1,721,211 research outputs found
New in pathogenesis: relationships between allergen concentration in induction and elizitation of allergic contact eczema
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Genetik der Kontaktallergie
No full textThe genetics of contact allergy (CA) is still only partly understood, despite decades of research. This might be due to inadequately defined phenotypes used in the past. Therefore we suggested studying an extreme phenotype, namely, polysensitization (sensitization to 3 or more unrelated allergens). Another approach to unravel the genetics of CA has been the study of candidate genes. In this review, we summarize studies on the associations between genetic variation (e. g. SNPs) in certain candidate genes and CA. The following polymorphisms and mutations were studied: (1) filaggrin, (2) N-acetyltransferase (NAT1 and 2), (3) glutathione-S-transferase (GST M and T), (4) manganese superoxide dismutase, (5) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), (6) tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and (7) interleukin-16 (IL16). The polymorphisms of NAT1/2, GST M/T, ACE, TNF, and IL16 were shown to be associated with an increased risk of CA. In one of our studies, the increased risk conferred by the TNF and IL16 polymorphisms was confined to polysensitized individuals. Other relevant candidate genes may be identified by studying diseases related to CA in terms of clinical symptoms, a more general pathology (inflammation) and possibly an overlapping genetic background, such as irritant contact dermatitis
Patch testing with the DKG Baseline Series - a retrospective
No full textThe diagnosis of contact sensitization relies on patch testing. The selection of allergens to be applied is a crucial aspect. In principle, those (and only those) allergens should be tested which can be regarded as suspects based on the individual patients history. However, suspicion does not only rely on individual history. Those allergens which have proven to be frequent sensitizers in large-scale patch test studies may be important in the case in question, too. This is the rationale of the Baseline series. These series are useful to diagnose contact sensitization which was initially not suspected based on the history. The composition of the Baseline series thus depends on the descriptive statistics of the most frequent contact sensitizers. This implies that the composition should adapt to a pattern of allergen exposure which may change over time and which may differ between countries. The Baseline series of the DKG underwent significant changes in the last 20 years. These comprise the inclusion of new allergens, the exclusion of obsolete allergens or the adaption of concentration or vehicle to new evidence. While there is a considerable amount of variation among the allergens included in the Baseline series, a certain set of allergens seems to be of secular importance. Previous and current analyses of the IVDK on the other hand show that the Baseline series only diagnoses about 42% of all contact sensitizations. Thus, in each case the application of additional test series should be contemplated. However, in times of dwindling health care resources it should be stressed that the application of the patch test Baseline series must be considered as the minimal standard and that according to Calnan: "The greatest abuse of patch testing is failure to use it"
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