3,258 research outputs found
Neuroticism as a moderator of direct and mediated relationships between introversion-extraversion and well-being
No full textAmong personality traits, extraversion has received major theoretical and empirical attention as predictor of subjective well-being (SWB), whereas the role of emotional stability-neuroticism has been partially neglected. The present study aims to study the role of neuroticism in the relationship between introversion-extraversion and SWB. In particular, we explored if the trait of neuroticism moderates the relationships between introversion-extraversion and SWB dimensions (Satisfaction with life, Mastery, Vigour, Social Cheerfulness), directly and by mediation of self-esteem. Indeed, previous studies have suggested that self-esteem is positively associated with high extraversion and low neuroticism and that it positively mediates the relationship between SWB and personality traits in adolescents. For this purpose, a sample of high school students (N = 1173) completed the Oxford Happiness Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Big Five Questionnaire. In a latent variable model, we examined the interaction effects (direct and indirect) of extraversion and neuroticism on SWB dimensions. Our results showed that the nature of differences between introverts and extraverts on SWB could be related to the level of neuroticism in relation to Satisfaction with life. Moreover, self-esteem mediated the relationship between personality traits and SWB. In particular, mediated moderation effect analysis showed that self-esteem mediates completely the relationship between the interaction term (extraversion x neuroticism) and Mastery, and partially the relationship with Satisfaction with life. Moreover, moderated mediation effect analysis showed that high levels of neuroticism moderate the effect of extraversion on Satisfaction with life and Mastery through the mediation of self-esteem. In conclusion, our results suggest that although extraversion has a cardinal role on SWB dimensions related to Vigour and Social Cheerfulness, neuroticism and the mediating role of self-esteem should more properly considered in relation to Satisfaction with life and Mastery
THE WEIGHT OF EXPECTANCY-VALUE AND ACHIEVEMENT GOALS ON SCIENTIFIC CAREER INTEREST AND MATH ACHIEVEMENT
No full texthe study explored a taxonomy of alternative latent models to understand the weight of expectancy-value and approach-related goal orientations in predicting students' achievement behaviors (scientific career interest and math achievement). A full model where all the factors contribute to explaining the total variance of outcomes and two models in which the contribution of expectancy-value and achievement goals factors was evaluated separately within a structural equation modeling framework. Results, among a sample of 812 Italian high school students (486 males and 326 females, Mage= 18.3), showed that expectancy-value variables explain a substantial portion of math achievement and career interest variance after controlling for the achievement goals. Moreover, when all path coefficients were allowed (full model), global value and its dimensions of opportunity and emotional cost influenced positively student's career aspirations, expectancy resulted the main predictor of math competence, and mastery and performance goals did not show significant effects on the outcomes
Validazione italiana del Self- and Task-Perception Questionnaire per adolescenti in ambito matematico
No full textAll’interno dell’ambito delle teorie dell’aspettativa-valore, il presente studio è volto alla validazione italiana del Il Self ‒ and Task ‒ Perception Questionnaire (STPQ) per adolescenti messo a punto da Eccles e colleghi per la misura dell’aspettativa, del valore soggettivo e della difficoltà percepita per un dato compito in ambito accademico. Lo strumento, composto da 19
item con un formato di risposta a sei punti, ha mostrato in letteratura buone qualità psicometriche e la capacità di predire la prestazione e i comportamenti di scelta di carriera degli studenti. Nel presente studio si è presa in considerazione la motivazione verso l’apprendimento della matematica in un campione di 440 studenti (232 maschi e 208 femmine) frequentanti l’ultimo anno di licei classici e scientifici. Utilizzando un’analisi fattoriale confermativa gli autori hanno dato supporto alla struttura di primo livello a sei fattori (abilità/aspettativa; valore intrinseco/interesse, valore del risultato/importanza, valore estrinseco/utilità, difficoltà del compito, sforzo richiesto) attesa a livello teorico, la quale è risultata invariante per genere. In linea con quanto trovato a livello internazionale, è emersa inoltre una struttura sovra-ordinata in cui cinque dei sei fattori individuati nell’analisi fattoriale di primo livello vengono aggregati in due fattori di ordine superiore (valore soggettivo del compito, difficoltà percepita). Inoltre, si è supportata la validità di costrutto e predittiva della scala. In conclusione, l’STPQ appare essere un valido ed attendibile strumento per la misura dell’aspettativa, del
valore soggettivo e della difficoltà percepita verso la matematica per studenti di scuola superiore.Within the expectancy-value theory framework, the present study provides support for the Italian validation of the Il Self-This instrument, developed by Eccles and colleagues measures expectancy, subjective task values and perceived difficulty in a specific academic domain. The STPQ consists of 19 items on a 6-point response scale; it shows adequate psychometric proprieties and the ability to predict subsequent performance and career decisions of students. In the present study, we examined motivation toward mathematics in a sample of 440 students (232 males and 208 females), attending the final year of high school. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to provide support for the six first order factonal structure of the instrument (ability/expectancy, intrinsic/interest value, attainment value/importance, extrinsic/utility value, task difficulty, required effort), which resulted invariant over gender. According with previous international studies, the authors found also a second-order factorial structure, where five of the six first order factors are aggregated in two higher-order factors: subjective task value, and perceived task difficulty. Moreover, this study supported construct and predictive validity of the instrument. Finally, the STPQ could be considered a valid and reliable instrument to measure expectancy, value and task difficulty toward math for high school students
Contribution of personal and environmental factors on positive psychological functioning in adolescents
No full textThis study examined self-esteem as mediator in the relations of personal (extraversion, neuroticism) and environmental (maternal, paternal, peer-relationships) variables with domains of positive psychological functioning (PPF) in adolescence (Satisfaction with life, Mastery, Vigor, Social Interest, Social Cheerfulness).We compared one-sided and multidimensional models using a sample of 1193 high school students (592 males and 601 females). We examined variations in adolescent PPF as a function of parenting styles via independent examination of maternal and paternal bonding. Results supported the multidimensional models, which indicated direct effects of personality traits, maternal care and peer relationships, as well as indirect effects, mediated by self-esteem, of all predictors on most PPF dimensions.
Overall, our study provided a broader picture of personal and environmental predictors on different dimensions of PPF, which supported the mediating role of self-esteem and emphasized the importance of considering multidimensional models to characterize PPF in adolescents
Psychological well-being in adolescence: relationship between personal and environmental predictors
No full textContributo alla validazione italiana della Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS)
No full textIntroduzione
Per misurare la chiarezza del concetto di sé, intesa come la definizione chiara, internamente coerente e temporalmente stabile del contenuto del sé, Campbell e collaboratori (1996) hanno messo a punto la Selfconcept Clarity Scale (SCCS). La scala si compone di 12 items di cui solo due sono espressi in termini positivi mentre i rimanenti 10 indicano una mancata chiarezza di sé. L’obiettivo del presente lavoro è stato quello di indagare le proprietà psicometriche della nostra versione italiana della SCCS e, in particolare, la presenza di una struttura uni (Campbell et al., 1996) o bifattoriale (Steffgen, Da Silva & Recchia, 2007).
Metodo
Il campione è composto da 2082 adolescenti di cui 974 maschi e 1108 femmine tra i 14 e 21 anni suddiviso metodo Exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM). Il secondo (n = 812) è stato impiegato per l’analisi delle correlazioni con scale di autostima (RSE), benessere (OHI) e tratti di personalità (EPI).
Risultati
I risultati dell’analisi ESEM e dell’attendibilità hanno portato all’eliminazione dei due items espressi in positivo. Il modello più adeguato, invariante rispetto al genere e all’età, appare quello bifattoriale (Χ2 (26)=100.80, CFI = .97, TLI = .95, RMSEA = .05) relativo all’Incoerenza (I; α = .70) e all’Instabilità temporale (IT; α =.77). La struttura è stata replicata nel secondo campione in cui si è trovata, inoltre, una correlazione negativa tra le scale I e IT della SCCS con l’autostima e il benessere (da r = -.64 a r = -.39) e positiva col nevroticismo (I: r = .62; IT: r = .45).
Conclusioni
Questi risultati sostengono l’ipotesi che la chiarezza e l’ambiguità del concetto di Sé non sono due estremi di uno stesso continuum e che la scala potrebbe essere chiamata “self-unclarity” per meglio descriverne il costrutto (Buss, 2001)
I predittori del benessere in adolescenza: relazione tra i tratti di personalità, il sistema del sé, la famiglia e le strategie di coping
No full textThe aim of this study concerns the promotion of well-being in adolescence, within a eudaimonic perspective that focuses on the analysis of personal and environmental factors that promote the growth and realization of human potential. In particular personality traits of extraversion and neuroticism, selfesteem, physical self-concept, family functioning and coping strategies are investigated. Because personal and environmental factors act simultaneously influencing adolescents' well-being, an original aspect of this research is that the variables are considered within a single model of personality capable of explaining the complexity of this process. Results of analyses conducted on 400 high school students, using structural equation models, showed a direct influence of self-esteem, extraversion and taskoriented coping in promoting adolescents' well-being. In addition, self-esteem and coping strategies have an important mediating role for personality traits and parenting style. Overall, the results support the importance of examining the complexity of these relationships within an global integrated perspective, which considers the combined effect of these factors on well-being of young people and promotes a positive adaptation.
Il presente lavoro ha voluto dare un contributo alla promozione del benessere in adolescenza, considerandolo secondo una prospettiva eudaimonica incentrata sull’analisi dei fattori personali e sociali che possono favorire uno sviluppo positivo. In particolare si sono presi in considerazione: i tratti di estroversione e nevroticismo, l’autostima, il concetto di sé fisico, il funzionamento familiare e le strategie di coping. Poiché le variabili individuali e ambientali, non agiscono separatamente nella vita del giovane, ma interagiscono in vario modo per influenzarne l’adattamento e il benessere, la novità dello studio ha riguardato l’analisi delle relazioni tra questi fattori all’interno di un unico modello di personalità in grado di tener conto della complessità di questo processo. I risultati delle analisi condotte con l’ausilio dei modelli di equazione strutturale su un campione di circa 400 studenti, hanno mostrato l'effetto diretto esercitato dall’autostima, dall’estroversione e dal coping orientato al compito nel favorire il benessere del giovane. L'autostima e le strategie di coping esercitano inoltre un ruolo di mediazione sia per i tratti di personalità che per le relazioni genitoriali. Complessivamente, i risultati ottenuti avvalorano l’utilità di esaminare la complessità di queste relazioni all’interno di una prospettiva globale integrata che tenga conto dell'effetto congiunto di questi fattori nell'influenzare il benessere dei giovani e promuova un sano adattamento
Psychological well-being in adolescence: Relationship between personal and environmental predictors
No full textAbstract
The aim of this study concerns the promotion of psychological well-being in adolescence. We considered the complex network of relationships between personal processes and social environment within a single model. Among personal factors, we investigated extraversion, neuroticism, self-esteem and physical self-concept. Among environmental factors, we focused on family functioning and peer relationships. Also, the mediating role of coping strategies was analyzed.
Analyses conducted on over 1000 adolescents, using structural equation models, showed two processes that can, respectively, facilitate or hinder the perception of well-being. The facilitating process involves a central role of self-esteem, positive relationships with peers and parental support. To a lesser extent, also extraversion, physical self-concept and task-oriented coping influence positive well-being. The hindering process involves neuroticism, parental control and emotion-oriented coping. In conclusion, to understand well-being in adolescents, it is important to take a multiple-factor perspective, considering the complex network of relationships between personal and environmental variables
Contributo alla validazione italiana della Self-Concept Clarity Scale
No full textIl presente studio fornisce un contributo alla validazione di una versione italiana della Self-Concept Clarity Scale (Scala per la Chiarezza del Concetto di Sé – SCCS) in adolescenza. La SCCS è stata tradotta in varie lingue ed è largamente utilizzata; inoltre, diversi studi hanno evidenziato le buone qualità psicometriche della scala. La letteratura internazionale relativa a studi condotti su adulti supporta una struttura unidimensionale della SCCS; tuttavia, uno studio tedesco su adolescenti ha individuato una struttura bidimensionale. Per investigare ulteriormente la struttura fattoriale della scala, abbiamo tradotto in italiano la SCCS e la abbiamo somministrata a due ampi campioni di adolescenti italiani. Utilizzando sia tecniche esplorative che confermative abbiamo dato supporto alla struttura unidimensionale attesa a livello teorico la quale è risultata invariante per genere ed età. Infine, abbiamo supportato la validità di costrutto e criterio della scala.The present study provides a contribution to the validation of an Italian version of the Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS) in adolescence. The SCCS has been translated in several languages and is widely used; also several studies showed good psychometric properties of the scale. The international literature on adults supports a unidimensional structure of the SCCS; however, a German study on adolescents found a bidimensional structure. In order to further investigate the factorial structure of the scale, we translated in Italian the SCCS and administrated it to two large samples of Italian adolescents. Using both exploratory and confirmatory techniques we supported the theoretically expected unidimensional structure, which resulted mostly invariant over gender and age. Finally, we found support for the construct and criterion validity of the scale
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