1,224 research outputs found
Mechanisms of decompensation and organ failure in cirrhosis: From peripheral arterial vasodilation to systemic inflammation hypothesis
No full textThe peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis has been most influential in the field of cirrhosis and its complications. It has given rise to hundreds of pathophysiological studies in experimental and human cirrhosis and is the theoretical basis of life-saving treatments. It is undisputed that splanchnic arterial vasodilation contributes to portal hypertension and is the basis for manifestations such as ascites and hepatorenal syndrome, but the body of research generated by the hypothesis has revealed gaps in the original pathophysiological interpretation of these complications. The expansion of our knowledge on the mechanisms regulating vascular tone, inflammation and the host-microbiota interaction require a broader approach to advanced cirrhosis encompassing the whole spectrum of its manifestations. Indeed, multiorgan dysfunction and failure likely result from a complex interplay where the systemic spread of bacterial products represents the primary event. The consequent activation of the host innate immune response triggers endothelial molecular mechanisms responsible for arterial vasodilation, and also jeopardizes organ integrity with a storm of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Thus, the picture of advanced cirrhosis could be seen as the result of an inflammatory syndrome in contradiction with a simple hemodynamic disturbance
Weak Economy and Strong Currency - The Origins of the Strong Yen in the 1990s
No full textDuring the 1990’s the Japanese yen proved astonishingly strong despite the persisting recession. This paper tracks the origins of the high yen. It analyses the influence of interest rates, prices and foreign exchange policy on the yen-dollar exchange rate. It comes to the conclusion that real interest differentials can only explain short-term exchange rate changes. Since prices have been exerting their influence on the Japanese currency in the long run, the high yen is explained with deflation. The massive foreign exchange interventions of the 1990’s were only able to stop the appreciation temporarily, if they were unsterilized, but they had no lasting effects.Japan, Yen, Yen/Dollar Exchange Rate, Foreign Exchange Intervention
Violence et culture politique en Allemagne entre les deux guerres
No full textViolence and political culture in interwar Germany, Bernd Weisbrod.
The entire German political culture has since 1918 integrated the acceptation of violence. The author follows the fatal consequences of this failing in the Weimar period, through the action of the Freikorps (Corps francs), then under the Third Reich. The banalization of evil in Germany (H. Arendt) was also a characteristic of the political culture.Weisbrod Bernd. Violence et culture politique en Allemagne entre les deux guerres. In: Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire, n°34, avril-juin 1992. Histoires d'Allemagnes. pp. 113-125
Hepatic immune regulation and sex disparities
No full text: Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiology, clinical phenotype and response to therapies for gastrointestinal and liver diseases are commonly different between women and men due to sex-specific hormonal, genetic and immune-related factors. The hepatic immune system has unique regulatory functions that promote the induction of intrahepatic tolerance, which is key for maintaining liver health and homeostasis. In liver diseases, hepatic immune alterations are increasingly recognized as a main cofactor responsible for the development and progression of chronic liver injury and fibrosis. In this Review, we discuss the basic mechanisms of sex disparity in hepatic immune regulation and how these mechanisms influence and modify the development of autoimmune liver diseases, genetic liver diseases, portal hypertension and inflammation in chronic liver disease. Alterations in gut microbiota and their crosstalk with the hepatic immune system might affect the progression of liver disease in a sex-specific manner, creating potential opportunities for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to be evaluated in clinical trials. Finally, we identify and propose areas for future basic, translational and clinical research that will advance our understanding of sex disparities in hepatic immunity and liver disease
Long review of Bernd Heinrich\u27s A Year in the Maine Woods which praises the su
No full textLong review of Bernd Heinrich\u27s A Year in the Maine Woods which praises the subject matter and style of the naturalist\u27s investigations of Adams Hill near Weld. With a brief biography of the author
Exchange Rate Regime and Wage Determination in Central and Eastern Europe
No full textAfter the eastern enlargement of the European Union due to increasing labor market integration, wage determination and monetary integration in Central and Eastern Europe have become key issues in European economic policy making. Based on the Scandinavian model of wage adjustment by Lindbeck (1979), we intend to analyze the role of exchange rates in the wage determination process of the Central and Eastern European countries to identify which exchange rate strategy contributes to faster wage convergence in Europe. Panel estimations reveal a robust negative relationship between exchange rates and wage growth. This suggests that workers in countries with fixed exchange rates are likely to benefit from higher wage increases.wage policy, labor markets, exchange rate regime, Central and Eastern Europe
Corrigendum: Towards an understanding of global brain data governance: ethical positions that underpin global brain data governance discourse
No full textIn the published article, there was an error in the author list arrangement, the corrected author list appears below. Paschal Ochang1*, Damian Eke1 and Bernd Carsten Stahl1,2 The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated
Perspektiven einer theologischen Disziplin
No full textReferring to Habermas' »structural transformation of the public sphere«, written in 1962, the author describes the characteristics of »public sphere« and deals with the current function and challenges of religious education. Religious education is understood as both the practice of teaching religion and a theory in the framework of theology and is meant to be of public interest from the public's viewpoint as well as from a religious view of the world
Nutzen von Bildungsberatung: konzeptionelle Eckpunkte vor dem Hintergrund britischer Forschungsergebnisse
No full textFirstly, the author explores the terminological field covering the outcome of educational counselling and develops beneficial dimensions, which are visualised as a network. The author stimulates the German discussion with methodological topics and research results originating in British evaluations. Scientific studies used to confirm the positive effects of educational counselling. Finally the report suggests an agenda for researching the benefits in the field of counselling in continuing education.Da Politik -zumal in der Bildung- zunehmend evidenzbasiert agieren möchte, wächst der Bedarf an belastbaren Indikatoren für Nutzen und Wirksamkeit von Investitionen. Diese Diskussion wird auch auf die Weiterbildungsberatung zukommen. Da der Diskurs um Nutzenarten von Beratung hierzulande noch ganz am Anfang steht, hat sich Bernd Käpplinger in Großbritannien umgesehen und von dort Anregungen geholt, die er in die Skizzierung von Nutzendimensionen von Weiterbildungsberatung einfließen lässt
Bernd Fabritius: Rotkäppchen, was trägst du unter der Schürze? Geschlechterbilder im Märchen. Marburg: Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag, 2010
No full textAus geschlechterpädagogischer und soziologischer Perspektive durchleuchtet Bernd Fabritius in seiner knappen Monographie die Beziehungen von weiblichen und männlichen Charakteren in Märchen. Anhand verschiedener Versionen des Rotkäppchen-Motives analysiert er, wie in diesen reale Geschlechterverhältnisse und -rollen widergespiegelt werden und welche erzieherischen Funktionen die Märchen haben. Der Autor fragt danach, wie eine sinnvolle pädagogische Nutzung von Märchen aus heutiger Sicht aussehen soll.In his concise monograph, Bernd Fabritius examines the relationships of female and male fairy tale characters from a gender pedagogical and a sociological perspective. Using several versions of the Little Red Riding Hood motif, he analyzes how these reflect actual gender relations and gender roles and he also investigates the educational function of the fairy tales. Afterwards, the author asks what a valuable pedagogical use of fairy tales should look like from a present-day perspective
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