30 research outputs found
Mapping nanoscale domain patterns in ferroelectric ceramics by atomic force acoustic microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy
No full textIn this paper, nanoscale domain patterns of ferroelectric ceramics were investigated by both piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) and atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) in the same scanning area. The domain patterns imaged by both the single-frequency AFAM and resonance-tracking AFAM are comparable to that by PFM. Meanwhile, using AFAM, the subsurface domain structures can be observed and quantitative nanomechanical mapping of domains was also realized. Finally, we suggest that PFM plus AFAM should be the best choice for characterization of ferroelectric domains.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000313016400027&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Engineering, Electrical & ElectronicMaterials Science, MultidisciplinaryPhysics, AppliedEICPCI-S(ISTP)
Guidelines on pediatric dosing on the basis of developmental physiology and harmacokinetic considerations
No full textMapping nanoscale domain patterns in ferroelectric ceramics by atomic force acoustic microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy
No full textIn this paper, nanoscale domain patterns of ferroelectric ceramics were investigated by both atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). First, we applied the dual frequency resonance tracking (DFRT) technique on AFAM and realized nanoscale modulus mapping. Then we comparatively mapped the nanoscale domain patterns in a PZT ceramics using PFM, single-frequency AFAM, and DFRT AFAM in the same scanning area. Results show that PFM can give the best contrast domain patterns and is not sensitive to cantilever stiffness. In comparison, both modes of AFAM are sensitive to cantilever stiffness and can give good contrast of domains only using very stiff cantilevers. Furthermore, both modes of AFAM can map the subsurface domain structures and the grain boundaries clearly while PFM usually cannot. Based on the resonance-frequency image obtained by the DFRT AFAM, we also obtained the nanoscale modulus of the whole scanning area which may help understand the possible domain movement under mechanical or electric fields. Finally, we suggest that, to characterize the nanoscale domain properties in ferroelectrics, PFM plus resonance tracking AFAM is the best choice. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLCPhysics, AppliedSCI(E)EICPCI-S(ISTP)
Guidelines on pediatric dosing on the basis of developmental physiology and harmacokinetic considerations
No full textGuidelines on paediatric dosing on the basis of developmental physiology and pharmacokinetic considerations
No full textKindvriendelijke geneesmiddelen
No full textVan Riet-Nales DA, Doeve ME, Nicia AE, Teerenstra S, Notenboom K, Hekster YA, et al. The accuracy, precision and sustainability of different techniques for tablet subdivision: breaking by hand and the use of tablet splitters or a kitchen knife. Int J Pharm 2014;466:44-51.Abstract Van Riet-Nales DA, Schobben AFAM, Vromans H, Egberts ACG, Rademaker CMA. Child-friendly medicines. Huisarts Wet 2017;60(1):15-9. Adequate drug treatment in children implies the use of an appropriate medicine, in the correct dose and in a formulation that the child can and will accept. For a long time, little was known about the relationship between aspects related to the drug product design, such as the type of the dosage form, the excipients, the instructions for use, and treatment outcomes in children. Moreover, the currently available medicines may cause problems. This PhD research project investigated child-friendly medicines. Findings showed that medicines are not always licensed or appropriate for children, and that there are differences in drug form of different brands containing the same active ingredient, such as bromhexine syrups with or without alcohol. Young children can be treated not only with liquids and powders, but also, and perhaps even better, with small mini-tablets. This PhD study showed that parents often administer medicines in an incorrect manner, for example by mixing a mini-tablet or powder with food or liquid on a spoon. This occurs more often if the child does not readily take the medicine. As many tablet cutters do not cut tablets into equal halves, scored tablets can best be broken manually
Mechanisms of penetration of the mucus blanket by entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, 1987
No full textEntamoeba histoiytica trophozoites must enzymatically degrade or physically penetrate the intestinal mucus blanket when this parasite changes from a commensal to an invasive enteropathogen. When axenically cultivated E. histolytica trophozoites, strain HM-1:ImsS, were inoculat ed into rat colon, the motility of amebae attached to mucus fragments was decreased and those free in luminal fluid increased. In the mucus glycoprotein, mucin, ameba motility was increased at low concentrations and decreased at high concentrations. Of the three mucin end group carbo hydrates, N-acetylneuraminic acid stimulated motility, L-fucose was inhibitory and N-acetylgalactosamine was slightly inhibitory, but only at high concentrations. N-acetylneuramin-lactose and mucin, which are N-acetylneuraminic acid containing compounds, stimulated ameba motility. E. histolytica was found to possess a membrane associated neuraminidase, with a pH optimum of 6.7. More than 50% of the enzyme was localized on the plasma membrane. Both ameba neuraminidase activity and motility required Ca++ and were inhibited by cytochalasin D. This microfilament disruptor caused redistribution of neuraminidase and two other membrane associated enzymes, Ca++-ATPase and p-nitrophenyl phosphatase from the plasma membrane to intracellular membranes. The ameba was also found to possess a soluble type 1 N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase with pH optimum of 7.4. When the force required for ameba to physically penetrate rat mucus was measured, results suggested that the trophozoites could penetrate rat cecal mucus but not colonic mucus. Due to differences in the physical properties of mucus in different parts of the intestine and the role of N-acetylneuraminic acid in determining the rate of mucin degradation by bacteria, it is postulated that E^ histolytica trophozoites may either enzymatically degrade or physically penetrate the mucus blanket when invading the large intestine
The use of indomethacin to demonstrate an enterotoxic activity in extracts of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, 1982
No full textAxenically cultured Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites of the pathogenic strain HM-1 were harvested in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The cells were disrupted with ultrasonic energy, centrifuged, and the supernatant fluid tested for enterotoxic activity in the i[n vivo rabbit ileum loop .and-the rat proximal colon loop. This HM-1 extract, equivalent to 106 trophozoites/ml, had no effect on intestinal absorption in either animal model, but secretion resulted in both preparations when indomethacin (0.1 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously to reduce cytoprotection. In the rat colon a lower dose of indomethacin was ineffective in allowing the ameba preparation to cause frank secretion, while higher doses, 1 and 10 mg/kg, directly inhibited this secretory response. In the absence of indomethacin, a preparation equivalent to 107 trophozoites/ml reduced colonic absorption without producing secretion, while a preparation of 107 trophozoites/ml of the non-pathogenic E_. histolytica-like Laredo strain was ineffective even in the presence of 0.1 mg/kg indomethacin. The HM-1 enterotoxic activity was heat labile. Prior exposure of the loop lumen to fetuin (100 wg/ml) blocked the secretory response to subsequent enterotoxin exposure in indotnethacin-treated animals. Fetuin inhibition of secretion could not be reversed by inoculating the loop with fresh trophozoite extract at hourly intervals for 4 hours
Poeta ludens: Juego y humor en la poesía de Virgilio
No full textEl objetivo de este trabajo es examinar elementos de juego y humor en la poesía de Virgilio. La tesis central del estudio no es que Virgilio era un autor alegre, ni que su obra deba interpretarse en clave menor. El trabajo no se propone ofrecer una nueva interpretación de conjunto; lo que se pretende, simplemente, es completar y enriquecer la imagen tradicional. Esta imagen, que nos presenta a un Virgilio invariablemente grave y serio, incluso hierático, no se corresponde con la totalidad de la obra del poeta mantuano. Para mostrarlo, el estudio ofrece una discusión de pasajes virgilianos en los que despuntan elementos de juego y humor. El cuerpo central de la obra se estructura en cuatro partes. En el primer capítulo se presenta la problemática del humor y se definen los conceptos centrales del estudio. A continuación se dedica un capítulo a cada una de las tres obras canónicas de Virgilio: Églogas, Geórgicas y Eneida.The aim of this dissertation is to examine elements of play and humour in the poetry of Virgil. The central thesis is not that Virgil was a light-hearted author, nor that his work should be interpreted in a lighter vein. The work does not intend to offer a new global interpretation of Virgil’s oeuvre; the aim is simply to complete and enrich the traditional image. This image, which presents an invariably grave and serious –even hieratical– author, does not correspond to the totality of Virgil’s work. To show this, the study offers a discussion of Virgilian passages illuminated with play and humour. The main body of the work is divided into four parts. In the first chapter, the concept of humour is analysed and the central ideas of the study are defined. This is followed by three chapters, one devoted to each of Virgil’s three canonical works: the Eclogues, the Georgics and the Aeneid
SCENIC SPECTACLES AND AUGUSTUS’ DRAMA POLITICS IN SUETONIUS’VITA AUGUSTI
No full textAl llarg de les Vitae XII Caesarum les referències de Suetoni al món de l’espectacle teatral i a les relacions d’aquest amb els principes són contínues. L’abundància de notícies de tipus anecdòtic és un dels trets característics del gènere biogràfic i, per tant, de les Vitae suetonianes; ens proporcionen una informació detallada sobre aspectes personals dels emperadors que no té cabuda en altres generes, com la historiografia analítica. D’altra banda, la presència d’aquesta mena de notícies en les Vitae i la seva distribució al llarg de l’obra no és casual, tal com han demostrat diversos estudis sobre l’obra suetoniana, sinó que respon a l’esquema del tot intencionat de Suetoni de modelar subtilment la psicologia dels seus personatges mitjançant anècdotes que, com petites pinzellades, contribueixen a perfilar la seva figura. En aquest treball ens proposem analitzar la Vita Divi Augusti de Suetoni a fi de descobrir quins mecanismes usa el biògraf per afaiçonar la imatge del primer emperador de Roma a partir de les referències als espectacles i al món teatrals, parant atenció especialment al mim i la pantomima.Throughout the Vitae XII Caesarum references to theatrical performances and the relation between performers and principes are constant. The abundance of anecdotal information is one of the defining traits of ancient biography and, thus, of the Suetonian Vitae; they provide us with detailed information on the intimacy of the emperors which cannot be found in other genres, for instance in the annalistic historiography. Moreover, the presence of this sort of news in the Vitae and its distribution throughout the work it is not due to chance, but, as some studies on theSuetonian production have shown, to the conscious determination of the author of subtlymodelling the psychology of its characters by means of anecdotes which contribute to shape their figures. In this work we aim to analyse Suetonius’ Vita Divi Augusti in order to discover the procedure used by the biographer to outline the personality of the first Roman emperor from the references to the performances and theatrical artists, with special attention to both mime and pantomime.Throughout the Vitae XII Caesarum references to theatrical performances and the relation between performers and principes are constant. The abundance of anecdotal information is one of the defining traits of ancient biography and, thus, of the Suetonian Vitae; they provide us with detailed information on the intimacy of the emperors which cannot be found in other genres, for instance in the annalistic historiography. Moreover, the presence of this sort of news in the Vitae and its distribution throughout the work it is not due to chance, but, as some studies on the Suetonian production have shown, to the conscious determination of the author of subtly modelling the psychology of its characters by means of anecdotes which contribute to shape their figures. In this work we aim to analyse Suetonius’ Vita Divi Augusti in order to discover the procedure used by the biographer to outline the personality of the first Roman emperor from the references to the performances and theatrical artists, with special attention to both mime and pantomime
