41 research outputs found
Synthetic versus biological mesh-related erosion after laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy. A systematic review
No full textPurpose: This review reports the incidence of mesh-related erosion after ventral mesh rectopexy to determine whether any difference exists in the erosion rate between synthetic and biological mesh. Methods: A systematic search of the MEDLINE and the Ovid databases was conducted to identify suitable articles published between 2004 and 2015. The search strategy capture terms were laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy, laparoscopic anterior rectopexy, robotic ventral rectopexy, and robotic anterior rectopexy. Results: Eight studies (3,956 patients) were included in this review. Of those patients, 3,517 patients underwent laparoscopic ventral rectopexy (LVR) using synthetic mesh and 439 using biological mesh. Sixty-six erosions were observed with synthetic mesh (26 rectal, 32 vaginal, 8 recto-vaginal fistulae) and one (perineal erosion) with biological mesh. The synthetic and the biological mesh-related erosion rates were 1.87% and 0.22%, respectively. The time between rectopexy and diagnosis of mesh erosion ranged from 1.7 to 124 months. No mesh-related mortalities were reported. Conclusion: The incidence of mesh-related erosion after LVR is low and is more common after the placement of synthetic mesh. The use of biological mesh for LVR seems to be a safer option; however, large, multicenter, randomized, control trials with long follow-ups are required if a definitive answer is to be obtained
Chemopreventive activity of tocopherols in mammary tumorigenesis
No full textVitamin E is a dietary micronutrient that is recognized as a lipid-soluble antioxidant and suggested to reduce cancer risk. Tocopherol, a member of the vitamin E family, consists of four forms designated as alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. Several large cancer prevention studies with alpha-tocopherol have reported no beneficial results. Recent laboratory studies have suggested that γ-enriched mixed tocopherols (gamma-TmT), gamma-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol inhibit cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. The purpose of this thesis is to characterize the cancer preventive activities of gamma-TmT and individual (alpha-, delta-, gamma-) tocopherols in the prevention of two subtypes of breast cancer: estrogen receptor (ER) positive and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) positive. As a complex and heterogeneous disease, breast cancer is divided into subtypes such as ER positive, HER2 positive, or basal-like. Animal models are utilized to define etiology of breast cancer and generate new prevention and treatment strategies. In three different animal models of breast cancer, the chemopreventive activities of gamma-TmT or individual tocopherols (alpha, delta or gamma) were assessed. Due to their sensitivity to 17beta-estradiol (E2) to induce mammary hyperplasia, female August Copenhagen Irish (ACI) rats were utilized. Immunohistochemical analysis of the mammary glands revealed a decrease in estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), while there was an increase in cleaved-caspase 3, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in gamma-TmT treated rats. In a second animal model, individual delta- and gamma-tocopherols inhibited hormone-dependent mammary tumorigenesis in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-treated female Sprague Dawley rats, whereas alpha-tocopherol did not decrease tumor burden. In mammary tumors, markers of cell proliferation (PCNA, PKCalpha), survival (PPARgamma, PTEN, phospho-Akt) and cell cycle (p53, p21) were affected by delta- and gamma-tocopherols. However, in the third animal model, administration of individual tocopherols did not prevent HER2/neu-driven tumorigenesis. There were modest effects by gamma-tocopherols on increased tumor latency, but the overall tumor burden was not significantly decreased. In conclusion, delta-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and gamma-TmT, but not alpha-tocopherol, have exhibited chemopreventive properties in two estrogen-dependent animal models, but not in transgenic HER2-driven breast cancer.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Amanda Kathryn Smolare
Laparoscopic technique of lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in locally advanced rectal cancer — a video vignette
No full textChallenges for Leading Multinational and Multicultural Military Units
No full textThe paper deals with the opportunities and challenges which might face a commander leading multinational and multicultural troops, especially in peacekeeping and peace support operations. Peacekeeping missions have had an international character since their beginning. Internationalization of operations provides legitimacy to a mission and greater international support. However the combined operation causes significant challenges, especially for commanders, who have to lead these types of military units. The paper presents the benefits as well as challenges which faces the international leader in multiethnic environment. The author, based on his own experience gained in international deployments, presents his views and suggestions regarding the aspects of commanding multinational and multicultural troops
Modeling of the wind generated force acting on the liferaft
No full textThe aim of this paper is to derive a mathematical model for estimating the wind forces and wind moments effects a life raft. The mathematical model based on data from laboratory experiments. Forces due to the action of wind are adequately described. The governing physical equations, however, contain characteristics of the environment that are often not well quantified. In the strong wind condition, when the wind speed is much larger than the current and body speeds, all wind-generated forces must be taken into account. Friction and pressure forces exerted by the wind on the upper part of the floating body result in the wind force, which has a downwind component (drag) and a crosswind component (side force or lift), [1][2]. The drag component is always positive. The side force or lift component can be positive or negative[8]. The lift depends on the wind speed, body geometry, and strongly on the angle between the long axis of the floating body and the wind direction. In this paper the author presents models of wind forces acting at a life raft. Data from laboratory experiments (wind tunnel [5]) are used to build dynamical models
Interrogation of a Child as a Witness in the Criminal Procedure – Selected Legal and Psychological Aspects
No full textThe article discusses the essential problems related to the participation of a child as a witness in criminal proceedings. The author explains the key issue – who is a child in the light of the Polish criminal procedure regulations. In this context, also the legal and partly psychological aspects are presented, associated with determining the age limit for a child – the witness and the impact of age and ongoing developmental processes on child’s ability to testify
Reklama podprogowa – istota, mity, zagrożenia
No full textSubliminal advertising – essence, myths, threats The aim of this research is to examine in detail the essence of subliminal advertising; attempt to separate the facts from the myths; and to look for the answer on two question: Does modern subliminal advertising may affect the human subconscious? Does modern subliminal advertising is any threat to humans? Author tried resolve that problems by analyzing the history of subliminal advertising. After that study he came to conclusion that the effect of subliminal advert will depend on the perception of the definition subliminal advertising. If you recognize that subliminal advertising is only subliminal stimuli, used deliberately, for marketing purposes, it should be noted that its effectiveness is rather a myth. Numerous constraints and difficulties, causes that using them for marketing purposes is unprofitable, and too risky for advertisers. If the subliminal advertisement considered as a symbol of an idea (to influence human behavior without their awareness) then it shall be defined as all the techniques that affect the subconscious mind (without detailing specific), used deliberately for marketing purposes. In this perspective, it can be concluded that subliminal advertising affects the human subconscious, although the impact is rather limited. And despite the many restrictions still poses a potential threat to consumers
Modern technologies in borders protection
No full textIntegration of countries brings about abolishment of internal borders control instruments between member states as in the European Union, but on the other hand increases the need for better control of their external boundaries. The paper presents possibilities which offers up-to-date technology especially in area of applying unmanned aerial and surface vehicles as well as seismic intrusion detectors, and other types of sensors applicable for border control and safety. The author focus on current solutions in this area and presents research programs such as the European Union TALOS which should help to support security and protection level of the international borders.Mirosław Smolare
Kupowanie i wyrzucanie, składowanie i kolekcjonowanie, ponowne wykorzystywanie przedmiotów - współczesne tendencje wśród zachowań konsumenckich
No full textIn the contemporary world we can not imagine a form of human existence other than one where we live with objects that we have to domesticate, in a sense, in order to adapt them to our individual needs. Even in the general acceleration and prevailing nature of the consumer lifestyle, consumer behaviour does not confine itself to one trend (e.g., buying new items and throwing out old ones that are still good), but assumes different forms. The author differentiates three tendencies of consumption. In one, individuals want to acquire a certain item and later to get rid of it (continual buying), in the second, they wish to possess something and treat it almost ceremoniously (collecting), while in the third, there is a great desire to find value in an object in order to reuse it in a completely different manner (redefinition). Contemporary consumers can thus search for items that have their own unique history. This tendency is confirmed by the quantity of second-hand-type shops and cluttered basements
Reklama podprogowa – istota, mity, zagrożenia
No full textSubliminal advertising – essence, myths, threats The aim of this research is to examine in detail the essence of subliminal advertising; attempt to separate the facts from the myths; and to look for the answer on two question: Does modern subliminal advertising may affect the human subconscious? Does modern subliminal advertising is any threat to humans? Author tried resolve that problems by analyzing the history of subliminal advertising. After that study he came to conclusion that the effect of subliminal advert will depend on the perception of the definition subliminal advertising. If you recognize that subliminal advertising is only subliminal stimuli, used deliberately, for marketing purposes, it should be noted that its effectiveness is rather a myth. Numerous constraints and difficulties, causes that using them for marketing purposes is unprofitable, and too risky for advertisers. If the subliminal advertisement considered as a symbol of an idea (to influence human behavior without their awareness) then it shall be defined as all the techniques that affect the subconscious mind (without detailing specific), used deliberately for marketing purposes. In this perspective, it can be concluded that subliminal advertising affects the human subconscious, although the impact is rather limited. And despite the many restrictions still poses a potential threat to consumers
