82,957 research outputs found
Sahl Al Maţrān, Saudi Arabia 1987
No full textOther title
At head of title: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Title from text: Explanatory notes to the geologic map of the Sahl Al Maţrān Quadrangle, sheet 26C, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Notes
Relief shown by spot heights.
"International index NG-37-6."
Includes structural sketch map, cross sections, diagram showing sources of geologic data, index to adjoining sheets, index map, and descriptive legend.
"A.H. 1408, A.D. 1987."
"Without Landsat Base"--Envelope.
Additional Info
Includes bibliographical references.Color;1:250,00
Counter-Terrorism in Saudi Arabia: Narratives, Practices and Challenges
No full textSince 9/11, both in the Middle East and worldwide, the academic, political and religious focus on extreme radicalisation has intensified. The attacks carried out in Riyadh, the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, by Al-Qaeda in 2003, motivated a succession of bombings within and outside of the Kingdom. These events have led to a plethora of general and specific studies to understand the phenomenon of extremism.
This thesis investigates radicalisation in Saudi Arabia since 2001, focusing on the impact of Al-Qaeda and its impact on individuals and the state. It specifically focuses on the role of the Mohammed bin Naif Centre for Counselling, Rehabilitation and Care, in this context referred to as ‘the Centre’, analysing its function as a tool for the ‘soft power’ strategy that has been initiated by the Saudi Arabian Government, intended to de-radicalise individuals who are perceived by the state to have been misled.
The study uses a detailed literature review to unpack the historical trends regarding the origins of Saudi Arabia, the political differences therein, as well as the different religious interpretations which are attributed as being a root cause of discontent which thereby leads to radicalisation and violent extremism in the region. In this thesis, I trace the various schools of thought regarding the treatment of religion and governance in relation to local and international politics, and how this impacts upon the radicalisation of individuals.
A Critical Terrorism Studies (CTS) approach is used to highlight the need to view studies on security from a reflexive perspective, both in the researcher and the researched subject matter, namely the terrorist organisations and the governments against which they are fighting. The concept of governance is analysed and how this either precipitates or prevents dissent that results in violence.
In addition, the political and religious solutions to radicalisation are assessed, with a specific focus on the de-radicalisation process, as reflected through a qualitative research on the views and thinking of the practitioners working in the Centre. In this context, I investigate the motives, roles, responsibilities and strategies used in executing their roles, with the aim of seeking possible explanations for the causes of radicalisation and the challenges faced in de-radicalising individuals. Their views are used to form the main basis for the data for this research.
This study should be of interest to politicians, security experts, academics, religious leaders, Islamic scholars and interested individuals. It will be a valuable contribution towards an understanding of the causes, consequences and possible solutions to addressing Islamic extremism and radicalisation
The sedentarization of a Bedouin community in Saudi Arabia
No full textThis thesis examines the sedentarization of bedouin nomads in Saudi Arabia: partly in general, but mostly focussing on a particular region (Sajir) which was studied in the field.
Our approach emphasizes that such bedouin communities were never self-contained, but rather an integral part of their regional and (latterly) national setting. Their integration has been crucially affected by broader processes: early political changes, development of the oil-based national economy, and recent rural policies (not all targeted specifically at bedouin). Moreover, we show how the bedouins
themselves, far from being passively shaped by these pressures, have actively taken advantage of their opportunities and thus internalized these broader developments.
Particular attention is paid to the settled agricultural alternative, with its associated land reforms and development programmes. More broadly, the heritage and shifting meanings of "bedouinism" are scrutinized in this context of rapid change.
To these ends, the early chapters aim to: 1) Develop theoretical framework on nomads and sedentarization from the relevant literature (mostly authropological); 2) Review and evaluate previous studies of the sedentarization of Saudi nomads in particular; and 3) Give a comprehensive overview of the Saudi agricultural sector as a whole,
thereby assessing its land reforms and development programmes.
The latter four chapters report observations gathered from fieldwork in Sajir. These examine this comunity's sedentarization patterns, their present mix of agricultural and pastoral activities, and some of the specific socio-economic factors operative in the region.
The main conclusions of the thesis emphasize:
1) The strength of bedouin integration (politically, socially, and economically) into the national context;
2) The unbalanced and differentiated nature and consequences for the bedouin of national land and agricultural policies;
3) The definitive impact of recent transformations of the rural econony on traditional bedouin occupations and livelihood; and
4) The continuing active (if changing) role of a specifically bedouin identity and ideology within the comunity
The application of the AAOIFI accounting standards by the Islamic banking sector in Saudi Arabia
No full textIn 1990, the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), a private standard setting body, was established by Islamic banks and other interested parties to prepare and promulgate accounting, auditing and governance standards based on the Shari'ah precepts for Islamic financial institutions. In Saudi Arabia, AAOIFI accounting standards have not been implemented yet. This research, therefore, attempts to investigate and explore the awareness of AAOIFI accounting standards among academics, external auditors and Islamic bank's employees in Saudi Arabia. In addition, this study aims to explore the respondents' preference of adopting AAOIFI accounting standards for Islamic banks in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the usefulness and importance of the Islamic banks' annual report is investigated through the opinions of the participants. Lastly, respondents' perceptions regarding Islamisation of conventional banks in Saudi Arabia were examined. The three samples of this study were obtained form the Saudi universities, auditing firms, Islamic banks and Islamic windows in conventional banks in Saudi Arabia. To serve the above purposes, a research questionnaire was designed. A total of 499 questionnaires were distributed among the three samples. The analysis revealed that the awareness of AAOIFI accounting standards was less than expected among those considered as knowledgeable respondents coining from the areas related to the sector. The study also provides evidence that the more education and experience respondent has the more he/she is aware of the AAOIFI accounting standards. The research also concludes that the vast majority of the respondents prefer AAOIFI accounting standards to be adopted in Islamic banks տ Saudi Arabia. The results of the analysis also indicate that traditional items of the IBs' annual report such as the balance sheets and income statements perceived as the most important and useful material and data for making decisions. The study also provides evidence that harmonizing Islamic banks' accounting standards and regulation will facilitate comparability of financial reports among Islamic banks in Saudi Arabia and the financial performance measurement will be much robust as a result. Lastly, participants in this study are in the opinion that Islamic windows in conventional banks in Saudi Arabia are the first step towards Islamizing the financial system
Water resources in Saudi Arabia with particular reference to Tihama Asir province
No full textAlthough Saudi Arabia has made great progress in almost all aspects of development, the availability of water has remained problematic. It is, therefore, important to study water resources, and also the increasing water demands in Saudi Arabia in general, and in Tihama Asir in particular. Climate is influenced to a limited extent by the relatively high altitude of the mountains, especially where rainfall is concerned, and an annual average between 30mm and 300mm is recorded. The rate of evaporation, however, is very high, because of the cloudless sky and high temperatures. Runoff occurs only after torrential and monsoon rain, when the wadis collect floodwaters from their many tributaries. Two hundred dams have been built in recent years in an attempt to increase underground water recharge, and to provide potable water in sufficient quantity and quality, and to provide for irrigation. The ground water resources, including the shallow aquifers of wadis and the deep aquifers, could be of greater benefit with the modification of their current use. A large number of desalination plants have been constructed along the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf to meet the increasing water demands of Saudi Arabia's increasing population. The utilization of treated sewage effluent should be increased to stop the threat of ground water contamination and to reduce the pressure exerted on available resources. Results indicate that modem irrigation methods reach high levels of average field irrigation efficiency, and traditional practices show the highest average levels of energetics performance. Based on water resources and water budget analysis the following recommendations are suggested to the Ministry of Agriculture and Water with regard to water uses in Saudi Arabia and Tihama Asir in particular.- Modernize traditional and intermediate irrigation methods on as many acres as feasible.- Introduce small green-houses on as many private farms as possible.- Develop water resources extension service programmes and training programmes that address fundamental aspects of improving domestic water use, and alternatives to natural and artificial supplies. The developed database can be used as an information source to support future water resource-oriented decision making
The Birds of the Highlands of South-West Saudi Arabia and adjacent parts of the Tihama: July 2010
No full textThe objective of the survey was to compare habitats and bird life in the Asir region, particularly Jebal Souda and the Raydah escarpment protected area of the Saudi Wildlife Commission, and adjacent regions of the tihama, with those observed in July 1987 (Jennings, et al., 1988). The two surveys were approximately the same length and equal amounts of time were spent in the highlands and on the tihama. A number of walked censuses were carried out during 2010 on Jebal Souda, using the same methodology as walked censuses in 1987, and the results are compared. Broadly speaking the comparison of censuses revealed that in 2010 there were less birds and reduced diversity on the Jebal Souda plateau, compared to 1987. However in the Raydah reserve the estimates of breeding bird populations compiled in the mid 1990s was little changed as far as could be assessed in 2010. The highland region of south-west Saudi Arabia, especially Jebal Souda, has been much developed since the 1987 survey and is now an important internal recreation and resort area. This has lead to a reduction in the region’s importance for terraced agriculture. These changes may be a contributing factor to changes in bird numbers on the plateau. Subsidiary tasks that arose during the 2010 survey were to help locate satellite tagged Bald Ibises Geronticus eremita from Syria which were transiting Saudi Arabia at the time. Secondly to search for the Asir subspecies of the Eurasian Magpie Pica pica asirensis, which is endemic to the south-west Saudi Arabia highlands, and is reported to be in decline. A separate team searching for the Bald Ibis located some individuals and one was found dead. Few Magpies were located and it seems clear that this very scarce bird has declined further in numbers in recent years. A number of interesting records of birds were obtained, especially on the tihama, where two new birds for Saudi Arabia were observed, Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala and Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis and one species, Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus was found breeding for the first time in the Arabian Peninsula. Some recommendations for the protection and management of the Raydah reserve are presented. A systematic list of all birds seen is provided
Toward the indigenization of the nursing workforce in Saudi Arabia comaparative study of three gulf states Saudi Arabia, bahrain and Oman
No full textFor the last three decades, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, comprising
Bahrain, Kuwait, Sultanate of Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab
Emirates (UAE) have relied heavily on doctors, nurses and allied health professionals
recruited from other countries. Globally, there is a persistent shortage of doctors and
nurses and the GCC countries are no longer able to meet their human resource
requirements through international recruitment. They have thus pursued policies that
aim to increase the supply of qualified indigenous health-care professionals -
indigenization.
This study aims to understand and examine why and how an indigenization policy has
been formulated and implemented in a purposively selected sample of three Gulf
States. Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Oman have many commonalities and the structures
of their health-care services, labour force and indigenization policies confront similar
broad issues and challenges. However, they were selected to represent different social,
cultural and policy environments in the region and different levels of success in
creating an indigenous nursing workforce.
This study employs a qualitative research approach to generate an in-depth
understanding of the factors that facilitate or inhibit the implementation of
indigenization policies in nursing. This includes semi-structured interviews with 78
stakeholders comprising current and former policy-makers, human resource
managers, religious leaders and nursing officials living and working in one of the
three Gulf States. Document analysis provided the historical and technical
background for understanding the mechanism of the indigenization policy process and
practices. Findings reveal that cultural, economic and political issues play important
roles, as do society's views on education, the role of women and the image of nursing.
The recommendations to address these issues, particularly in respect of increasing
women's participation in the workforce, may contribute to the development of nursing
in the Gulf
Saudi law and judicial practice in commercial and banking arbitration
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University on 10 March 2009.This thesis examines various issues of arbitration law and practice in relation to the Islamic Shari’a law and the law of Saudi Arabia in general, and for arbitration in conventional banking disputes in particular. The thesis found that the Shari’a regulates arbitration tightly compared to other contemporary developments as no fundamental differences were found to exist between the classical Shari’a arbitration rules and the Saudi arbitration regulations, which represent the codification of the Hanbali law of arbitration. Unlike other arbitration laws, almost all kinds of disputes can be settled by arbitration in Saudi Arabia, and these include family and some criminal disputes such as murder and personal injuries. Moreover, this thesis demonstrates the difference between Islamic law and Saudi law. The latter is more comprehensive as it includes Islamic law and the borrowed Codes and Acts of the laws of other nations. The legal status of banking interest under the Saudi law is not clearly defined and it is not clear whether riba contradicts with the public policy of Saudi Arabia or not. This uncertainty has an impact on arbitration related to banking disputes and has led me to conclude that arbitration is not the best method for settling disputes involving domestic conventional banking business. Although resorting to the Committee for the Settlement of Banking Disputes of SAMA might provide a better solution, the decisions of the Committee are not “strong” enough to be fully enforced and the payment of interest continues to be an avoidable obligation in Saudi Arabia; therefore, the thesis examined the alternative remedies for both domestic and international banking arbitration. The thesis also found that if the enforcement of an international arbitration award is sought in Saudi Arabia, the award will be subject to the mandatory application of Shari’a law, which in addition to the imposition of interest, prohibits also certain kinds of commercial contracts
The role of the non-oil minerals sector in the economic growth of Saudi Arabia
No full textThe macroeconomy of Saudi Arabia has been dominated by oil exports which between 1970 and 1995 accounted for more than 85% of total export earnings. Due to the fact that oil is an exhaustible resource, the price of which fluctuates
considerably, and is produced in an enclave economy, the Saudi Arabian government had recognised the needs to diversify their economy away from oil as the main source of income. Since the oil price crashed in 1986, the Saudi Arabian government has adopted a new policy to develop non-oil sectors, such as manufacturing, agriculture and more recently, non-oil minerals. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the contribution of the non-oil minerals sector to the economic growth of Saudi Arabia during the period 1970-1995, using three different approaches. These approaches are the export portfolio approach, the input-output approach and the Dutch disease approach. The empirical findings of this study show the following:
1. A non-oil export portfolio analysis provided guidance to the Saudi Arabian planners who seek simultaneously to reduce export earnings instability and achieve economic growth. An increase in the volume of machinery and transport
equipment commodities could produce an optimum portfolio due to both price trends and stability of price over time. Other exports, including non-oil mineral commodities, are unstable and have relatively negative price trends.
2. Even though preliminary results indicate that the non-oil minerals sector has a relatively low integration with other sectors, when the impact of inducing final demand is taken into account, this sector shows the highest income and the second highest employment multipliers. These results indicate that if this sector were to be stimulated by increasing final demand, it may well generate more income and employment than other sectors. Therefore, the application of an input-output approach was extended further to estimate the impact of three new promising nonoil
mineral projects on the Saudi Arabian economy. Moreover, the construction and operation phase's multipliers reflect the potential of the non-oil minerals sector.
3 With regard to the effect of a boom in one sector of the economy on the rest of the sectors, the oil sector boom in the 1970s in the case of Saudi Arabia conforms very closely with the assumptions of the Dutch disease theory
The feasibility of using profit and loss sharing for financing small and medium sized enterprises in Saudi Arabia
No full textSaudi Arabia is considered to be an oil-rich country. However, it faces challenges in creating jobs and diversifying Its economy to perpetuate economic growth. Therefore, the role and contribution of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) is crucial for the country, leading the government to mitiate a numbe of policy measures. This development goal is fiirthered by the impressive developments in the financial sector. In particular, growth and development of Islamic banking and finance have shown remarkable performance in the country. Such financial developments have a positive impact on the development of SMEs by providing altemative financing options.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
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