ARC and DECRA DE190100431.
It is a companion dataset to:
Vitaliy Ogarko, Jeremie Giraud, & Roland. (2021, February 5). Tomofast-x v1.0 source code (Version 1.0). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.445262
Impact of shunt on the transpulmonary thermodilution curve
No full textAuthors reply to : Nusmeier A, van der Hoeven JG, Lemson J. Interpretation of the transpulmonary thermodilution curve in the presence of a left-to-right shunt. Intensive Care Med. 2011 Mar;37(3):550-1; author reply 552-3. doi: 10.1007/s00134-010-2107-y. Epub 2010 Dec 9. PMID: 21152893; PMCID: PMC3042116, which is a comment on : Giraud R, Siegenthaler N, Park C, Beutler S, Bendjelid K. Transpulmonary thermodilution curves for detection of shunt. Intensive Care Med. 2010 Jun;36(6):1083-6. doi: 10.1007/s00134-010-1876-7. Epub 2010 Apr 16. PMID: 20397008. https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:26445</a
Le système dual passe à l'Est
No full textOlivier Giraud, Das duale Berufsausbildungssystem gelangt in den Osten.
Der innerdeutsche Prozeß der Wiedervereinigung führte zu einem allgemeinen Transfert westdeutscher Einrichtungen in den wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und politischen Kontext der neuen Länder, Erben der ehemaligen DDR. Anstatt die institutionellen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen dieses Transferts im Detail zu beschreiben, untersucht dieser Beitrag die reelle Veränderung der beruflichen Ausbildung im Osten Deutschlands auf der Ebene des regionalen Arbeitsmarkts eines ehemaligen Eisen- und Stahlkombinats, welches erst kürzlich privatisiert wurde. Dabei analysiert der Verfasser dieses Beitrags zuerst das Funktionieren der beruflichen Ausbildung zu Zeiten der ehemaligen DDR ebenso in dem Hauptuntemehmen der Region als auch in dem betroffenen Arbeitsmarkt. Anschließend werden die Funktionen untersucht, die die berufliche Ausbildung im Rahmen eines Wirtschoftssystems sowjetischen Typs
ausübte. Die seit dem Fall der Mauer durch deutsche Institutionen eingeführte duale Berufsausbildung stellt die Berufsausbildung in
eine Arbeitsdynamik. Diese Studie verfolgt die Entwicklung auf diesem Sektor im Eisen- und Stahlindustriegebiet Eisenhütten. dem betroffenen Arbeitsmarkt. Anschließend werden die
Funktionen untersucht, die die berufliche Ausbildung im
Rahmen eines Wirtschoftssystems sowjetischen Typs
ausübte. Die seit dem Fall der Mauer durch deutsche Institutionen eingeführte duale Berufsausbildung stellt die Berufsausbildung in eine Arbeitsdynamik. Diese Studie verfolgt die Entwicklung auf diesem Sektor im Eisen- und Stahlindustriegebiet Eisenhütten.Olivier Giraud, The dual system goes East.
The process of German reunification has led to the West German institutions being transplanted en bloc to the quite different economic, social and political context of the new "Länder" in what was formerly the German Federal Republic. Rather than examining in detail the institutional and political conditions under which the transfer of the institutions responsible for vocational training has taken place, the author examines what changes have actually occurred in vocational training in eastern Germany, focusing on a pool of employment including a former steel-manufacturing combine which was recently privatized. First the author examines how vocational training was organized at the time of the Democratic Republic, both at the main firm in the region and on the corresponding labour market. He goes on to describe what the main goals of vocational training were in the framework of an economy subscribing to the Soviet model.
Since the Wall was demolished, the dual system introduced by the German institutions has given vocational training a role to play in the overall market dynamics. The developments which have taken place in this sector in the case of the steel-manufacturing complex of Eisenhüttenstadt are examined.Le processus interallemand de réunification s'est traduit par un transfert généralisé des institutions ouest-allemandes dans le contexte économique, social ou politique des nouveaux Länder, héritiers de la RDA. Plutôt que de détailler les conditions institutionnelles et politiques du transfert des institutions de la formation professionnelle, l'article examine la réalité du changement de la formation professionnelle à l'est de l'Allemagne, à l'échelle d'un bassin d'emploi et d'un ancien combinat sidérurgique, récemment privatisé. L'auteur analyse en premier lieu le fonctionnement de la formation professionnelle au temps de la RDA aussi bien dans l'entreprise dominante de la région que dans le marché du travail concerné. Il examine ensuite les fonctions que remplissait la formation professionnelle dans le cadre d'une économie de type soviétique.
Depuis la chute du mur, l'introduction du système dual par les institutions allemandes place la formation professionnelle dans une dynamique de marché. Cette étude suit l'évolution de ce secteur dans le bassin sidérurgique d'Eisenhüttenstadt.Giraud Olivier. Le système dual passe à l'Est. In: Formation Emploi. N.50, 1995. pp. 89-103
“Product-country images in the arts: a multi-country study” (co-author .), International Marketing Review ”
No full textPurpose -- The country-of-origin literature has focused mainly on tangible products and has neglected largely intangible services and products such as the arts. The objective of this study is to examine the impact that country of origin may have on consumer perceptions of artistic and cultural products and to explore the variables that explain how consumers form their perceptions of countries as producers of cultural products.
Design/methodology/approach -- A survey was conducted among adult consumers in Australia, Canada, Italy, Switzerland, and the U.S. that assessed participants’ perceptions of sixteen countries with respect to their reputation for nine cultural products.
Findings -- The results indicate that product-country images in the arts are affected by country and product familiarity as well as consumers’ openness to foreign cultures and home country bias. Countries more proximate to the participants’ home country were also better evaluated, especially when the proximity factor played a significant role in the consumption of cultural products.
Research limitations/implications – While almost all of the hypotheses were supported, additional research is needed to examine the cultural products of non-Western and emerging markets as well as product-country perceptions in these markets.
Originality/value – This study extends our understanding of country-of-origin effects in the context of aesthetic, intangible, and complex products that elicit both cognitive and affective responses. It demonstrates that familiarity with a country of origin has a stronger association with positive perceptions of product-country reputation than does product familiarity, and that openness to foreign cultures, home country bias, and proximity have a positive effect on product-country evaluations
Stromal fibroblasts in digestive cancer
No full textThe normal gastrointestinal stroma consists of extra-cellular matrix and a community of stromal cells including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, endothelium and inflammatory cells. α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive stromal fibroblasts, often referred to as myofibroblasts or activated fibroblasts, are critical in the development of digestive cancer and help to create an environment that is permissive of tumor growth, angiogenesis and invasion. This review focusses on the contribution of activated fibroblasts in carcinogenesis and where possible directly applies this to, and draws on examples from, gastrointestinal cancer. In particular, the review expands on the definition, types and origins of activated fibroblasts. It examines the molecular biology of stromal fibroblasts and their contribution to the peritumoral microenvironment and concludes by exploring some of the potential clinical applications of this exciting branch of cancer research. Understanding the origin and biology of activated fibroblasts will help in the development of an integrated epithelial-stromal sequence to cancer that will ultimately inform cancer pathogenesis, natural history and future therapeutics. © 2010 The Author(s).Daniel L. Worthley, Andrew S. Giraud, Timothy C. Wan
Constraint-Driven Deep Learning for N-k Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow
No full textThe transition to green energy is reshaping the energy landscape, marked by increased integration of renewable energy sources, distributed resources, and the electrification of other energy sectors. These changes challenge grid security, particularly regarding the N-1 security criterion, a crucial factor in preventing blackouts. Furthermore, climate change is contributing to the growing frequency of extreme weather events, which constitute the second major cause of blackouts. As grid complexity keeps on increasing, the need for N-k security, where k lines fail simultaneously, and increased resilience against extreme weather events is becoming increasingly evident. This necessitates studying the security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) problem considering multiple line outages (N-k). Current methods exhibit poor scalability as k increases. In response to the challenge of limited scalability, this thesis proposes a constraint-driven machine learning approach to approximate N-k SCOPFs. The proposed approach relies on the linearized direct current optimal power flow. The approach utilizes a neural network to map power system loads to generator setpoints. A feasibility restoration layer is employed to restore base case infeasible predictions. By incorporating line outage distribution factors (LODFs), all post-contingency flows are computed. The loss function utilized to train the neural network draws inspiration from the penalty function method. Lastly, a copula analysis computes joint outage probabilities for k \textgreater 1 enabling a probabilistic security assessment. The first academic contribution of this thesis is the development of a constraint-driven approach to approximate N-k SCOPFs considering all contingencies using LODFs. The second academic contribution is the formulation of a N-k risk based security criterion, providing an alternative to the current deterministic N-1 security criterion.The approach shows promise in its ability to scale effectively to N-k contingencies. Using LODFs, the approach effectively computes all post-contingency flows for up to k = 3. Moreover, case studies show the constraint-driven approach's effectiveness in identifying violating post-contingency cases, with up to 173 speedups and close to optimal dispatch costs. However, the consideration of N-k contingencies holds combinatorial complexity, and more efficient methods need to be developed for the computation and storage of all LODFs, and for the computation of all post-contingency flows. Additionally, the proposed constraint-driven approach can not enforce any post-contingency constraints, necessitating post-contingency feasibility checks when security against specific contingencies is required. Next, by incorporating probabilities, the approach shows promise in improving power systems security and resilience, but further research is necessary.In this thesis, only line outages are considered. In the future, the approach could be modified to additionally account for other equipment outages (e.g. generator outages). Furthermore, future research could investigate the adoption of this approach in corrective control settings, where it is employed in the restorative phase of a contingency event. Another suggestion is centered around the incorporation of graph neural networks in the proposed approach, which could provide a more scalable alternative to fully connected linear neural networks. Furthermore, more scalable methodologies could be explored to construct the matrix containing all LODFs, and a more scalable methodology for computing all post-contingency flows could be developed. Finally, future work could investigate how to utilize the proposed approach under varying conditions like network topology changes or changing outage probabilities.Double degree in Electrical Engineering and Wind Engineering.European Wind Energy Masters (EWEM)Aerospace EngineeringElectrical Engineerin
Imperfect competition in the fresh tomato industry
No full textIn this paper, we analyse the market power of the retail industry in the French tomato market. Following the methods developed in the New Empirical Industrial Organization, we develop a structural model of this industry. The analysis is based on detailed data on final consumption and prices at both shipper and consumer levels for two types of tomatoes in France. The structural model is composed of a system of demand equations, supply equations and pricing equations which include terms which capture the oligopoly and oligopsony power of the retail sector. We show that i) elasticity of demand varies during the year ii) the retail sector exercise only a ‘moderate’ market power iii) the exercise of market power decreases over time iv) If markets were competitive, in the case of tomato ‘ronde’ retail price would decrease by about 1.2% to 4.5% depending on the year; v) In absence of market power, shipping price might be 6% to 24% higher than observed. We find higher distortions in the case of tomato ‘grappe’. We also find that the distortions tend to decrease over time. We conclude to a moderate exercise of market power of the retail sector in the French tomato market.Oligopoly, Oligopsony, Fresh products, Industrial Organization,
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