3,612 research outputs found
Enhancing privacy of users in eID schemes
No full textIn todays world transactions are increasingly being performed over the internetbut require identication of users as in face-to-face transactions. In order to facilitate eGovernance as well as other eCommerce services Electronic Identiation(eID) schemes, which intend to provide unique and reliable identication andauthentication of the users, have been introduced. eID schemes commonly involve a Service Provider which provides a service, such as online shopping, to the user and an Identity Provider which veries the users identity and facilitates the user to identify itself to the Service Provider. Every transaction made over the Internet reveals bits of information about the user which can be accumulated and abused, thus necessitating security and privacy in order to prevent misuse of data and invasion of personal privacy. In this work, ve eID schemes which are in use or re proposed in EU countries is surveyed and the strengths and weaknesses of these schemes is investigated. All the schemes have given importance to security while only a few of them are designed with privacy in mind. Identity Providers in federated eID schemes are observed to be a privacy hotspot as they store user information and can uniquely identify the user. The use of homomorphic encryption and block chain in eID schemes is further explored in order to prevent the Identity Provider from becoming a privacy hotspot while fullling its role in the scheme
Astrophysics: The process of carbon creation
No full textIn the Universe, the element carbon is created only in stars, in a remarkable reaction called the triple-α process. Fresh insights into the reaction now come from the latest experiments carried out on Earth.Angulo C, 1999, NUCL PHYS A, V656, P3, DOI 10.1016-S0375-9474(99)00030-5; COOK CW, 1957, PHYS REV, V107, P508, DOI 10.1103-PhysRev.107.508; DUNBAR DNF, 1953, PHYS REV, V92, P649, DOI 10.1103-PhysRev.92.649; El Eid MF, 2004, ASTROPHYS J, V611, P452, DOI 10.1086-422162; Fynbo HOU, 2005, NATURE, V433, P136, DOI 10.1038-nature03219; Hoyle Fred, 1954, ASTROPHYS J S, V1, P121, DOI DOI 10.1086-190005; SALPETER EE, 1952, ASTROPHYS J, V115, P326, DOI 10.1086-145546; SALPETER EE, 1952, PHYS REV, V88, P547, DOI 10.1103-PhysRev.88.54766
Management of National eID Infrastructure as a State-Critical Asset and Public-private Partnership: Learning from the Case of Estonia
No full textIn the management of national electronic identity (eID) infrastructure, cooperation between public and private parties becomes more and more important, as the mutual dependencies between the provision of e-services and the provision of the national public key infrastructure (PKI) continuously increases. Yet, it is not clear which key factors affect the public-private collaboration in the eID field, as existing studies do not provide insight into this particular matter. Therefore, we aim to identify the factors that affect public-private partnership (PPP) in the field of eID. We also describe feasible formats that help to improve the cooperation between the two sectors, based on insights from the case of Estonia. In service of that study, we conducted twelve qualitative interviews with high-level experts representing several parties from the public and the private sector. By conducting a thematic analysis of the interviews, we identified five key factors for successful PPP in the eID field, i.e., engagement, joint understanding, two-way communication, clear role division, and process orientation. Furthermore, we generalize our results by discussing, in how far the found cooperation formats can be used by stakeholders to manage state-critical information technology (IT) infrastructure components similar to eID such as mobile phone services, data transmission services and digital signature services.Information and Communication Technolog
Incorporating Leveled Homomorphic Encryption-based Private Information Retrieval in Federated eID Schemes to Enhance User Privacy
No full textNumerous services are being offered over the Internet and require identification of users as in face-to-face interactions. To simplify the authentication procedure and reduce the need to manage multiple credentials to access services, Electronic Identification (eID) schemes have been introduced. eID schemes commonly involve many service providers (SPs) which provide services, such as online shopping, social networks, etc. to users and identity providers (IDPs) which verify the identity of users and facilitate the users to authenticate him/herself to SPs. In federated eID schemes, IDPs store identifiable user information (attributes), often with a unique ID, and attest on these attributes to SPs. In this work we address the privacy concerns of storing user attributes at the IDP which allows the IDP to profile the behaviour and activities of users. We propose to store the attributes in a privacy friendly manner so that they cannot be directly linked to a particular user even if the data is leaked. Then we include an additional step incorporating private information retrieval (PIR) in the usual authentication flow of federated eID scheme so that the IDP can perform its role of authenticating and managing the user’s identity without turning into a privacy hotspot. The privacy enhancement offered by our work needs to be accompanied by privacy-friendly authentication, which does not reveal the identity of the user, to be effective. Finally, through a proof-of-concept implementation we show a practical variant of our scheme in which the IDP, with millions of users, partitions its database.Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceIntelligent System
Sensitivity of the blue loops of intermediate-mass stars to nuclear reactions
No full textWe investigate the effects of a modification of the 14N(p, γ)15O reaction rate, as suggested by recent evaluations, on the formation and extension of the blue loops encountered during the evolution of the stars in the mass range 5M⊙ to 12M⊙. We show that the blue loops of stars in the mass range 5M⊙ to 8M ⊙, that is the range of super ABG stars, are severely affected by a modification of the important 14N(p,γ)15O reaction rate. We also show that the blue loops can be restored if envelope overshooting is included, which is necessary to explain the observations of the Cepheid stars. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.Adelberger EG, 2011, REV MOD PHYS, V83, P195, DOI 10.1103-RevModPhys.83.195; Angulo C., 1999, NUPHA, VA656, p3A; Cyburt, 2010, APJS, V189, P240; El Eid M.F., 2009, SSRV, V147, p1E; El Eid MF, 2004, ASTROPHYS J, V611, P452, DOI 10.1086-422162; EVANS NR, 1993, ASTRON J, V105, P1956, DOI 10.1086-116570; Fernie J. D., 1995, IBVS, V4148, p1F; Halabi G. M., 2012, APJ UNPUB; Imbriani, 2005, EUR PHYS J A, V25, P455; Mermilliod J.-C., 1981, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, V44; SCHMIDT EG, 1984, ASTROPHYS J, V287, P261, DOI 10.1086-1626850
Cosmological aspects of nucleosynthesis
No full textWe present a review of a scenario connecting the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements to cosmology. After discussing briefly the big bang nucleosynthesis, we summarize the results of observation of the heavy elements in extremely metal poor stars usually attributed to the rprocess nucleosynthesis. The learn effect of this discussion is to emphasize that the r-process nucleosynthesis was incomplete during the early phase of the galaxy. The production of the heavy nuclei of first peak of the r-process abundance distribution as observed in very metal-poor stars is not explained in a standard scenario of the r-process. It seems that the r-process consists of a weak component and a main component, similar to what is known in case the s-process nucleosynthesis. However this similarity is only formal, since the production site of the weak r-process component is different and more complicated than the weak s-process component. We also mention that the present discussion has relevance to the so called near field cosmology. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.Bromm V., 2009, NATURE, V459, P29; Cowan J.J., 2011, XIV110611091; Cowan JJ, 2006, NATURE, V440, P1151, DOI 10.1038-nature04807; El Eid MF, 2009, SPACE SCI REV, V147, P1, DOI 10.1007-s11214-009-9517-6; Freeman K, 2002, ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR, V40, P487, DOI 10.1146-annurev.astro.40.060401.093840; Heger A, 2002, ASTROPHYS J, V567, P532, DOI 10.1086-338487; Honda S, 2006, ASTROPHYS J, V643, P1180, DOI 10.1086-503195; Kratz KL, 2007, ASTROPHYS J, V662, P39, DOI 10.1086-517495; Langer N., 2009, NATURE, V462, P579; Montes F, 2007, ASTROPHYS J, V671, P1685, DOI 10.1086-523084; OBER WW, 1983, ASTRON ASTROPHYS, V119, P61; Pignatari M, 2008, ASTROPHYS J LETT, V687, pL95, DOI 10.1086-593350; RAITERI CM, 1993, ASTROPHYS J, V419, P207, DOI 10.1086-173476; Schramm D., 1998, REV MOD PHYS, V79, P303; Sneden C, 2003, ASTROPHYS J, V591, P936, DOI 10.1086-375491; The L.-S, UNPUB; The LS, 2007, ASTROPHYS J, V655, P1058, DOI 10.1086-509753; Wanajo S, 2006, ASTROPHYS J, V647, P1323, DOI 10.1086-505483; Wasserburg GJ, 1996, ASTROPHYS J, V466, pL109, DOI 10.1086-3101770
Academic freedom at Palestinian universities : a human rights report
No full textBassem Eid traces the history of Palestinian Universities over three
periods - the Israeli occupation early 1970s until the Intifada, the
Intifada and its aftermath and the current era. The author examines
the serious problems and restrictions faced by University students
and intellectuals. He denounces a series of human rights violations
particularly the rights of freedom of expression and association. Such
violations include deportations, violence against students, arrests and
detentions without formal charges and unfair dismissal of professors
who spoke their minds. These human rights violations are not solely
a result of Israeli oppression but also a result of the interference of
the Palestinian Authority. The author probes into the University
Security Administration and the presence of undercover agents
within the universities, who monitor and report the activities of
individuals, are associated with the Islamic bloc or who criticise the
Palestinian Authority.peer-reviewe
Stellar nucleosynthesis: s-Process in massive stars
No full textThe s-process nucleosynthesis is relatively well understood, at least from the nuclear physics point of view. The site of this important process is believed to be linked to AGB stars and to massive stars. In both cases, the physical conditions underlying the stellar environments where the s-process occurs are still not fully understood and need further elaboration. In this contribution, we give an updated brief overview on the s-process in massive stars pointing out several physical uncertainties still under debate. In particular, we describe the effect of the still uncertain 12C(α ,γ)16O reaction on the s-process. We emphasize the behavior of the s-process during core helium burning and during shell carbon burning. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.Alpizar-Vicente AM, 2008, PHYS REV C, V77, DOI 10.1103-PhysRevC.77.015806; Angulo C, 1999, NUCL PHYS A, V656, P3, DOI 10.1016-S0375-9474(99)00030-5; Buchmann L, 1996, ASTROPHYS J, V468, pL127, DOI 10.1086-310240; Busso M, 1999, ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR, V37, P239, DOI 10.1146-annurev.astro.37.1.239; CAUGHLAN GR, 1988, ATOM DATA NUCL DATA, V40, P283, DOI 10.1016-0092-640X(88)90009-5; CAUGHLAN GR, 1985, ATOM DATA NUCL DATA, V32, P197, DOI 10.1016-0092-640X(85)90006-3; El Eid MF, 2004, ASTROPHYS J, V611, P452, DOI 10.1086-422162; ELEID MF, 2009, SPACE SCI REV, V147; Heil M, 2008, PHYS REV C, V78, DOI 10.1103-PhysRevC.78.025802; Imbriani G, 2001, ASTROPHYS J, V558, P903, DOI 10.1086-322288; Jaeger M, 2001, PHYS REV LETT, V87, DOI 10.1103-PhysRevLett.87.202501; KAPPELER F, 1990, ASTROPHYS J, V354, P630; KAPPELER F, 1989, REP PROG PHYS, V52, P945, DOI 10.1088-0034-4885-52-8-002; Kunz R, 2002, ASTROPHYS J, V567, P643, DOI 10.1086-338384; MEYER BS, 1994, ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR, V32, P153; RAITERI CM, 1991, ASTROPHYS J, V371, P665, DOI 10.1086-169932; ROLFS CE, 1988, CAULDRONS COSMOS, pCH9; STRANIERO O, 2005, ARXIVASTROPH0501405V; The LS, 2007, ASTROPHYS J, V655, P1058, DOI 10.1086-509753; Woosley SE, 2002, REV MOD PHYS, V74, P1015, DOI 10.1103-RevModPhys.74.10150
Investigation of Dyed Film Based on Quinaldine Red Dyed Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and Poly(Vinyl Butyral) for High Dose Dosimetry Applications
No full textEffects of an Ecological Interface on Flight Training Effectiveness
No full textFor Ecological Interface Design (EID), the underlying constraints and properties of an operator’s work domain are analysed and used as a basis for the design of the information displays, so that these may reveal these underlying mechanisms. Most evaluations for EID have been performed with expert or trained participants. However, it can be hypothesised that the effects of EID will also change the way tasks are learned by novices; since the EID designs support direct manipulation, and at the same time show the constraints in the work domain, a novice would be able to perform the task as a skill, employing the direct manipulation features of the interface, while at the same time learning the underlying constraints from the work domain. Our interest is the effect of an EID display on skill acquisition in a flying task. To this end we evaluated the EID display by (Amelink, Mulder, van Paassen, & Flach, 2005) in a study with novice pilots, learning flight path and speed control of a simulated aircraft. It was found that initial performance by the EID group was better than by a control group, the EID group also showed more consistent and homogeneous behavior. The EID display did not lead to increased workload, as measured with the Rating Scale for Mental Effort. Asymptotic performance levels for both groups were not significantly different.Control & SimulationControl & Operation
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