82 research outputs found
Antiviral regulation in porcine monocytic cells at different activation states
No full textMonocytic cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, exist in different activation states that are critical to the regulation of antimicrobial immunity. Many pandemic viruses are monocytotropic, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which directly infects subsets of monocytic cells and interferes with antiviral responses. To study antiviral responses in PRRSV-infected monocytic cells, we characterized inflammatory cytokine responses and genome-wide profiled signature genes to investigate response pathways in uninfected and PRRSV-infected monocytic cells at different activation states. Our findings showed suppressed interferon (IFN) production in macrophages in non-antiviral states and an arrest of lipid metabolic pathways in macrophages at antiviral states. Importantly, porcine monocytic cells at different activation states were susceptible to PRRSV and responded differently to viral infection. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, two approaches were used to potentiate antiviral activity: (i) pharmaceutical modulation of cellular lipid metabolism and (ii) in situ PRRSV replication-competent expression of interferon alpha (IFN-α). Both approaches significantly suppressed exogenous viral infection in monocytic cells. In particular, the engineered IFN-expressing PRRSV strain eliminated exogenous virus infection and sustained cell viability at 4 days postinfection in macrophages. These findings suggest an intricate interaction of viral infection with the activation status of porcine monocytic cells. An understanding and integration of antiviral infection with activation status of monocytic cells may provide a means of potentiating antiviral immunity
Influence of quality of care and individual patient characteristics on quality of life and return to work in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome: protocol for a prospective, observational, multi-centre patient cohort study (DACAPO)
No full textAbstract Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and return to work are important outcomes in critical care medicine, reaching beyond mortality. Little is known on factors predictive of HRQoL and return to work in critical illness, including the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and no evidence exists on the role of quality of care (QoC) for outcomes in survivors of ARDS. It is the aim of the DACAPO study (“Surviving ARDS: the influence of QoC and individual patient characteristics on quality of life”) to investigate the role of QoC and individual patient characteristics on quality of life and return to work. Methods/Design A prospective, observational, multi-centre patient cohort study will be performed in Germany, using hospitals from the “ARDS Network Germany” as the main recruiting centres. It is envisaged to recruit 2400 patients into the DACAPO study and to analyse a study population of 1500 survivors. They will be followed up until 12 months after discharge from hospital. QoC will be assessed as process quality, structural quality and volume at the institutional level. The main outcomes (HRQoL and return to work) will be assessed by self-report questionnaires. Further data collection includes general medical and ARDS-related characteristics of patients as well as sociodemographic and psycho-social parameters. Multilevel hierarchical modelling will be performed to analyse the effects of QoC and individual patient characteristics on outcomes, taking the cluster structure of the data into account. Discussion By obtaining comprehensive data at patient and hospital level using a prospective multi-centre design, the DACAPO-study is the first study investigating the influence of QoC on individual outcomes of ARDS survivors
Influence of quality of intensive care on quality of life/return to work in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome: prospective observational patient cohort study (DACAPO)
No full textAbstract Background Significant long-term reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is often observed in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and return to work (RtW) is limited. There is a paucity of data regarding the relationship between the quality of care (QoC) in the intensive care unit (ICU) and both HRQoL and RtW in ARDS survivors. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate associations between indicators of QoC and HRQoL and RtW in a cohort of survivors of ARDS. Methods To determine the influence of QoC on HRQoL and RtW 1 year after ICU-discharge, ARDS patients were recruited into a prospective multi-centre patient cohort study and followed up regularly after discharge. Patients were asked to complete self-report questionnaires on HRQoL (Short Form 12 physical component scale (PCS) and mental component scale (MCS)) and RtW. Indicators of QoC pertaining to volume, structural and process quality, and general characteristics were recorded on ICU level. Associations between QoC indicators and HrQoL and RtW were investigated by multivariable linear and Cox regression modelling, respectively. B values and hazard ratios (HRs) are reported with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results 877 (of initially 1225 enrolled) people with ARDS formed the DACAPO survivor cohort, 396 were finally followed up to 1 year after discharge. The twelve-month survivors were characterized by a reduced HRQoL with a greater impairment in the physical component (Md 41.2 IQR [34–52]) compared to the mental component (Md 47.3 IQR [33–57]). Overall, 50% of the patients returned to work. The proportion of ventilated ICU patients showed significant negative associations with both 12 months PCS (B = − 11.22, CI −20.71; − 1,74) and RtW (HR = 0,18, CI 0,04;0,80). All other QoC indicators were not significantly related to outcome. Conclusions Associations between ICU QoC and long-term HrQoL and RtW were weak and largely non-significant. Residual confounding by case mix, treatment variables before or during ICU stay and variables pertaining to the post intensive care period (e.g. rehabilitation) cannot be ruled out. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.govNCT02637011 . (December 22, 2015, retrospectively registered
Association of analgosedation with psychiatric symptoms and health-related quality of life in ARDS survivors: Post hoc analyses of the DACAPO study
No full textBACKGROUND: The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition with the risk of developing hypoxia and thus requires for invasive mechanical ventilation a long-term analgosedation. Yet, prolonged analgosedation may be a reason for declining health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the development of psychiatric disorders. METHODS: We used data from the prospective observational nation‑wide ARDS study across Germany (DACAPO) to investigate the influence of sedation and analgesia on HRQoL and the risk of psychiatric symptoms in ARDS survivors 3, 6 and 12 months after their discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). HRQoL was measured with the Physical and Mental Component Scale of the Short‑Form 12 Questionnaire (PCS‑12, MCS‑12). The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms (depression and post‑traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire‑9 and the Post‑Traumatic Stress Syndrome‑14. The associations of analgosedation with HRQoL and psychiatric symptoms were investigated by means of multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS: The data of 134 ARDS survivors (median age [IQR]: 55 [44–64], 67% men) did not show any significant association between analgosedation and physical or mental HRQoL up to 1 year after ICU discharge. Multivariable linear regression analysis (B [95%‑CI]) yielded a significant association between symptoms of psychiatric disorders and increased cumulative doses of ketamine up to 6 months after ICU discharge (after 3 months: depression: 0.15 [0.05, 0.25]; after 6 months: depression: 0.13 [0.03, 0.24] and PTSD: 0.42 [0.04, 0.80)]). CONCLUSIONS: Up to 1 year after ICU discharge, analgosedation did not influence HRQoL of ARDS survivors. Prolonged administration of ketamine during ICU treatment, however, was positively associated with the risk of psychiatric symptoms. The administration of ketamine to ICU patients with ARDS should be with caution. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02637011 (Registered 15 December 2015, retrospectively registered)
The development of bonding ventilated window for bus
No full textTato práce se zabývá změnou technologického postupu lepení větratelného okna. Dále pojednává o zkouškách vybraných lepidel použitých při výrobě větratelných oken. Poslední část se zabývá numerickým výpočtem lepeného spoje.This work with the technological change process bonding ventilated windows. The author discusses the testing of selected adhesives used in the manufacture of ventilated windows. The last part deals with the numerical calculation of the bond.Katedra dopravních prostředků a diagnostikyDiplomant komisi seznámil s diplomovou prací, ve které řešil problematiku vývoje technologie lepení větratelných oken pro autobusy. Při obhajobě správně odpovídal na otáky oponenta, vedoucího práce i členů komise.Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo
Reliability assessment of selected process in non-manufacturing company
No full textThe subject of the diploma thesis Assessment of the reliability of a selected process in a non-manufacturing company is the analysis of the reliability of processes and their risks. The partial goals were to perform a professional literature search of valid standards and a system analysis concerning the issue of assessing the reliability of the selected process. The first part of the diploma thesis deals with the approach to selected concepts and tools that are used in this work. Furthermore, the author dealt with selected requirements of the relevant standards ČSN EN ISO 9001:2016, ČSN EN ISO 14001:2016 a ČSN ISO 45001:2018, which relate to the issues addressed. The practical part introduces the company, especially the division of the company related to the process. Subsequently, the process was processed into an integrated flowchart and assessed using quality tools, namely FMEA analysis and Internal Audit. Based on the results obtained using these tools, the analysis revealed relevant risks and findings. In the last part, the author compared and summarized the results of the assessment and the identified findings, for which he proposed appropriate preventive measures to improve the selected process. Finally, the own conclusions and proposed preventive measures are discussed
Porcine TREM-1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily: Cloning and expression studies
No full textCathelicidins: microbicidal activity, mechanisms of action, and roles in innate immunity
No full textAntimicrobial peptides are important host-defense molecules of innate immunity. Cathelicidins are a diverse family of potent, rapidly acting and broadly effective antimicrobial peptides, which are produced by a variety of cells. This review examines the classification, antimicrobial spectrum, mechanism of action, and regulation of cathelicidins.LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 100883508; 0 (Anti-Infective Agents); 0 (Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides); 0 (Blood Proteins); 0 (Protein Precursors); 0 (cathelicidin 2 protein, mammal); 0 (cathelicidin 3 protein, Equus caballus); RF: 155; ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
PR-39, a porcine antimicrobial peptide, inhibits apoptosis: involvement of caspase-3
No full textThe porcine antimicrobial peptide, PR-39, has several activities beyond its function of killing bacteria. Here we report that PR-39 alters macrophage viability by inhibiting apoptosis, which was induced by nutrient depletion, LPS stimulation or camptothecin treatment. This antiapoptotic effect was pronounced resulting in significant reductions in annexin-V binding to externalized phosphatidylserine and was associated with a decrease in caspase-3 activity. These findings suggest that PR-39, a porcine neutrophil-derived antimicrobial peptide, might function in the inflammatory milieu not only to kill bacteria, but also to aid in modulating the viability of inflammatory cells by regulating apoptosis.LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 7708205; 0 (Annexin A5); 0 (Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides); 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Lipopolysaccharides); 139637-11-9 (PR 39); 7689-03-4 (Camptothecin); EC 3.4.22.- (Casp3 protein, mouse); EC 3.4.22.- (Caspase 3); EC 3.4.22.- (Caspases); ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
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