375 research outputs found
Microbial community in a geothermal aquifer associated with the subsurface of the Great Artesian Basin, Australia.
No full textTo investigate the biomass and phylogenetic diversity of the microbial community inhabiting the deep aquifer of the Great Artesian Basin (GAB), geothermal groundwater gushing out from the aquifer was sampled and analyzed. Microbial cells in the groundwater were stained with acridine orange and directly counted by epifluorescence microscopy. Microbial cells were present at a density of 108-109 cells per liter of groundwater. Archaeal and bacterial small-subunit rRNA genes (rDNAs) were amplified by PCR with Archaea- and Bacteria-specific primer sets, and clone libraries were constructed separately. A total of 59 clones were analyzed in archaeal and bacterial 16S rDNA libraries, respectively. The archaeal 16S rDNA clones were divided into nine operated taxonomic units (OTUs) by restriction fragment length polymorphism. These OTUs were closely related to the methanogenic genera Methanospirillum and Methanosaeta, the heterotrophic genus Thermoplasma, or miscellaneous crenarchaeota group. More than one-half of the archaeal clones (59% of total 59 clones) were placed beside phylogenetic clusters of methanogens. The majority of the methanogen-related clones (83%) was closely related to a group of hydrogenotrophic methanogens (genus Methanospirillum). The bacterial OTUs branched into seven phylogenetic clusters related to hydrogen-oxidizing thermophiles in the genera Hydrogenobacter and Hydrogenophilus, a sulfate-reducing thermophile in the genus Thermodesulfovibrio, chemoheterotropic bacteria in the genera Thermus and Aquaspirillum, or the candidate division OP10. Clones closely related to the thermophilic hydrogen-oxidizers in the genera Hydrogenobacter and Hydrogenophilus were dominant in the bacterial clone library (37% of a total of 59 clones). The dominancy of hydrogen-users strongly suggested that H2 plays an important role as a primary substrate in the microbial ecosystem of this deep geothermal aquifer.No Full Tex
The Phylum Chloroflexi, the Family Chloroflexaceae, and the Related Phototrophic Families Oscillochloridaceae and Roseiflexaceae
No full text
A CASE REPORT ON DEATH DUE TO AN ASTHMATIC ATTACK OBSERVED IN A GUINEA PIG WITH TDI-INDUCED ASTHMA
No full textこの論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。The present paper is a case report on death due to an asthmatic attack found in an experimental model of asthma. The model was developed in guinea pigs by intranasal application of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) for both sensitization and provocation. Among 120 animals with TDI-induced asthma, only one (A-1) died of the attack provoked by the application of TDI. Histopathology of the lungs and the nasal mucosa of A-1 was studied on paraffin-embedded and/or Epon 812-embedded tissue sections. The results were compared with our previous data in other test animals which were sacrificed immediatly after the provocations. While there were some changes common in the lungs of all the test animals including A-1, other changes were seen in only A-1. The former included emphysema, bronchoconstriction, and eosinophilic infiltration, which were similar to pathological changes in asthmatic patients. The latter included narrowing of the airway with hyperplasia of goblet cells, indicative of the cause of A-1's death. The following changes were observed in the nasal mucosa of A-1 : destruction and falling of ciliated cells, intraepithelial edema, hyperplasia of goblet cells, and increase of mast cells. In particular, the former two changes drew our attention, because they had never before been observed in our TDI-induced asthma/nasal allergy model
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textWe collected \u3b2-hemolytic streptococci (1,611 isolates) from patients with invasive streptococcal infections in Japan during April 2010-March 2013. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) was most common (n = 693); 99% of patients with SDSE infections were elderly (mean age 75 years, SD \ub115 years). We aimed to clarify molecular and epidemiologic characteristics of SDSE isolates and features of patient infections. Bacteremia with no identified focus of origin and cellulitis were the most prevalent manifestations; otherwise, clinical manifestations resembled those of S. pyogenes infections. Clinical manifestations also differed by patient's age. SDSE isolates were classified into 34 emm types; stG6792 was most prevalent (27.1%), followed by stG485 and stG245. Mortality rates did not differ according to emm types. Multilocus sequence typing identified 46 sequence types and 12 novel types. Types possessing macrolide- and quinolone-resistance genes were 18.4% and 2.6%, respectively; none showed \u3b2-lactam resistance. Among aging populations, invasive SDSE infections are an increasing risk
- …
