7,437 research outputs found
Some synthetic uses of amino acids and studies towards the synthesis of germacrene A
No full textThe synthesis of amino acids by the alkylation of arylideneamino esters was investigated. Imine derivatives of glycine and phenylalanine esters were prepared using benzaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzal.dehyde, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, pyridine-4-aldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, and 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde. In contrast to the other derivatives 2,4-dichlorobenzylidene phenylalanine methyl ester and 2,4-dichlorobenzylidene glycine ethyl ester were found to be stable, crystalline compounds. A variety of alkylation reactions were carried out on the 2,4-dichlorobenzylidene derivatives, using strong base at low temperatures. A method for the facile phase-transfer alkylation of these compounds has also been developed. In addition, acylation of 2,4-dichlorobcnzylidene glycine methyl ester has been achieved at low temperature in the presence of strong base, and the conversion of the resultant compounds to 3-oxo-2aminR ester hydrochlorides has been demonstrated. In part two the attempted synthesis of the ten-membered ring triene germacrene A, and related studies, is described. The planned synthesis involved a palladium (0) catalyzed intramolecular coupling of an allylic acetate precursor methyl 2-adetyl-11-acetyloxy-5,9-dimethylundeca-5,9-dienoate. This was prepared by a route beginning with geranyl acetate. Attempted cyclization led only to elimination of the acetate group. The analogous six-membered ring precursor was prepared by conventional methods. Attempted cyclilzation of this compound led to dihydropyran derivatives from 0-alkylation of the intermediate enolate.</p
The Process of Seeking Treatment for Mental Health Problems
No full textA model of the process of seeking treatment for mental health problems is presented that explicates much previous research in this area. A process comprising seven steps is proposed (recognize that there is a problem, decide the problem is mental health related, decide change is needed, make efforts to effect change, decide professional help is needed to effect change, decide to seek professional help, and seek help). Activities or decisions that interrupt the process, barriers encountered at each step, variations of the proposed sequence, and the experience of social support across the process are presented. Implications for improving access to treatment are proposed
Physician assessment pilot study for the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.
No full textPaget, Neil S.; Newble, David I.; Saunders, Nicholas A.; Du, Jenn
The Suez Crisis and British and French policy revaluations towards membership of the European Communities
No full textThis thesis attempts to demonstrate that, far from being of little or even no importance as some authors have argued, the 1956 Suez Crisis was an event of great significance to the evolution of British and French policies towards membership of the European Communities. It identifies a gap in the historiographies of the Suez Crisis and the European integration process, and seeks to fill it, while at the same time providing a new interpretation of the link between the two areas of historical focus. Using manuscript sources from English, French and American archives, as well as contemporary media articles and personal papers, it will present six ways in which Suez directly influenced the development of British and French policy towards the European Communities: by forcing the British government to review the country’s position in the world, by enhancing the career of Harold Macmillan, boosting that of Edward Heath, changing French attitudes towards the Common Market in late 1956, its role in the return to power of General de Gaulle, and the development of the French nuclear deterrent. It will conclude that not was Suez a significant factor, but that without it, there may not be a European Union today
External interventions and the duration of civil wars
No full textThe authors combine an empirical model of external intervention, with a theoretical model of civil war duration. Their empirical model of intervention allows them to analyze civil war duration, using"expected"rather than"actual"external intervention as an explanatory variable in the duration model. Unlike previous studies, they find that external intervention is positively associated with the duration of civil war. They distinguish partial third-party interventions that extend the length of war, from multilateral"peace"operations, which have a mandate to restore peace without taking sides - and which typically take place at war's end, or at least when both sides have agreed to a cease-fire. In a future paper, the authors will examine whether partial third-party interventions - whatever their effect on a war's duration - increase the risk of war's recurrence. If that proves true, then even if interventions reduce the length of civil war, they may do so at the cost of further destabilizing the political system, and sowing the seeds of future rebellion.Children and Youth,Peace&Peacekeeping,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Post Conflict Reconstruction,International Affairs,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Social Conflict and Violence,Peace&Peacekeeping,Post Conflict Reconstruction,International Affairs
Heritability and Linkage Analysis of Appendicitis Utilizing Age at Onset
No full textAppendicitis usually afflicts the young, but there is a large tail in the distribution of onset age. The genetics of this disease are still not well understood. A heritability analysis and genome wide linkage analysis of a large twin dataset was undertaken. Treating age of onset of appendicitis as a censored survival trait revealed a heritability of 0.21, and found evidence of linkage to Chromosome 1p37.3. Author(s): Christopher Oldmeadow 1 * | Kerrie Mengersen 2 | Nicholas Martin 3 | David L. Duffy
Femoroacetabular impingement and cam morphology: Contributions to bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology
No full textFemoroacetabular impingement is a clinical disorder of the hip caused by premature contact between the femur and the acetabulum. A lead cause of this condition is cam morphology, additional bone growth on the anterior aspect of the femoral head. Cam morphology has been associated with physical activity due to its high prevalence rates in athletes compared to non-athletes. A link between non-metric traits of the femur, particularly; Poirier’s facets, plaque and cribra, and cam morphology has been suggested due to their shared location and suggested aetiology. Osteitis pubis, an overuse syndrome of the pubic symphysis, is believed to be a compensatory injury of femoroacetabular impingement. The overall aim of this study was to determine the contributions of femoroacetabular impingement to the disciplines of bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology, with regards to femoral non-metric traits analysis, activity reconstruction and awareness of conditions that may affect the formation of biological profiles. To achieve this, this study aimed to establish if there is a link between cam morphology and non-metric traits of the anterior aspect of the femur. This would provide further understanding of the respective/joint aetiologies through the use of multidisciplinary literature. It also aimed to determine if the development of cam morphology is linked to occupational physical activity. Additionally, this study looked to determine if any osseous changes are present in individuals with femoroacetabular impingement in association with cam morphology, to allow the identification of symptomatic individuals when the presence of clinical information is not available. Finally, it also aimed to determine if there is a link between cam morphology and osteitis pubis at the pubic symphysis. This would contribute to both bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology, by highlighting a condition which may impact an area commonly used for the age estimation. Two skeletal collections, the Wharram Percy collection and the Luís Lopes Identified Skeletal Collection, and a clinical comparison sample were utilised. These collections were selected due to presence of contextual information regarding lifestyle and occupation in different forms. The clinical comparison sample consisted of 3D volume ii rendered CT models of individuals being investigated for femoroacetabular impingement and a control sample. Non-metric traits of the femur and commonly used clinical measures to determine the presence of cam morphology were recorded on all samples. Recording criteria for osteitis pubis was developed and applied to the pubic symphysis of the two skeletal collections. Comparisons of these measurements were made within and between the samples. The results of this study have shown there is a link between Poirier’s facets and plaque with cam morphology. Through the use of contextual information, it is recommended this association is a functional adaptation. There was no association between cam morphology, alpha angle size and occupational physical activity groups in adults. It is suggested cam morphology is therefore a better indicator of activity levels, or other extrinsic factors, requiring additional stability at the hip during skeletal maturation. No clear osseous indicators of the presence of FAI due to cam morphology were identified. Therefore, it is not possible to identify symptomatic individuals through skeletal changes alone. There was also limited evidence of a link between osteitis pubis traits and alpha angle size. Although eburnation could be an indicator for the later stages of this condition, however, there is the requirement for further study to confirm this
The public career of Robert Carter Nicholas
No full textAlthough time has obscured his reputation, Robert carter Nicholas exercised considerable influence in pre-Revolutionary Virginia. Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, George Washington and other familiar revolutionary figures knew him well and respected both his ability and integrity. In fact, Nicholas had already established himself as a power in Virginia politics when the men mentioned above were just stepping onto the stage of Virginia history
Nicholas Meyer: 10-31-1979
No full textNicholas Meyer is a screenwriter, producer, director, and author, and a graduate of the University of Iowa. He is the author of the screenplay the Seven Per Cent Solution and co-author of The Black Orchid. He begins the interview by discussing his professional career as both a film writer/director and a novelist. He then talks about how he began writing novels, and discusses the research that goes into his novels. Meyer continues by discussing his movie Time After Time and concludes the interview by listing prominent teachers and writing influences.Archived web contentSUNY BrockportWriters Forum Video
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