5,774 research outputs found
State of Utah v. Joseph B. Schultz : Brief of Appellant
No full textAPPEAL FROM A MEMORANDUM DECISION OF THE HONORABLE STANTON MJ TAYLOR, JUDGE OF THE SECOND DISTRICT COURT, REFUSING TO SET ASIDE A CIVIL JUDGMENT ENTERED AGAINST MR. SCHULTZ IN A CRIMINAL PROCEEDING
Mechanical ventilation strategies for the surgical patient
No full textPurpose of review To summarize clinical evidence for intraoperative ventilation settings, which could protect against postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in surgical patients with uninjured lungs. Recent findings There is convincing evidence for protection against PPCs by low tidal volumes: benefit was found in several randomized controlled trials, and was recently confirmed in meta-analyses. Evidence for protection against PPCs by high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is less definite. Although benefit was found in several randomized controlled trials, most of them compared a bundle of low tidal volume and high level of PEEP with conventional ventilation; one recent large randomized controlled trial that compared high with low levels of PEEP showed that ventilation with high level of PEEP did not protect against PPCs but caused intraoperative complications instead. A recent individual patient data meta-analysis of trials comparing bundles of low tidal volume and high levels of PEEP to conventional intraoperative ventilation suggested that protection against PPCs comes from tidal volume reductions, and not from increasing levels of PEEP. Summary The understanding on the protective roles of tidal volume and PEEP settings against PPCs has rapidly expanded. During intraoperative ventilation, low tidal volumes are protective, the protective role of high levels of PEEP is uncertai
Mechanical ventilation in neurocritical care patients: a systematic literature review
No full textAbstract:
Background: Neurocritical care (NCC) patients often require prolonged mechanical
ventilation, and they are at high risk of respiratory complications. Therefore, the potential
benefit role of protective lung ventilation (PLV), which demonstrated to reduce
postoperative complications in patients with acute distress respiratory syndrome, has been
suggested even on NCC patients. However, PLV can increase intracranial pressure as
result of permissive hypercapnia and of high airway pressures during recruitment
maneuvers.
Objectives: The aim of this review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42015027011)
is to describe the ventilatory strategies, and in particular PLV, commonly used in NCC
patients.
Methods/Study eligibility criteria: We selected a total of 16 clinical studies, searching on
PubMed and EMBASE databases, reporting original information on the MV on patients
receiving NCC after acute brain injury, published in the last 10 years, in English language.
Limitations: some of the included studies report data on a limited sample size.
Results and conclusions: the use of PLV techniques (PEEP, recruitment maneuvers, etc)
in NCC patients is controversial. There is a wide variability among different centers in the
treatment strategies and respiratory management of NCC patients, and there is the need
for shared diagnostics and therapeutic studies, in order to improve the patients’ outcome.
Keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome, protective ventilation, neurocritical care,
recruitment maneuvers, intracranial pressure
Self-compression of 4.9 µm pulses to sub-40 fs with 2 mJ energy in Zinc Sulfide
No full textNonlinear self-compression of few-cycle multi-mJ pulses at 4.9 µm in ZnS is presented. 80 fs input pulses are compressed to 37 fs with 2.1 mJ energy at a 1 kHz repetition rate. © 2024 The Author(s
Ventilator-induced coagulopathy in experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia
No full textPneumonia, the main cause of acute lung injury, is characterised by a local pro-inflammatory response and coagulopathy. Mechanical ventilation (MV) is often required. However, MV can lead to additional injury: so-called ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Therefore, the current authors investigated the effect of VILI on alveolar fibrin turnover in Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Pneumonia was induced in rats, followed 48 h later by either lung-protective MV (lower tidal volumes (LVT) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)) or MV causing VILI (high tidal volumes (HVT) and zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP)) for 3 h. Nonventilated pneumonia rats and healthy rats served as controls. Thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TATc), as a measure for coagulation, and plasminogen activator activity, as a measure of fibrinolysis, were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum. Pneumonia was characterised by local (BALF) activation of coagulation, resulting in elevated TATc levels and attenuation of fibrinolysis compared with healthy controls. LVT-PEEP did not Influence alveolar coagulation or fibrinolysis. HVT-ZEEP did intensity the local procoagulant response: TATc levels rose significantly and levels of the main inhibitor of fibrinolysis, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, increased significantly. HVT-ZEEP also resulted in systemic elevation of TATc compared with LVT-PEEP. Mechanical ventilation causing ventilator-induced lung injury increases pulmonary coagulopathy in an animal model of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia and results in systemic coagulopathy
Correction to: Chamoun et al., Bacterial pathogenesis and interleukin-17: interconnecting mechanisms of immune regulation, host genetics, and microbial virulence that influence severity of infection
No full textChamoun MN, Blumenthal A, Sullivan MJ, Schembri MA, Ulett GC. 2018. Bacterial pathogenesis and interleukin-17: interconnecting mechanisms of immune regulation, host genetics, and microbial virulence that influence severity of infection. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2018.1426556.
When the above article was first published online, the below three corrections were missed.
The author ‘Antje Blumenthal’ was wrongly affiliated to the affiliation “cSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia”. Now this affiliation has been removed for this author.
The affiliation ‘bTranslational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia’ of the author ‘Antje Blumenthal’ should read ‘bThe University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia’.
In Table 3, the sentence ‘Benefit of manipulating IL-17 levels to improve immunization strategies M. tuberculosis’ should read “Benefit of manipulating IL-17 levels to improve immunization strategies against M. tuberculosis”.No Full Tex
Generation of 22-mJ, 2.0-ps Pulses from a 1-kHz Ho:YLF Regenerative Chirped Pulse Amplifier
No full textWe report a CW-pumped Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier (RA) delivering pulses with 22.5-mJ energy and 2.0-ps duration at 1 kHz. The RA emitting at 2051 nm is broadband-seeded and implemented in a chirped pulse amplification system. © 2024 The Author(s
In situ 64Cu Doppler-broadening positron-annihilation methods for elevated temperature study of defect formation in metals formation in metals
No full textDoppler-broadening positron-annihilation-spectroscopy experiment that utilizes an in situ Cu-64 source for the study of Cu and Cu-containing materials is described. This technique is particularly useful for the investigation of defect structure at elevated temperatures, and the present instrumentation provides reliable results up to about 1000 degrees C. The method described is applicable to Cu-containing samples with as little as about 0.1 at.% Cu. Results from measurements on a single crystal of elemental Cu are compared with literature results obtained using other positron-annihilation methods and electrical-resistivity studies.PT: J; CR: BERGER AS, 1979, J PHYS F MET PHYS, V9, P1023 CAMPBELL JL, 1977, APPL PHYS, V13, P365 DANNEFAER S, 1975, NUCL INSTRUM METHODS, V131, P119 DUNLAP RA, 1988, CAN J PHYS, V66, P476 DUNLAP RA, 1988, EXPT PHYSICS MODERN FLUSS MJ, 1980, J PHYS F MET PHYS, V10, P1763 FUKUSHIMA H, 1976, J PHYS F MET PHYS, V6, P677 JACKMAN TE, 1974, APPL PHYS, V5, P259 LAWTHER DW, 1990, J PHYS-CONDENS MAT, V2, P6239 LAWTHER DW, 1993, J NON-CRYST SOLIDS, V153, P611 LAWTHER DW, 1993, KEY ENG MATER, V81, P95 LAWTHER DW, 1994, PHYS REV B, V49, P3183 LICHTENBERGER PC, 1975, THESIS U WATERLOO WA MACKENZIE IK, 1967, PHYS REV LETT, V19, P946 MACKENZIE IK, 1970, PHYS LETT A, V33, P279 MACKENZIE IK, 1980, NUOVO CIMENTO B, V58, P162 MACKENZIE IK, 1983, POSITRON SOLID STATE, P196 MCKEE BTA, 1967, THESIS DALHOUSIE U H RICEEVANS P, 1976, J PHYS F MET PHYS, V6, P1079 RYAN DE, 1987, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V200, P89 SCHAEFER HE, 1987, VACANCIES INTERSTIT, P117 SCHULTZ PJ, 1981, CAN J PHYS, V59, P325 SCHULTZ PJ, 1988, REV MOD PHYS, V60, P701 SEGERS D, 1988, PHYS LETT A, V133, P455 SIEGEL RW, 1980, ANNU REV MATER SCI, V10, P393; NR: 25; TC: 0; J9: CAN J PHYS; PG: 7; GA: RD935Source type: Electronic(1
Plasma levels of surfactant protein D and KL-6 for evaluation of lung injury in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients
No full textAbstract Background Preventing ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) has become pivotal in mechanical ventilation of patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the present study we investigated whether plasma levels of lung-specific biological markers can be used to evaluate lung injury in patients with ALI/ARDS and patients without lung injury at onset of mechanical ventilation. Methods Plasma levels of surfactant protein D (SP-D), Clara Cell protein (CC16), KL-6 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) were measured in plasma samples obtained from 36 patients - 16 patients who were intubated and mechanically ventilated because of ALI/ARDS and 20 patients without lung injury at the onset of mechanical ventilation and during conduct of the study. Patients were ventilated with either a lung-protective strategy using lower tidal volumes or a potentially injurious strategy using conventional tidal volumes. Levels of biological markers were measured retrospectively at baseline and after 2 days of mechanical ventilation. Results Plasma levels of CC16 and KL-6 were higher in ALI/ARDS patients at baseline as compared to patients without lung injury. SP-D and sRAGE levels were not significantly different between these patients. In ALI/ARDS patients, SP-D and KL-6 levels increased over time, which was attenuated by lung-protective mechanical ventilation using lower tidal volumes (P = 0.02 for both biological markers). In these patients, with either ventilation strategy no changes over time were observed for plasma levels of CC16 and sRAGE. In patients without lung injury, no changes of plasma levels of any of the measured biological markers were observed. Conclusion Plasma levels of SP-D and KL-6 rise with potentially injurious ventilator settings, and thus may serve as biological markers of VALI in patients with ALI/ARDS.</p
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