14,258 research outputs found
Formica tianshanica Seifert & Schultz 2009, sp. n.
No full textFormica tianshanica sp. n. Derivatio nominis: from Tian Shan, the region of the first finding. Type material examined: Holotype worker plus 4 worker paratypes labelled "KIR: 42.4079° N, 73.7893° E Kap Tshigai valley, R. Schultz 1998.07.16-004" and " Holotype Formica tianshanica Seifert & Schultz " / " Paratype Formica tianshanica Seifert & Schultz ", SMN Görlitz; 3 mounted paratype workers and 10 paratype workers in ethanol, coll. RS. Material examined: 32 samples with 119 workers were subject to a numeric character analysis (Fig. 21): China (28), Kazakhstan (1), Kyrgyzstan (3). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. Description of worker (Tab. 1, Figs. 9, 16): small Ser-viformica species (CS 1.220 mm). Compared to F. cuni-cularia, head more elongated (CL / CW1.4 1.143), scape slightly shorter (SL / CL1.4 1.057) and petiole narrower (PEW / CS1.4 0.434). Distance between lateral ocelli moderate (OceD / CS1.4 0.165), eyes rather large (EYE / CS1.4 0.299). Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 25 - 40 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 7 -12 μ m maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 1.7, mesonotum 0.5, flexor profile of hind tibia 0.6. Petiole, posterior margin of head, propodeum, and dorsolateral metapleuron normally without setae. Ventral coxae and gaster tergites with long setae. Dorsal mesonotum in lateral aspect broadly convex. Meta-notal depression of moderate depth. Propodeal dome in profile convex, the basal profile sometimes slightly concave, in smaller specimens more or less linear and horizontal. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view bluntly angled in smaller specimens to broadly convex in larger specimens in which the median portion is occasionally linear or weakly excavate. Petiole scale in lateral aspect slender, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Gaster ter-gites with transverse microripples of a significantly larger distance than in F. cunicularia (RipD 6.2 μ m, Fig. 16), increasing from West (W-Tianshan, E-Kazakhstan: 5.7 μ m) to East (Bogda Shan: 6.5 μ m). Dorsum of gaster covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.3). Pubescence on head, mesosoma and petiole less dense, ants appear mildly shining. Posterior vertex, sometimes dorsal promesonotum, coxae, and all appendages normally brown, gaster always dark brown. Other body parts more or less reddish, in the Bogda Shan population more yellowish-brown. Comments on taxonomy: The character combination and overall phenotypic impression of F. tianshanica sp. n. is similar to that of F. cunicularia and F. persica sp. n., and we assume that these species are closely related allopatric and parapatric species. The discrimination, however, seems to be no problem. A three-class DA considering the characters CS, CL / CW1.4, SL / CS1.4, OceD / CS1.4, EYE / CS1.4, PEW / CS1.4, nPN1.4, nMN1.4, nPRME1.4, nPE1.4, nHFFL1.4, RipD1.4, sqPDG1.4, and PIGM 1.4, separated each of the 138 nest samples of these three species with p> 0.97 and 0% error indication in a LOOCV-DA (Fig. 17). The type samples were allocated to the right clusters with the following probabilities: neotype sample of F. cunicu-laria (p = 1.000), the holotype sample of F. cunicularia fuscoides and syntype sample of F. fusca var. rubescens (both p = 1.000, to F. cunicularia), the holotype sample of F. tianshanica sp. n. (p = 0.999) and holotype sample of F. persica sp. n. (p = 0.998). F. tianshanica sp. n. is in no contact with F. persica sp. n. but is sympatric with F. cunicu-laria in the Tarbagatay-Saur Mountains in East Kazakhstan. There seems to exist no reduction of interspecific pheno-typic contrast in this sympatric region but the small sample size available does not allow to really discuss possible interspecific hybridisation. Considerable morphological variation within the F. tianshanica sp. n. population is apparently existing in the gynes: Two gynes from the Tian Shan and Tarbagatay differ from five gynes from the Bogda Shan by larger CS, smaller OceD / CS and EYE / CS, more voluminous meso-somas and lighter colour. The sparse information currently available does not allow to decide if these differences represent a gyne dimorphism (as for instance found in European Formica fusca) or indicate different allopatric species. Since there are no significant differences between the worker populations of Tian Shan and Bogda Shan, we provisionally assume a gyne polymorphism but the problem needs a detailed investigation by integrative taxonomy. 32 samples with 119 workers were subject to a numeric character analysis of 18 characters. China: Bogda Shan (No. 148), 18.IX.2004 [43.869° N, 88.138° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 152), 18.IX.2004 [43.868° N, 88.138° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 166), 19.IX.2004 [43.871° N, 88.143° E]; Bogda Shan (2 samples, No. 173, 174), 19.IX.2004 [43.868° N, 88.143° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 177), 20.IX.2004 [43.864° N, 88.146 E]; Bogda Shan (No. 182), 20.IX.2004 [43.861° N, 88.146° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 186), 20.IX.2004 [43.861° N, 88.144° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 188), 20.IX.2004 [43.852° N, 88.162° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 192), 20.IX.2004 [43.840° N, 88.173° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 193), 20.IX.2004 [43.841° N, 88.173° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 194), 21.IX.2004 [43.821° N, 88.181° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 195), 21.IX.2004 [43.821° N, 88.180° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 196), 21.IX.2004 [43.819° N, 88.186° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 199), 21.IX.2004 [43.817° N, 88.191° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 202), 21.IX.2004 [43.835° N, 88.172° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 206), 22.IX.2004 [43.858° N, 88.177° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 216), 23.IX.2004 [43.868° N, 88.215° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 217), 23.IX.2004 [43.868° N, 88.210° E]; Bogda Shan (2 samples, No. 209, 211), 23.IX.2004 [43.859° N, 88.180° E]; Bogda Shan (2 samples, No. 223, 224), 23.IX.2004 [43.859° N, 88.175° E]; Bogda Shan (2 samples, No. 230, 233), 23.IX.2004 [43.859° N, 88.174° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 236), 25.IX.2004 [43.923° N, 88.233° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 252), 25.IX.2004 [43.943° N, 88.173° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 258), 26.IX.2004 [43.936° N, 88.106° E]. Kazakhstan: Saur, 25.VII.2001 [47.357° N, 85.518° E]. Kyrgyzstan: Kara Bura, 29.VII.1998 [42.250° N, 71.549° E]; Kap Tshigai vall. (samples No. 3, 4: type), 16.VII.1998 [42.408° N, 73.789° E]. Distribution and biology: Only known from mountain areas of the Turkestanian floristic subregion (Tian Shan, Tarbagatay-Saur, Bogda Shan). Range between 71° and 89° E and 42° and 47° N. Apparently rare in regions with competing montane and subalpine Serviformica species as observed in the Tian Shan, Tarbagatay and Quin Ling Shan. In contrast, very abundant in the Bogda Shan where these competitors are missing, occupying here a wide altitudinal range from 1380 to 3010 metres. This correlates with variable habitat selection in Bogda Shan: it was found here in pastures of any kind above and below the tree line, in open rural areas, in clear-cuttings of former Picea forest, in habitat mosaics of grassland, Picea and Juniperus and in light Picea forests.Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on pages 21-26
Formica anatolica Seifert & Schultz 2009, sp. n.
No full textFormica anatolica sp. n. Derivatio nominis: from the distribution in Anatolia. Type material examined: Holotype worker plus 4 worker paratypes labelled "TUR: 37.348° N, 34.360° E Hal-kapinar-32 rkm SE, Aydos Dagi 1600-1800 m, A. Schulz 1997.05.08-214" and " Holotype Formica anatolica Seifert & Schultz " / " Paratype Formica anatolica Seifert & Schultz "; SMN Görlitz. Material examined: 13 samples with 54 workers from Anatolia (Turkey) were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters (Fig. 18). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. Description of worker (Tab. 2, Fig. 8): large Servifor-mica species (CS 1.401 mm), head and scape significantly shorter than in F. rufibarbis (CL / CW1.4 1.110, SL / CS1.4 1.031) and eye distinctly larger (EYE / CS1.4 0.303). Petiole very wide (PEW / CS1.4 0.484). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal microcarinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 55 - 80 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 8 - 10 μ m maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 8.9, mesonotum 4.2, propodeum plus dorsolateral metapleuron 0.1, petiole dorsal of spiracle 0.8, flexor profile of hind tibia 1.4, underside of head 1.6 (only species of the F. rufibarbis group usually having gular setae). Posterior margin of head normally without setae. Ventral coxae and gaster tergites with long setae. Dorsal mesonotum in profile broadly convex. Metanotal depression rather deep. Propodeal dome in profile obtuse-angled or rounded, the basal profile sometimes linear or slightly concave. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view rounded, sometimes (especially in larger specimens) with a straight or slightly excavated median portion. Petiole scale in lateral aspect thin, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Gaster with transverse microripples of small distance (RipD 4.6 μ m) and covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.4). Pubescence on head, meso-soma and petiole dense. Posterior vertex, often dorsal pro-mesonotum, coxae and all appendages dark brown, gaster always dark brown. Other body parts reddish. In overall impression, this species appears relatively dark with remarkable contrasts between brown and reddish parts, especially on genae. Comments on taxonomy: Well separable from any other Palaearctic species. The very clear distinction from the other two setose species, F. rufibarbis and F. tarimica sp. n., has already been presented above (Fig. 15). The short head, short scape, large eye and pilosity on underside of head suggest certain affinities to the F. cinerea group but the very wide petiole scale and overall pilosity pattern indicate an allocation to the F. rufibarbis group. 13 samples with 54 workers were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters. Turkey: Halkapinar (type), 8.V.1997 [37.348° N, 34.36° E]; Bakirdagi, 10.V.1997 [38.217° N, 35.917° E]; Belören (3 samples), 4.VI.1993 [37.211° N, 32.546° E]; Cankurtaran, 10.V.2003 [38.155° N, 31.239° E]; Carmadi (2 samples), 31. V.1993 [37.823° N, 35.102° E]; Imrasan Gecidi (2 samples), 3.V.1997 [37.133° N, 31.800° E]; Seydisehir, 5.VI.1993 [37.350° N, 31.750° E]; Sylemaniye, 5.VI.1993 [37.100° N, 31.750° E]; Ücpinnar, 4.VI.1993 [37.126° N, 32.250°]. Distribution and biology: So far only known from south-central Anatolia in the region of the Taurus Mountains (Toros Daglari). Occurring there at elevations between 1300 and 1900 m. Most remarkable habitat selection: so far only found in woodland stands with Abies, Juniperus, Quercus and other deciduous tree species, occasionally interspersed with grassland patches.Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on page 2
Formica orangea Seifert & Schultz 2009, sp. n.
No full textFormica orangea sp. n. Derivatio nominis: from the mainly orange body colour. Type material examined: Holotype worker plus 4 worker paratypes labelled "KIR: 41.8327° N, 71.1948° E Tshat-kal valley, 1830 m R. Schultz 1998.07.28-115" and "Holo-type Formica orangea Seifert & Schultz " / " Paratype Formica orangea Seifert & Schultz ", 5 paratype workers in etha-nol, SMN Görlitz; from the same nest series: 3 mounted paratype workers and 19 paratype workers in ethanol, coll. RS. Material examined: 32 samples with 100 workers were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters (Figs. 18, 19): Afghanistan (2), Iran (1), Kazakhstan (4), Kyrgyzstan (10), Mongolia (14), Uzbekistan (1). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. Description of worker (Tab. 1, Fig. 6): medium-sized Serviformica species (CS 1.349 mm), head short (CL / CW1.4 1.111), scape shortest and distance of lateral ocelli largest within the F. rufibarbis group (SL / CS1.4 1.021, OceD / CS1.4 0.172), eye relatively small (EYE / CS1.4 0.288), petiole relatively narrow (PEW / CS1.4 0.421). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal microcarinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 35 -60 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 10 -13 μ m maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 1.5, mesonotum 0.8, petiole scale dorsal of spiracle 0.2, flexor profile of hind tibia 0.3. Posterior margin of head and propodeum plus dorsolateral metapleuron normally without setae. Ventral coxae and gaster tergites with long setae. Dorsal mesonotal profile broadly rounded. Metanotal depression moderately deep. Propodeal dome in profile flatly rounded to angled, the basal profile sometimes slightly concave. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view broadly convex. Petiole scale in lateral aspect relatively low and thicker than in other species of the F. rufi-barbis group, except F. tarimica sp. n., with convex anterior and straight to slightly convex posterior profile. Gaster with transverse microripples of rather large distance (RipD 6.7 μ m, second largest within the F. rufibarbis group) and covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.15). Pubescence on head, mesosoma and petiole less dense. Whole head, mesosoma, coxae, all appendages, and petiole in typical cases reddish yellow; sometimes in smaller specimens brown spots may occur on posterior vertex and dorsal pro-mesonotum, but always with low contrast between the pig-mented and the light parts, gaster always brown. Comments on taxonomy: Formica orangea sp. n. shows an unmistakable combination of orange colour, short head, short scape, high interocellar distance, low pronotal setae numbers and large microripple distance on gaster tergites (Tab. 1). 32 samples with 100 workers were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters. Afghanistan: Kabul, 18.IX.1952 [34.41° N, 69.16° E, coordinates estimated]; Tangi Saidan, 27.V.1952 [34.42° N, 69.17° E, coordinates estimated]. Iran: Ghuchan, 29.VII.2005 [37.41° N, 58.5° E, coordinates estimated]. Kazakhstan: Lake Zaysan (2 samples, No. 215, 355), 26.VII.2001 [47.682° N, 84.646° E]; Zaysan Basin, 25.VII.2001 [47.707° N, 85.300° E]; Zaysan Basin, 26.VII.2001 [47.711° N, 85.303° E]. Kyrgyzstan: Issyk Kul (3 samples, No. 174, 177, 181), 22.VII. 2000 [42.367° N, 76.200° E]; Issyk Kul (2 samples, No. 55, 56), 22.VII.2000 [42.368° N, 76.195° E]; Karavshin vall. (2 samples, No. 152b, 162b), 24.VII.2004 [39.781° N, 70.412° E]; Shamaldy-Say, 31.VII.2004 [41.119° N, 72.189° E]; Tshatkal vall. (2 samples, 115: type, 116), 28.VII.1998 [41.833° N, 71.195° E]. Mongolia: Bogd Sum, 19.VIII.1997 [45.141° N, 100.900° E]; Elsen Tasarkhai, 21.VII.2003 [47.389° N, 103.661° E]; Gobi Altai, 29.VII.2003 [44.54° N, 99.34° E, coordinates estimated]; Urtiyn ekh Oasis (6 samples, No. 326, 329, 403, 404, 405, 414), 31.VII.2003 [44.811° N, 97.368° E]; Zuun Mod Oasis (3 samples, No. 165, 166, 183), 16.VIII.1997 [43.232° N, 99.008° E]; Zuun Mod Oasis, 18.VIII.1997 [43.265° N, 99.218° E]; M515B, 2003, [leg. Pfeiffer, without location]. Uzbekistan: Tash-Kurgan, 22.VIII.1897 [38.37° N, 67.93° E, coordinates estimated]. Distribution and biology: Occurring in the Oriental-Turanian and Central Asian floristic region of the south sub-meridional and meridional zones. Ranging from 58° (Iran) to 104° E (Mongolia) and 34° (Afghanistan) to 48° N (Kazakhstan) at elevations between 400 and 2200 m. Prefers dry steppe and semi-desert habitats, in the vicinity of rivers or lakes. Invades rural areas and gardens. Nests found in moderately dry sand, often with characteristic slant gateways leading to the underground. Foraging on available trees, probably tending trophobionts.Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on page 26
Formica persica Seifert & Schultz 2009, sp. n.
No full textFormica persica sp. n. Derivatio nominis: from Persia - the terra typica of this species. Type material examined: Holotype worker plus 6 worker paratypes (4 stored in ethanol) labelled "IRAN: 36.767° N, 54.567° E, Tuskestan forest, 900 m Juniperus forest O. Paknia 2005.09.23-517" and " Holotype Formica persica Seifert & Schultz " / " Paratype Formica persica Seifert & Schultz "; SMN Görlitz. Material examined: 20 samples with 54 workers from Iran were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters (Fig. 20). For details. see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. 20 samples with 54 workers from Iran were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters. Iran: Tuskestan forest (type), 23.IX.2005 [36.767° N, 54.567° E]; Chorteh, 8.VII.1973 [36.767° N, 50.583° E]; Dela-restagh vill., 13.VII.2004 [36.400° N, 52.535° E]; Golestan N.P., 29.V.2004 [37.383° N, 55.767° E]; Golestan N.P., 14. V.2007 [37.367° N, 55.817° E]; Golestan N.P., 11.VI.2008 [37.398° N, 55.798° E]; Golestan N.P., 11.VI.2008 [37.388° N, 55.804° E]; Golestan N.P., 14.VI.2008 [37.383° N, 55.817° E]; Asalem, 26.VI.1973 [38.400° N, 48.600° E]; Mazandaran, 30.07.2007 [36.170° N, 53.215° E]; Nowshahr, 25.VI.2008 [36.601° N, 51.585° E]; Abpari forest, 27.VI.2008 [36.502° N, 51.932° E]; Abpari forest, 27.VI.2008 [36.501° N, 51.982° E]; Talesh (2 samples, No. 3400, 3454), 6.VII.2008 [37.617° N, 48.744° E]; Talesh, 6.VII.2008 [37.681° N, 48.834° E]; Talesh, 7.VII.2008 [37.679° N, 48.808° E]; Talesh, 7.VII. 2008 [37.705° N, 48.887° E]; Talesh, Alasem r., 9.VII.2008 [37.681° N, 48.834° E]; Tehran, Pol-e-Zanguleh, 12.VII. 1973 [36.217° N, 51.317° E]. Description of worker (Tab. 1, Fig. 10): medium-sized Serviformica species (CS 1.332 mm), head and scape much longer than in F. cunicularia (CL / CW1.4 1.162, SL / CS1.4 1.152). Petiole rather wide (PEW / CS1.4 0.450). Distance between lateral ocelli moderate (OceD / CS1.4 0.162), eye medium-sized (EYE / CS1.4 0.297). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal microcarinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 45 - 85 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 9 μ m maximum length. Pronotum, mesonotum, petiole, flexor profile of hind tibia, posterior margin of head, propodeum, and dorso-lateral metapleuron normally without setae. Ventral coxae with long setae, setae on dorsum of first gaster tergite sometimes lacking. Dorsal mesonotum in lateral aspect broadly convex, but in small ants flatter. Metanotal depression in larger specimens deep, in small specimens shallow. Propo-deal dome in profile obtuse-angled or rounded. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view convex, sometimes obtuse-angled. Petiole scale in lateral aspect slender, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Mean distance of transverse microripples on dorsum of gaster larger than in F. cunicularia (RipD 5.8 μ m). Gaster covered by a dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.3). Pubescence on head, me-sosoma and petiole less dense, ants appear somewhat shiny. Posterior vertex, often dorsal promesonotum, coxae, and all appendages brown, gaster always dark brown. Other body parts yellowish-reddish. Comments on taxonomy: The clear separation of F. tianshanica sp. n. from F. cunicularia and F. persica sp. n. has already been stated above (Fig. 17). It is unknown if there are contact areas with the Anatolian and Caucasian population of F. cunicularia. Distribution and biology: So far, only known from the North Iranian region of the Elburs Mountains between 48.5° to 56° E and 36.2° to 38.4° N, in a region with much precipitation (600 - 1500 mm per year). Altitudinal range from sea level up to 2300 metres. Occurs in highly diverse habitats from steppe, human settlements, rural areas, river sides, and frequently inside of forests. The forest sites are below 1000 metres and include deciduous and Juniperus forests.Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on pages 268-26
Aula 5 (15/10): Behaviorismo – Influências prévias (Schultz e Schultz)
No full textA caixa-problema de Thorndike Temas da aula: A aula trabalhará alguns precursores do Behaviorismo, especialmente Thorndike e Pavlov. Mostrará o exemplo da caixa-problema e outros experimentos correlatos, e fará uma introdução a Pavlov e ao reflexo condicionado. Texto trabalhado: Link: Schultz – Comportamentalismo – Influências anteriores. Schultz e Schultz. História da Psicologia Moderna. SP: Cultrix, 1996. Aula: Parte 1, assíncrona: Vídeo com apresentação do professor explic..
The first records of Stenobermuda Schultz, 1982 and Tenupedunculus Schultz, 1979 from Australia, with description of two new species from the Great Barrier Reef (Isopoda, Asellota, Stenetriidae)
No full textThe genera Tenupedunculus Schultz, 1982 and Stenobermuda Schultz, 1979 are recorded for the first time from beyond the Southern Ocean, at the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Tenupedunculus serrulatus sp. n. and Stenobermuda warooga sp. n. are described from Heron Island and Lizard Island respectively, both in the Great Barrier Reef. The genus Tenupedunculus is revised and a new diagnosis presented, with Tenupedunculus virginale Schultz, 1982, T. pulchrum (Schultz, 1982), and T. serrulatus sp. n. being retained within the genus, and the remaining species here regarded as Stenetriidae incertae sedis (eight species)
nutans
No full textMicroseris nutans (Hooker) Schultz-Bipontinusnodding microseris;nodding silverpuffs;nodding scorzonellamicroséris penchéMicroseris nutansRed Butte Canyon, Wasatch Range, East of Salt Lake City, north of reservoirSoutheast-facing slope, various grasses5410 feetRosa sp., Wyethia amplexicaulis, Balsamorhiza macrophylla, Lithospermum arvens
Coelopleurus exquisitus Coppard & Schultz, 2006, sp. nov.
No full textCoelopleurus exquisitus sp. nov. Figs. 1–5, table 1 a. Diagnosis: Long, highly curved primary spines that are banded red and palegreen for three quarters of their length distally (see Figs 1 A–C and 3 D–F). For the basal quarter of their length the spines blend from palegreen to lavender midway through the spine’s collar. The collar measures 18 % of the ambital primary spine’s length and has a prominent longitudinal dorsal ridge. Smaller longitudinal ridges are present on both the collar’s dorsal (Fig. 3 G) and ventral (Fig. 3 H) surface with granules between dorsal ridges. Secondary spines (Fig. 3 K) are either cream or olive green blending into red distally and tapering to a point. The test has large, straight edged, naked median interambulacral regions (Figs. 1 A and C, 2 A and F; 3 C) that start from the genital plates, and comprise 65 % of the width of the interambulacra measured at the ambitus. These naked median regions are purple in contrast to the test’s olive/light brown epithelium, with each median region having a pinkish/lavender undulating line that continues to the lower element of the fifth plate from above. The peristome is large (Figs. 1 B and 2 B), measuring 56 % of the test’s horizontal diameter. The auricles are robust, with moderately high processes (Fig. 2 E). The aboral ophicephalous pedicellariae have stalks that are not distinctly swollen or ‘fleshy’ (Fig. 3 L). The distal and proximal regions of the ophicephalous valves are equal in length and are slightly constricted above the adductor muscle insertion points (Fig. 4 H and I). Holotype: EcEh 1281, MNHNParisEchinoderms, N. O. “Vauban” MUSORSTOM 4, St. DW 181 350 m, 18 ° 57 ’S 163 ° 22 ’E, New Caledonia, C. Vadon Coll. 18 th September, 1985. Paratypes: fifteen specimens; fourteen specimens in MNHNParisEchinoderms (EcEh 1282), N. O. “Vauban” MUSORSTOM 4, St. DW 181 350 m, 18 ° 57 ’S 163 ° 22 ’E, New Caledonia, C. Vadon Coll. 18 th September, 1985. One specimen in the Natural History Museum, London, registration number (NHM 2006.599). Other material: Five specimens (unregistered) MNHNParisEchinoderms, N. O. “JeanCharcot” BIOCAL, St. DW 50 240–260 m, 23 ° 07’ South, 167 ° 54 ’ East, New Caledonia, Guille and Menau Collection, 31 th August 1985; Registration No. J 20052 Sydney Museum collection,, Coreolus Expedition, 23 ° 06’ South, 167 ° 05’ East, South of Isles of Pines, New Caledonia, at a depth of 520 m. Etymology: After the exquisite coloured markings on the test and spines. Description: The test is subcircular (Figs. 1 A, 2 A and E) (not distinctly pentagonal as in C. maillardi see tables 1 a and 1 b) with a horizontal diameter of 32.5 mm (holotype) and is moderately inflated adapically with a vertical diameter of 17.8 mm. The ambulacra are slightly raised aborally (Fig. 2 C) while the interambulacra are correspondingly slightly sunken (Fig. 2 D). The base colour of the epithelium of the test is olive/light brown (Fig. 1 A), these regions being white on the denuded test (see Fig. 2 A–E). The apical system is small (9.0 mm) and dicyclic (see Figs. 2 A and 3 A) with all ocular plates exsert. The genital plates are proportionally large, with ophicephalous pedicellariae on their inner edge (Fig. 3 A). The attachment points for the ophicephalous pedicellariae are small granules on the denuded test (Fig. 2 A). The genital plates and ocular plates are brightly coloured. The points of the ocular and genital plates are pink with a lavender central region in contrast to the orange terminal plates of the outer series of the interambulacra and the olive/light brown (white on naked test) of the ambulacra. The genital pores are small and are encompassed on the genital plates by a purple Ushaped region that forms the top of the purple naked region of each interambulacrum. The periproct on the holotype measures 4.8 mm (approximately 15 % of the test’s horizontal diameter) and has four equally sized, valvelike, triangular plates. These are cream in colour, and fill the periproct (Fig. 3 A). The ambulacra are slightly inflated, the adradial edges undulating (Fig. 3 B) as the ambulacra expand towards the ambitus and decreasing in size towards the peristome. Plating on the ambulacra is formed of typical arbaciid triads (compound plates formed of three plates), each triad possessing a large primary tubercle with an imperforate mamelon, the areole forming a raised platform on the plate, with two series of primary tubercles in each ambulacrum. The uppermost ambulacral plates bear a primary tubercle only on one side (i.e. in one series). On the plate immediately beneath the ambitus the primary tubercles on the ambulacra and interambulacra are of equal size (Fig. 2 C and D). Adapically the areoles are confluent, but from the compound plate directly above the ambitus to the peristome there is a narrow median region which has a series of secondary tubercles, interspaced with miliary tubercles (Fig. 3 B). These increase in number adorally. There are no secondary or miliary tubercles in the porezones above the ambitus, while miliary tubercles are present in the porezones beneath the ambitus. The ambulacra are olive/light brown (Fig. 1 A), while on the naked test the ambulacra are white with orange median lines (Figs. 2 C and 3 B), which begin from the fourth primary tubercle and bisect the median region continuing to the apex of the test adorally. The interambulacra are broader than the ambulacra at the ambitus (Figs. 3 B and C) with a ratio of 1.5:1.0. The interambulacra are characterized by large naked median regions (Figs. 2 D and 3 C). These are purple and sharply defined both in colour (bordered by olive lines with red dots on the adradial edge of the lower corner of each plate) and by small straight edged adradial ridges. This naked region comprises 65 % of the width of the interambulacra measured at the ambitus. A pinkish/lavender undulating line proceeds down the centre of each naked median region, which increases in the width of the undulation towards the ambitus. The purple colouration starts from the genital plates and is clearly defined to the sixth plate from above (Fig. 3 C). The purple colour faintly continues beyond the naked region towards the peristome, but not in the midline between the two series of tubercles beneath the ambitus (Fig. 3 C). There are no primary tubercles in the naked median regions on the first four plates adapically. One or two secondary tubercles are present on the adambital and lower adradial edges of the fourth plates. On the fifth plate there are several secondary tubercles and a small primary tubercle, which lacks a large areole. The sixth plate (at or just below the ambitus depending on which series is being observed) has a large primary tubercle, equal in size and structure to those in the same region on the ambulacra. There are 6–7 primary tubercles in each of two main series of primary tubercles, which gradually decrease in size towards the peristome. The median region between these two series is relatively narrow with a single series of secondary tubercles and miliary tubercles on either side. Three distinctive red ‘dots’ are present in the suture line between the central elements of plates 5 and 6 in one series and plate 5 in the second series (Fig. 3 C). These correspond to the positions of three red secondary spines. An outer series of tubercles extends from the peristome to the apical disc, which become increasingly oblique and reduced in number adapically. Such tubercles on the naked test appear white in the upper element of each compound plate and red in the lower element appearing as red patches in olive lines that border the naked median regions. These red tubercles increase in number with a single tubercle in the lower corner of plate 1, 2 in the lower corner of plate 2, with a maximum of three in an oblique series in the lower corner of plate 3. The peristome is subcircular (Fig. 2 B and E) and on the holotype measures 17.4 mm in diameter, 56 % of the test horizontal diameter. The peristomial membrane is dark brown with five pairs of buccal tube feet (Fig. 1 B). Each pair being distinctly separated from the next and closely surrounded by large numbers of ophicephalous pedicellariae. A few scattered ophicephalous pedicellariae occur across the peristomial membrane, which is otherwise naked. The buccal notches are shallow but distinct while the gilltags proceed to the midpoint of the fourth ambulacral primary tubercle (Fig. 2 B). The auricles have moderately high processes and are robust in appearance (Fig. 2 E). Primary spines occur in three forms (see Figs. 3 DJ). The most adapical large primary spines (the first large tubercles on the ambulacra) are moderately curved and almost cylindrical except for the laterally compressed ridge, which proceeds up one third of the spine’s dorsal length (Fig. 3 F). These spines are banded red and palegreen for three quarters of their length distally. For the basal quarter of their length the spines blend from palegreen to lavender. This colouration occurs on all sides of the spine. The collar of the spine does not distinctly end, as ridges and furrows occur along the spine’s total length and are clearly visible when seen in crosssection (Fig. 4 B). Granules occur between the ridges, most noticeably proximally, but also along the spine’s length both dorsally and ventrally. The tips of these spines are slightly rounded, but without an obvious hyalinecap. The spines are subcircular when viewed in crosssection with distinct ridges and furrows, which proceed longitudinally down the spine’s length. The internal structure (Fig. 4 B) consists of a small central cavity (which comprises 27 % of the spine’s diameter), a large region of dense stereom and an outer dermis. The central cavity is comprised of an axial cavity, which is filled with loosely reticulated stereom and 12–14 radiating solid wedges. These project into and through the dense stereom. The dermis is thin and rough in texture, but nonverticillate. The second form of primary spine start on the fifth ambulacral tubercle and the second interambulacral tubercle beneath the naked median region and continue down to the apex of the test. These primary aboral spines are highly curved (Fig. 3 D and E), and flattened both laterally and ventrally above the collar. On their upper surface these spines have the same colouration as the adapical primaries, however, on their underside the spines are typically white (Fig. 1 B), with occasionally a faint impression of the pattern observed on the dorsal surface. The longest primary spines in this species are of this form and on the holotype the longest spine measures 76.2 mm (2.3 times the test’s horizontal diameter) but does not have the tip present. The collar is well defined and typically measures 18 % of the spine’s total length with distinct longitudinal furrows and ridges on the underside (Fig. 3 H), and granules and a few ridges on the dorsal surface (Fig. 3 G). In crosssection the spines are triangular with a convex ventral surface. Their internal structure consists of a small central cavity, which comprises 23 % of the spine’s horizontal diameter, a large, dense region of stereom and a relatively thick epidermis. The central zone is composed of an axial cavity, which is filled with loosely reticulated stereom and 12–14 radiating solid wedges. These project into the dense stereom region. The epidermis is smooth continuing from the spine’s tip to the spine’s collar. The third form of primary spine is present on the oral surface. They are short (typically not longer than 15 mm) and dorsoventrally flattened (Figs. 3 I and J; 4 C). On their dorsal surface they are light green with a central ridge (Figs. 3 I and 4 C), while their ventral surface (Fig. 3 J) is white and smooth. The collar is well defined, measuring 18 % of the spine’s length, with distinct ridges dorsally and ventrally. These spines are almost diamondshaped when viewed in crosssection (Fig. 4 C). Their internal structure is similar to the ambital spines but compressed dorsoventrally. However, the axial cavity is proportionally larger (33 % of the spine’s diameter), filled with loosely reticulated stereom and has short radiating solid wedges which typically number from 12–14. The dense stereom is well developed and continues between the dorsal and ventral solid wedges. The epidermis is thick and smooth and continues down the spine’s length to the collar. Secondary spines (Fig. 3 K and 4 D) are slender and pointed (not clubshaped) either red proximally blending into green distally or cream with longitudinal ridges. These spines are circular in crosssection with a large central cavity (relative to the primary spines) measuring 55 % of the spine’s diameter, which consists of a small axial cavity filled with loosely reticulated stereom and 12–14 solid wedges. The region of dense stereom is proportionally smaller than in the primary spines, while the epidermis is rough (but nonverticillate) and thin. Miliary spines are similar in colour to secondary spines but lack the longitudinal ridges. Ophicephalous pedicellariae (Figs. 3 L and 4 E, H and I) are abundant all over the test surface. These are particularly noticeable around the periproct (Fig. 3 A) and along the adradial edges of the ambulacra. The stalks of the ophicephalous pedicellariae are relatively long (typically 1.5 mm), the skin of the stalk being only very slightly swollen proximally (Figs. 3 L and 4 E). The neck of each pedicellaria is short but is not distinctly swollen, indicating the absence of glandular tissue in this region. The distal and proximal regions are of approximately equal length, with peripheral teeth present both along the edges of the valves and along the edges of the apophyses (Figs. 4 H and I). These interlock when the valves are closed. The distal regions are constricted, the degree of constriction varying from being very constricted (Fig. 4 H) to moderately constricted (Fig. 4 I) on a single sea urchin. Both specimens illustrated (Figs. 4 H and I) were removed from the aboral surface of the holotype. Ophicephalous pedicellariae are also abundant on the oral surface. These are particularly noticeable around the peristome, the valves of which are only slightly constricted. All ophicephalous pedicellariae in this species exhibit very developed proximal handles, which increase grasping pressure (Mortensen, 1935) and are typical of this class of pedicellaria. The tridentate pedicellariae have long narrow valves (Figs. 3 M, 4 F and J) which meet for their entire length. Peripheral teeth are present along the edges of the valves, which interlock. The neck of each pedicellaria is narrow and relatively short, and is attached to a relatively long (approximately 1.5 mm) and narrow stalk. Tridentate pedicellariae are abundant on the aboral surface particularly around the adapical region of the ambulacra, and are typical of the genus. Triphyllous pedicellariae are less numerous than the other two classes in this species, and have a small head supported by a relative long, broad neck on a proportionally (in relation to the size of the valves) long stalk (Figs. 3 N and 4 G). The valves are broad and spoonshaped with small peripheral teeth along the edges of the valves which interlock when the head of the pedicellaria is closed. This form of pedicellaria is distributed all over the test in small numbers but provide no speciesspecific characters.Published as part of Coppard, Simon E. & Schultz, Heinke A. G., 2006, A new species of Coelopleurus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Arbaciidae) from New Caledonia, pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 1281 on pages 4-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17339
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