1,721,191 research outputs found
Bibliographie
No full textAalst Irina van, Brands Jelle, Tjerk Timan et Schwanen Tim, 2012, « Rhythms of the night: spatiotemporal inequalities in the nighttime economy », Environment and Planning A, vol. 44, no 9, p. 2064-2085.Aalst Irina van, Liempt Ilse van et Schwanen Tim, 2014, « Video-surveillance and the production of space in urban nightlife districts », Responsible Innovation, vol. 1, p. 315-334. En ligne : [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8956-1_18].Aalst Irina van, Liempt Ilse van et Schwanen Tim, 2015, « Introduc..
Designing policy for Earth's urban future
No full textAlthough the importance of cities has been recognized through international agreements such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the worldwide impact of urban growth upon all Earth systems is not well recognized by the international policy community. Collectively, cities drive global change at an unprecedented scale, transforming land cover, hydrological systems, climate, biogeochemistry, and habitats. Cities are the nucleus from which humanities’ impact on all Earth systems can be observed. One would thus expect urban dynamics and impacts to be at the top of global governance agendas. We argue that one key factor that contributes to this lack of recognition is the absence of a global-level urban science advisory system, which could support the United Nations (UN) and regional multilateral groups with international policy-making. Achieving such a system requires the acknowledgment of three things: aggregate or cumulative impacts of urbanization globally, urban blind spots in present international policy-making, and diversity and potential contributions of urban science
An economic–geographic assessment of the potential for a new air transport hub in post-Gaddafi Libya
No full textPost-war Libya is faced with the challenge of adopting an air transport strategy for the future. One issue is how to address projects inaugurated under the Gaddafi government, such as the terminal extension at Tripoli International Airport. Additionally, the state-owned Afriqiyah Airlines had been establishing a niche hub in Tripoli before the 2011 war, but this development has subsequently been stalled.
Against this background, we analyse the prospects of an air transport hub operation in Libya, focusing on traffic between Africa and Europe, from a bird’s-eye economic–geographic view. First, a literature review is undertaken to identify general success factors for air transport hubs. Second, a weighted average distance penalty (WADP) indicator is developed and applied to Tripoli as a potential hub location. This indicator considers all 4755 O&Ds between Europe and Africa with more than 100 passengers in 2012. For sensitivity reasons, alternative WADPs are estimated for the 3209 traffic flows not including North Africa and for (forecasted) future air traffic demand in 2020. The results for Tripoli International Airport are benchmarked against competing hub locations, such as Algiers, Cairo, and the major European airports. We conclude by discussing the implications of the current and anticipated future security and economic situation in the country
Inside mobile urbanism: cities and policy mobilities
Full text linkThis chapter explores ‘mobile urbanism’ through the lens of urban policy mobilities. We discuss how scholars understand the movement of policies between cities. In doing so, the chapter focuses on dualisms that underpin the circulation of policies and the people who move them, namely relationality/territoriality, global/local and fixity/mobility to highlight key aspects of urban policy mobility. It then examines the different elements of mobility, such as knowledge, people, materials and politics that mobile policies are dependent upon. Empirically, the chapter starts and ends with visits to two post-war high-rise developments – the Unité d’Habitation in Marseille and the Park Hill estate in Sheffield – to illustrate the dualisms and related mobilities connected to policy mobilization
How is the bike made mobile? Learning from bicycle activism and mobilities in Latin America
Full text linkOver the course of nearly thirty years, cycling activism has proliferated throughout Latin America and, from two independent initiatives in opposite ends of the continent, it has grown into a vibrant social movement with manifestations in almost every major city in the region. Still, there is a significant knowledge gap with regards to cycling activism in Latin America, both in the Spanish-language and anglophone literatures. Hence, this research is an exploratory enquiry into the geographies of cycling activism in this region, working through a multi-sited field comprised of Santiago de Chile, Mexico City, and the World Bike Forum in Lima and Quito, to interrogate how the bicycle is mobilised by activists in Latin America today. In asking “How is the bike made mobile?” this research seeks to understand the spatialities, knowledge-practices, and moments of tension and dissent that make up this social movement. To do so, it draws on a wide body of literature, encompassing vélomobilities, the geographies of social movements, and research into the production and circulation of knowledge. Working with a qualitative militant research approach, this thesis unpacks the politics of cycling activism in three moments: first, I conceptualise cycling activism in space as simultaneously territorial and networked, working through multiple scales, and assembling as a regional phenomenon. Situating cycling activism in space lays the groundwork for interrogating the strategies and techniques by means of which activists construct the bicycle as a particularly appropriate vehicle for the city, and how the knowledge they produce is made to circulate. Finally, I examine the challenges and possibilities that Latin American feminism presents to cycling activism, identifying mobility not just as a site where gender inequalities find expression, but also where patriarchal domination and machismo can be resisted. In presenting my arguments, I advocate for a more worldly research practice that meaningfully engages with the scholarship, knowledge, and ambitions of researchers and activists in Latin America
The space-times of post-capitalist transformation: More-than-human affects in French and Catalan eco-communities
No full textThis thesis aims to understand how post-capitalist life is made possible in eco-communities and how it might travel beyond them. I do so with a view of uncovering attempts at thinking and doing differently in ways that may guide us in the Anthropocene (Clark, 2011: 162, see Gibson- Graham and Roelvink, 2009; Haraway, 2008; Povinelli, 2011; Tsing, 2015), whilst simultaneously responding to calls to study such sites in further depth as potential ‘niches’ with lessons to help address the excesses of capitalism and the associated climate crises (Litfin, 2014; Pickerill, 2017). I have conducted an ethnographic study of three eco-communities in Southwestern France and Catalonia in a broadly comparative vein and have drawn on the disparate body of literature around post-capitalist transformations and eco-communities on one hand, and more-than-human and non-representational geographies on the other. I have worked to address five gaps in the literature on eco-communities, namely, a lack of attention to embodiment and affect and to everyday material practices, their more-than-human constitution, their contribution to economic transformations, and finally, their endurance over time. I argue that repetitive, more-than-human affective relations along with moral-political convictions are crucial to understanding how post-capitalist transformations come about, especially when examining how affective relations and moral-political convictions emerge as motivations, how they are cultivated and passed onto to others, and how difficulties in doing so might arise over time. I have laid out this central argument in four space-times of transformation, that is, the variegated space-times of motivational experiences to move to an eco-community, the building of post-capitalist commons on site, the transformative potential of economic practices in and beyond the sites and finally, the endurance of post-capitalist practices over prolonged periods of time
Mobilizing bodies: unsettling sustainable mobility through cycling in Los Angeles
Full text linkThe figure of the human body and notions of its sustenance, wellbeing and need for change are central, if often latent, within discussions of contemporary eco-social 'crises'. This dissertation considers cycling practices in Los Angeles as a 'case' to ask how conceptions of human bodies - the intertwined ideas and materials that constitute them –need reconsidering. Cycling, particularly when replacing car journeys, is increasingly promoted as a solution for some of these 'crises': Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, traffic congestion and alleviating health concerns associated with sedentary lifestyles and mental health. Much cycling advocacy and research is focused on improving the cycling experience and enhancing rates of cycling in cities, yet rests on dominant ontological presumptions around human bodies, their categories of identity and their normativity - both what is considered 'normal' as well as aspirations of 'good' in terms of health and sustainability. In this dissertation, I work through a methodology of 'riding theory' by bringing together (material) feminist, queer and critical race theories with multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork on cycling practices, focusing mainly on Los Angeles, California. Rather than building on automatic assumptions of cycling as a 'solution', I ask in what ways cycling practices manifest through relations of power. This rests on an ontology of 'flesh' and 'enfleshment' – indebted to the work of corporeal and black feminist theorists - whereby cycling is understood not as modulated by relations of power, but becoming-as and through these relations in highly uneven ways. Through cycling in Los Angeles, intertwined techniques of power are discussed as: categorization (the naming and reproduction of identities and bodily difference); configuration of matter and meanings through spacetime (the configuration and affordances of cycling lungs, exposures, taking up spacetimes, speeds and locomotion) and valuation (the enrolment of cycling subjectivities and energies within the reproduction and circulation of value). As opposed to cycling futures reconfigured to fulfil alternative criteria of valuation, I consider what a cycling ethic of response-ability might do: An ethic that arises from the ontologies of enfleshment and that requires a working-with the affordances of cycling. Thinking through these ontologies and/as ethics, I argue, forces emergent reconsideration of how cycling subjectivities and responsibilities, justice, health and sustainability are understood
Mobility, subjective wellbeing and air pollution: a study of a Beijing suburban residential community
No full textThis thesis examines the complex relationships between subjective wellbeing, air pollution and individuals’ activity-travel behaviour by considering multiple aspects of subjective wellbeing and focusing on the levels of both individual activity/trip episodes and whole-day activity-travel patterns. In doing so, the study recognises that the relationships between activity-travel behaviour and subjective wellbeing may differ for ambient and perceived air pollution. The thesis deploys high-resolution space-time data from a GPS-tracking activity-travel diary and real-time environmental exposure monitoring survey from November 2017 to January 2018 among a sample of 117 residents in the Meiheyuan residential community, Beijing. The results show that the timing of leaving home and trip number are significantly associated with air pollution exposure at the day level, and activity type, locations, transport mode, distance and timing are associated with ambient PM2.5 exposure at the activity/trip episode level. Perceived air pollution is more strongly related to subjective wellbeing than ambient PM2.5 exposure at both the day level and the episode level and acts as a key mediator between ambient PM2.5 exposure and subjective wellbeing for activity episodes. In addition, ambient PM2.5 exposure of the preceding activity episode, rather than that of the current episode, is more strongly related to subjective wellbeing at the current trip episode. The main contributions of the thesis to academia are the development of an analytical framework that stresses the whole-day activity-travel pattern, and the empirical evidence for the importance of perceived air pollution and time-lagged effects in the relationships among air pollution, subjective wellbeing and mobility
Work, time and rhythm: Investigating contemporary ‘time squeeze’
Full text linkIn contemporary capitalist economies such as the UK, it is commonly held that an increasing number of people and households experience anxiety over time and symptoms of 'time squeeze'. Existing accounts of the character and causes of this phenomenon are rather one-dimensional and lacking in nuance, however. In part, this is because they typically lack any substantial theoretical engagement with the concept of time itself. Accordingly, this research aims to provide a more complex and contextual account of experiences of working time (both paid and unpaid), and to investigate how and why experiences of time squeeze vary between individuals and social groups. This is achieved by calling upon an enriched understanding of time, and employing an instrumental case study built around a set of 50 semi-structured interviews with employees working in Oxford University's central IT department and four of its constituent colleges. The empirical findings reveal that the (quantitative) extent and (qualitative) nature of participants' temporal anxieties vary with occupation, social class, gender, age and family status, as well as the importance of institutional and local context. Furthermore, they demonstrate that contemporary time squeeze is generated by a variety of causal mechanisms relating to the duration, tempo and timing of both paid employment and unpaid reproductive work, and their intersections with the personal, natural, social, institutional and technological rhythms that variously constitute everyday life
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