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Additional file 7: of The potential for non-adaptive origins of evolutionary innovations in central carbon metabolism
No full textMetabolisms viable on pyruvate as the main carbon source C can differ greatly in their viability on other carbon sources. The figure shows a histogram of the phenotype distance (x-axis), for metabolisms of size (A) 30, (B) 35, (C) 40, and (D) 45, viable on pyruvate as focal carbon source C. (TIF 417Â kb
Additional file 2: of The potential for non-adaptive origins of evolutionary innovations in central carbon metabolism
No full textMetabolites and reactions in central carbon metabolism. This table lists all the reactions (Sheet 1) and metabolites (Sheet 2) of central carbon metabolism, their abbreviations, and further associated information. (XLSX 18Â kb
Additional file 4: of The potential for non-adaptive origins of evolutionary innovations in central carbon metabolism
No full textHigh exaptation potential in central carbon metabolisms (considering only metabolisms without disconnected reactions). (A) Fraction of metabolisms with exaptation index I>0 (y-axis) viable on some carbon source C (x-axis). Red bars correspond to viable metabolisms without disconnected reactions, and blue bars correspond to all viable metabolisms. (B) Fraction of metabolisms (coded by shade of grey, see legend) with exaptation index (I>0) that are viable on some carbon source C (x-axis) and have a given size (y-axis), (C) Mean exaptation index of metabolisms without disconnected reactions, and viable on a given focal carbon source C (x-axis). Red bars correspond to viable metabolisms without disconnected reactions, and blue bars correspond to all viable metabolisms. (D) Mean exaptation index (coded by shade of grey, see legend) of metabolisms without disconnected reactions, and viable on some carbon source C (x-axis) and with a given size (y-axis). White colors in (B) and (D) correspond to metabolisms whose size is too small for viability on C. (TIF 590Â kb
Additional file 9: of The potential for non-adaptive origins of evolutionary innovations in central carbon metabolism
No full textMetabolisms viable on glucose as the main carbon source C can differ greatly in their viability on other carbon sources (considering only metabolisms without disconnected reactions). The figure shows a histogram of the phenotype distance (x-axis), for metabolisms without disconnected reactions with size (A) 30, (B) 35, (C) 40, and (D) 45, viable on glucose as carbon source C. (TIF 427Â kb
Additional file 3: of The potential for non-adaptive origins of evolutionary innovations in central carbon metabolism
No full textMetabolisms viable on a given carbon source vary widely in their exaptation potential. Histogram of the exaptation index (x-axis), i.e., the number of carbon sources C new on which a metabolism is viable, for metabolisms viable on lactate as carbon source C with size (A) 35, (B) 40, (C) 45, and for metabolisms viable on malate as carbon source C with size (D) 35, (E) 40, (F) 45. (TIF 496Â kb
Additional file 15: of The potential for non-adaptive origins of evolutionary innovations in central carbon metabolism
No full textDistribution of the number of synthesized metabolites among metabolisms viable on glucose. Fraction of metabolisms excreting a given number of metabolites (x-axis) among metabolisms viable on glucose with size (A) n=35, and (B) n=45. (TIF 174Â kb
Additional file 16: of The potential for non-adaptive origins of evolutionary innovations in central carbon metabolism
No full textAssociation between biomass yield and the number of excreted waste metabolites. The vertical axis shows the biomass yield of metabolisms of size (A) n=30, (B) n=40, and (C) n=50 viable on glucose that excrete a given number of metabolites (x-axis). Boxes span the 25-th to 75-th percentile, and whiskers indicate the maximum and minimum values. (TIF 207Â kb
Additional file 12: of The potential for non-adaptive origins of evolutionary innovations in central carbon metabolism
No full textPotential for preadaptation depends on biochemical similarity between carbon sources (considering only metabolisms without disconnected reactions). (A) The histogram shows the fraction of metabolisms (without disconnected reactions) viable on glucose as carbon source C that are also viable on each of the nine other carbon sources C new (x-axis). (B) As in (A), but broken down by metabolism size, and fractions of viable metabolisms are coded by shade of grey, see legend (C) Fraction of metabolisms (without disconnected reactions) viable on carbon source C (x-axis), that are also viable on carbon source C new (y-axis), are coded by shade of grey, see legend. (D) Dendrogram of carbon sources clustered based on their pairwise preadaptation propensity. We used UPGMA method (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means), for clustering carbon sources. (TIF 472Â kb
Additional file 1: of The potential for non-adaptive origins of evolutionary innovations in central carbon metabolism
No full textCentral carbon metabolism. Each arrow in each panel corresponds to one of the 51 internal reactions we consider. Metabolites are indicated by their acronyms (see Additional file 2). Boxed metabolites correspond to 13 essential biomass precursors. Note that 4 metabolites (accoa, g3p, f6p and e4p) are shown more than once for visual clarity. Metabolic pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose-phosphate pathway, citric-acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate and glutamate metabolism are distinguished by the colored and dashed rectangles. Anaplerotic reactions and glyoxylate shunt are highlighted using the purple and green arrows respectively. The figure is taken by permission from [40]. (TIF 2163Â kb
Additional file 10: of The potential for non-adaptive origins of evolutionary innovations in central carbon metabolism
No full textMetabolisms viable on pyruvate as the main carbon source C can differ greatly in their viability on other carbon sources (considering only metabolisms without disconnected reactions). The figure shows a histogram of the phenotype distance (x-axis), for metabolisms without disconnected reactions with size (A) 30, (B) 35, (C) 40, and (D) 45, viable on pyruvate as carbon source C. (TIF 428Â kb
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