322,910 research outputs found
Assessment and mapping of the intrinsic vulnerability to polluton: anexample from Kerits river basin (North_west Crete, Greece).
No full textPollution risk assessment based on hydrogeological data and management of solid waste landfills
No full textDuring the last years, the occurrences of degradation processes of underground water are continuously more frequent especially
as concerns the quality of this natural resource. Polluting processes produced by landfills consisting of urban and industrial refuses
are particularly critical for the type of contamination and for the intrinsic difficulty in applying any remedy. In the present research,
we estimate the environmental compatibility of the controlled landfills by applying an integrated method based on (i) the
hydrogeological behaviour of the area surrounding the landfill according to the map of the intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer(s),
(ii) the setup, the management and the control of the landfill defined by its risk index. The application of this approach to several
landfills located in different geological conditions allowed us to evaluate the efficiency of the control system of the existing
landfills and the priority list of the intervention to be performed to improve the future management and to protect the surrounding
environment
HYDROGEOLOGICAL WATER BALANCE IN A CARBONATE HYDRO-STRUCTURE
No full textCarbonate hydro-structures represent a strategic resource acting as a natural reservoir able to absorb incredible amount of water during rainfall events and releasing a significant outflow with reduced variability. This is typical of groundwater resources, but this structure may provide an extraordinary baseflow contribution to the streamflow. The present work focuses on a carbonate hydro-structure located over the Mountains of Lauria (Southern Italy). The eastern sector of this hydro-structure is the “Monte La Spina” aquifer formed by limestone and dolomitic limestone with different degrees of fissuring and, in places, karstic features. The study investigates on the hydrogeological water balance of the “Monte la Spina” aquifer using two different models: one based on an Inverse Water Balance scheme and the second based on a conceptual scheme for the water balance prediction. The modelling application highlighted the peculiarity of this aquifer in terms of temporal behaviour, using an extended simulation period, and the potential of the two models as a tool for water resources management
The neural network applied to spatial hazard of the landslide dam making.
No full textSome tectonic areas, subjected to shocks, volcanic or tectonic events, having a bedrock
stressed, jointed or hydrothermally altered, have got a great predisposition to landslide
(Costa e Schuster, 1999).These mass movements in some cases block the stream
river, easily in the steepest valleys rounded by high reliefs, causing the lake making
upstream. The term “landslide dam” is defined as the blockage of a river occurred
for natural causes and induced from mass movements. The landslide dams constitute
an hazard upstream and downstream to the blockage for several causes as the flooding
following the failure of the dam or for the reservoir filling. The literature until
now assessed the landslide dams stability using geomorphic index based on empirical
approaches and on a mere graphical nature. The aim of this study is to define the
geomorphic and structural parameters that condition landslide dams making and to
individuate a statistical model that best fit a spatial geomorphic hazard forecast. The
landslide dams susceptibility was assessed by an innovative technique based on the
artificial intelligence method: the Artificial Neural Network (having less subjectivity).
This methodology allows to draw maps of susceptibility of the study area starting
from thematic maps representing the parameters responsible of the predisposition of
the territory to make landslide dams. We considered same parameters like: the natural
dam lithology as the difference between matrix and grain-supported, the tendency
of territory to landslide making, the hydraulic risk linked to flooding areas along the
river and a ratio between the landslide velocity and the width of channel blocked, the
entrenchment. The proposed model has been applied with good results to some cases
selected from hydrogeological basins of the Appennines in Basilicata
Assessment of systemic vulnerability in landslide prone areas: a proposed model.
No full textThis paper deals with the conceiving, the development and the subsequent validation
of an integrated numerical model for assessment of the systemic vulnerability in complex
and urbanizing areas subject at landslide risk.
The proposed assessing model, which is based on the studies of Tamura et al., 2000
and Minciardi et al., 2004, considers the vulnerability not as a characteristic of a particular
element at risk, but as a peculiarity of a complex territorial system, in which
the different elements are reciprocally linked in a functional way. Therefore it allows
to point out, in checked areas, the elements which mostly experience a functional lost
and make the whole system critical.
This characteristic makes the proposed model effectively able to support a correct
territorial planning and a suitable management of the emergency following natural
disasters which trigger or mobilize again mass movements.
This model, anchored in a GIS system, has been characterized by the following phases:
1. The first phase has aimed at the topological characterization of the studied territorial
system and the assessment of the scenarios in terms of spatial landslide
hazard. As concerns the assessment of the landslide hazard, a statistical method
has been proposed, which is based on the neural networks;
2. the second phase has been characterized by the analysis of the direct consequences
of a scenario event on the system;
3. the third phase has been focalized on the definition of the assessing model of
the systemic vulnerability in landslide areas;
4. the forth phase aim at description of possible trigger of further risks beginning
from a particular event;
5. the fifth phase aim at spatial analysis of elements.
The proposed model has been applied with good results on the territory of Potenza,
which is well known for being characterized by a widespread state of hydrogeological
upheaval
SIVRAD: an integrated system for the assessment of the environmental risk from solid waste landfills - Guidelines/ SIVRAD: Un Sistema Integrato per la Valutazione del Rischio Ambientale da Discariche - Linee guida
No full textLa contaminazione delle risorse idriche sotterranee a causa di una fuoriuscita di percolato da discarica ha creato gravi problemi socio-economici ed ambientale in diversi paesi. Infatti, molte delle discariche esistenti e quelle abbandonate, ancorché non adeguatamente controllate o gestite, possono costituire una grave problematica sanitaria ed ambientale. La scelta del sito per lo smaltimento dei rifiuti deve necessariamente scaturire da uno studio rigoroso basato sulla valutazione integrata della pericolosità ambientale dell’impianto stesso, delle caratteristiche
idrogeologiche e del grado di vulnerabilità intrinseca all’inquinamento delle falde acquifere.
Nel presente lavoro viene proposto un Sistema Integrato per la Valutazione del Rischio Ambientale da Discariche di rifiuti solidi urbani (SIVRAD). L’analisi integrata della vulnerabilità intrinseca del sistema acquifero e la stima della pericolosità potenziale intrinseca consentono di valutare l’idoneità dei siti ad ospitare una discarica e di definire la priorità di bonifica ed il sistema di monitoraggio per gli impianti esistenti. Inoltre, per le nuove discariche, la metodologia descritta permette di suggerire una migliore strategia di costruzione per la tutela dell’ambiente circostante.
Infine, questo approccio metodologico è stato applicato in discariche situate in diversi contesti geologici ed idrogeologici.In recent years, the contamination of the underground resources from landfill leachates is recognised as a serious socio-economic and environmental problem in many countries. In fact, the existing not adequately controlled and abandoned sites, constitute a serious sanitary and environmental problems. The choice of the waste disposal site must necessarily arise from a rigorous study based on the joint assessment of the environmental hazard of the same plant and the hydrogeological characteristics and the degree of intrinsic vulnerability to pollution of the aquifers. In the present paper an integrated system for the assessment of the environmental risk from solid waste landfills is proposed. The integrated analysis of the intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system and the estimate of the intrinsic potential hazard caused by the landfill expressed in terms of danger index allow to evaluate the suitability of the sites to host a landfill and to define the reclamation priority and monitoring system for the existing landfills. As concerns new landfills, the proposed methodology could also support a better construction strategy and the protection of the surrounding environment. Finally, this methodological approach was applied in landfills located in different geological and hydrogeological contexts
Rischio di frana indotto dagli eventi di pioggia in Avigliano (Basilicata).
No full textThe urban area of Avigliano is widely affected by a conspicuous proneness to landslides which results in heavy damage to buildings and facilities. Some ancient, recent and current mass movements can be recognized which undergo periodica1 total or partial reactivation due mainly to the unstabilizing influence of repeated rainfalls. Landslides are also caused by earthquakes and by unwary human activities. This paper aims at ascertaining the true incidence of rainfall on the landslides occurring in the urban area of Avigliano, by means of rigorous hydrological and statistica1 methods. Five major landslides were selected based on the following criteria: good knowledge of the corresponding geometrical, geomorphological and evolutionary features, availability of an accurate database on landsliding, triggering causes, reactivations occurred in the last decades following heavy rains, availability of hydrological, geognostic, aerial photography and historical data. The role played by rainfalls in the reactivation of the investigated landslides was studied by applying hydrological and statistical empirical models previously used and checked by the authors. The probability grades of the daily cumulative amounts of rain were also determined broadening the concept of rainfall threshold. These grades may also account for hazard thresholds beyond which landslides may be individully reactivated.Published23-30N/A or not JCRope
Geomorphological features and monitoring of a large and complex landslide near Avigliano urban area (South Italy)
No full textThis paper reports the results of geological and geomorphological surveys and the first results of a still in progress GPS monitoring campaign, taken on a large and ancient landslide located near Avigliano town (Basilicata region, South Italy). The landslide occurs on structurally complex clayey-marly terrains and it is classifiable as a multiple and complex roto-translational-earthflow landslide. In the last years this landslide has been affected by frequent reactivations that have been the cause of grave damages to the urban structures in the area. During January 2004, in order to monitor the present kinematics of the landslide body, a GPS network was installed. Until today several GPS surveys have been carried out. The results of GPS data analysis show centimetres level motions going on the landslide. The final goal of the research will be to define a hazard evaluation and an evolution model of the landslide, using the integrated information coming from GPS and geomorphological surveys
Evoluzione geomorfologica di un'area suburbana di Castronuovo S. Andrea (PZ) ed incidenza delle piogge su alcuni movimenti di massa
No full textThis work deals with the results obtained from geomorphological and hydrological investigation conducted in order to point out the complex geomorphological evolution related to a large part of the Castronuovo S. Andrea (Pz) territory, to identify the landslide typology of two different mass movements under investigation, as well as the influence caused by the rainfall. The landslide under study occurred on two opposite slopes of the low valley of torrent Mastro Ciardi, characterized by the same stratigraphic-structural, hydrogeological and geotechnical environment. The first slope e can be ascribed to a displacement of a first detachment, while the other one brat least 700io can be referred to a rimobilization phenomenon; both landslides, to a variable extent, have been influenced by tectonic joints following two different directions: NE - SW and WNW - ESE.
As far as the last 40 years are concerned, the morphological evolution of the areas under study has been obtained resorting to analyses, even comparative, of aerial photos at different generation; the relationship between rainfall and landslide has been identified in an empirical way through special models.Published141-163N/A or not JCRope
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