305 research outputs found
Johann Georg Trautmann u Strossmayerovoj galeriji
No full textDuring analysis of the painting »A Woman Lighting a Candle«, attributed to Godfried Schalcken, donated to the Strossmayer Gallery by Ante Topić Mimara in 1967, an original signature was discovered leading to the conclusion that its real author is Johann Georg Trautmann (1713-1769). This painter worked in Frankufrt, painting in the manner of the late Dutch tradition. J. W. Goethe wrote Of him: »Trautmann created several wonderful, Rembrandt-like Resurrections from the New T estament . . . « There is mention of several of Trautmann's contemporaries, painters with the same tenebrist expression who skillfully applied the effects of artificial light (candles, open fire, lamp).Analizirajući sliku »Žena pali svijeću«, koju je Strossmayerovoj galeriji poklonio Ante Topić Mimara (1967) kao djelo Godfrieda Schalckena, autor je otkrio originalnu signaturu u formi monograma, na temelju čega je nedvojbeno utvrdio da je pravi autor slike Johann Georg Trautmann (1713-1769). Slikar je djelovao u Frankfurtu, slikajući u maniri kasne nizozemske tradicije. O njemu je svjedočanstvo ostavio J . W. Goethe, ističući među ostalim: »Trautmann je rembrandizirao nekoliko čudesnih uskrsnuća iz Novog zavjeta . . . « Autor navodi podatke o Trautmannovim kolegama slikarima koji njeguju jednak tenebrozni način izražavanja i vješto barataju efektima umjetne rasvjete (svijeće, kandila, vatre iz ognjišta pa i stvarnog požara)
Exact G-functions for various leaf normal distribution functions applied to analytical two-stream radiative transport in turbid vegetation media
No full textIn the radiative transfer theory for turbid vegetation media one defines leaf normal distribution (LND) functions to describe the orientation of the model leaves’ normal
vectors. For simulation purposes, standard LNDs are frequently assumed, e.g. based on measurements, which have to fulfil a normalisation condition. Unfortunately, the literature reveals various discrepancies with respect to the proper definition of normalised LNDs. So-called G-functions are derived from the LNDs, and thus they are an important part of the radiative transfer equation for turbid vegetation media. Up to now, analytical G-functions have been derived for the most simple LND cases, only. We will revisit the normalisation problem and present an extended set of analytical expressions of G-functions for the most commonly used LNDs, which are then compared to approximations in literature. Moreover, these considerations allow us to extend the two-stream theory in a stringent analytical manner to various LND scenarios ranging from purely horizontal to purely vertical model leaves. Finally, we applied these very fast radiative transfer schemes to simulate canopy reflectances and transmittances as a function of the ratio of direct and diffuse light impinging on the vegetation medium at its upper boundary
Innere Differenzierung als (unterschätzte) pädagogische Herausforderung. Zu den Grenzen einer Reformstrategie
No full textWischer B, Trautmann M. Innere Differenzierung als (unterschätzte) pädagogische Herausforderung. Zu den Grenzen einer Reformstrategie. In: Boller S, Lau R, eds. Innere Differenzierung in der Sekundarstufe II. Ein Praxishandbuch für Lehrer/innen. Pädagogik. Weinheim: Beltz; 2010: 158-166
Radiative transfer modelling in inhomogeneous clouds by means of the MonteCarlo method
No full textThe Monte Carlo (MC) method is an effective approach to simulate the radiative transfer in an inhomogeneous cloudy atmosphere. It is based on the direct physical simulation of the extinction processes that solar and thermal photons incur when traveling through the atmosphere. A detailed description of the MC method is presented in the second chapter. A new three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer model, based on a pre-existing model (Trautmann et al. [1999]), has been developed. Some outstanding characteristics of this model are discussed in chapter 3. Several simulations of reflectances, transmittances, absorptances and horizontal flux densities have been performed, the results of which have been compared with worldwide accepted codes (chapter 4). The two cases selected for the radiative transfer computations were taken from the Intercomparison of 3D Radiation Codes (I3RC) project: an ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurements) reconstructed cloud and a 3D marine boundary layer cloud
Supplementary materials to "Qualitative approximations to causality: Non-randomizable factors in clinical psychology"
No full textSupplementary materials to: Höfler, M., Trautmann, S., & Kanske, P. (2021). Qualitative approximations to causality: Non-randomizable factors in clinical psychology. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 3(2), Article e3873. https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873The supplement provides additions to the paper, namely other sources of bias than confounding, and futher popular approaches to causality besides those from the new toolbox and Granger causality. Besides, it addresses the example of the effect of childhood trauma (factor X = CT) on depression (outcome Y = DE) using a DAG (directed acyclic graph) model on common causes and subsequent study design and data analysis the model gives rise to
J. S. Bach: New Light on His Faith
No full textThe author relates the history of the Calov Bible that Johann Sebastian Bach had acquired at age 48 (now in the Concordia Seminary Library, St. Louis) and indicates the significance of the numerous marginal annotations Bach inscribed in that Bible. The article is taken from Musik und, Kirche, vol. 39, no. 4 (1969), with the permission of the Bȁrenreiter-Verlag, Karl Vőtterle KG. The translation was provided by Hilton Oswald, editor at Concordia Publishing House
Major factors influencing local dust radiative forcing
No full textIn conclusion, it is shown in this paper that surface albedo variations over desert regions can have a significant influence on the solar and net radiative forcing of desert dust. It is furthermore concluded that desert dust has mostly a cooling effect over oceans, and a warming effect over highly reflecting desert regions. The widespread non-sphericity of the dust particles causes a challenge; it yields an additional contribution to the cooling effect. It is also concluded here that it might be more appropriate not to start with microphysical properties in order to quantify the dust particle radiative effects. Direct measurements of the optical dust particle properties are preferable, otherwise too much uncertainties are coming into play (shape, composition, size). Using the microphysical properties is more suited if the sensitivity of the radiative forcing is investigated
Investigation of socio-affective and socio-cognitive mechanisms in the processing of witnessed traumatic events (SOMETRA)
No full textWitnessed traumatic events are highly prevalent and can cause immense individual and societal burdens (Benjet et al., 2016; Karam et al., 2014; Kessler, 2000). The development of interventions to prevent such a burden requires detailed knowledge about the underlying biological and psychological mechanisms involved in the association between traumatic events and psychopathology. The fact that individuals can develop psychopathological reactions to events that are actually experienced by others raises the question of which specific socio-affective and socio-cognitive mechanisms are involved in the processing and pathological consequences of witnessing traumatic events. In the current project, we mainly focus on empathy as a socio-affective process, and Theory of Mind (ToM)/ perspective taking as a potential socio-cognitive process that may play a role in the development of subsequent symptom development after witnessing traumatic events.
Based on a theoretical framework (Tone & Tully, 2014; Trautmann et al., 2022) can be assumed that empathic responding is only an initial processing step that may be followed by diverging socio-affective and socio-cognitive functions (e.g., intermediate other- or self-related states), which are associated with either negative or positive affective and health outcomes (see Trautmann et al., 2022).
Especially empathic distress and interpersonal guilt, as intermediate states, could play a central role in symptom development, but also proneness to shame has been associated with post-traumatic stress, depressive symptoms, and empathy (e.g., Gambin & Sharp, 2018; Shi et al., 2020; Tone & Tully, 2014). Empathic distress and interpersonal guilt are negative states that are intrinsically self-related. By sharing the negative valence with the initial empathic response to others’ suffering, empathic distress may be viewed as an excessive form of empathy and is characterized by increased arousal, stress responses, and fear (Singer & Klimecki, 2014). Interpersonal guilt may be defined as a maladaptive form of cognitive empathy that is driven by excessive concerns, such as unreasonable beliefs that one is responsible for alleviating the suffering of others (Tone & Tully, 2014).
On the other hand, other-related (positive) mental states that follow empathic responding and ToM, such as sympathy and compassion, potentially explain why some people do not develop symptoms in the aftermath of witnessed trauma (Trautmann et al., 2022).
Moreover, additional processes are hypothesized to play a crucial role in modulating the association of empathy, ToM, and subsequent symptoms, such as the liability to hyperarousal and to negative thinking processes (Tone & Tully, 2014).
However, although specific associations of this theoretical framework have been already tested with regard to internalizing symptoms (Konrad et al., 2022; Powell, 2018; Tully et al., 2016), there remain still open questions. For instance, the investigation of how ToM relates to symptom development, such as internalizing symptoms, and what processes may modulate this association has yielded inconclusive results, with some studies reporting negative and others no associations (e.g., Gambin & Sharp, 2018; Konrad et al., 2024; MacDonald & Price, 2019; Tully et al., 2016). Most importantly, these pathways have not been systematically probed in relation to symptom development following trauma.
A better understanding of these pathways could elucidate differences in individual reactions following witnessed traumatic events. Confirming and exploring different socio-affective and -cognitive pathways, their dissection on the neural level, and the identification of biological and psychological factors that contribute to these different pathways could improve the prediction of adverse reactions to witnessed trauma. In order to determine the causal nature of these processes, a systematic investigation using an experimental laboratory design is planned. This includes the application of an effective laboratory model, the trauma film paradigm (James et al., 2016)
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