5,742 research outputs found
Raman Pumping as an Energy Efficient Solution for NyWDM Flexible-grid Elastic Optical Networks
Get PDFThis paper investigates transparent wavelength routed optical networks using three different fiber types NZDSF, SMF and PSCF - and validates the effectiveness of Hybrid Raman/EDFA Fiber Amplification (HFA) with different pumping levels, up to the moderate 60% pumping regime. Nodes operate on the basis of flexible-grid elastic NyWDM transponders able to adapt the modulation format to the quality-of-transmission of the available lightpath, exploiting up to five 12.5 GHz spectral slots. Results consider a 37- node Pan-European network for variable Raman pumping level, span length and average traffic per node. We show that HFA in moderate pumping regime reduces the power consumption and enhances spectral efficiency for all three fiber types with particular evidence in NZDSF. In essence to that, introduction of HFA is also beneficial to avoid blocking for higher traffic loads
Implementation of KH Ahmad Dahlan's educational thoughts in the merdeka curriculum
Get PDFThis research aims to see how the thoughts of KH Ahmad Dahlan are implemented in the kurikulum merdeka that is being promoted by the government through KEMDIKBUDRISTEK. The research method used is a literature review where the author collects data on the educational thoughts of KH Ahmad Dahlan, independent curriculum and discusses how it is implemented. The results of the study show that the thoughts of KH Ahmad Dahlan are implemented in the independent curriculum in several aspects including: in the education system, namely the integration of religious and Scientific knowledge curricula, in the aspect of educational goals, namely the formation of students who are religiously knowledgeable and intelligent in insight and scientific views which are reflected in the Pancasila student profile, in terms of technical implementation, namely indications of pending development of educational implementation, in terms of learning methods namely contextual learning which is reflected in intracurricular and cocurricular learning models on independent curriculum. In addition to these four aspects, both KH Ahmad Dahlan and the concept of independent curriculum focus on developing students both individually and socially. The implication of this research is the formation of educational institutions that truly become an answer to the needs of students in facing the development of time, not just schools as a formality to get a diploma. As for educators, they should be more open-minded so that they are ready to develop and ready to become a solution for student development
Exploiting the transmission layer in logical topology design of flexible-grid optical networks
No full textFlexible-grid optical networks are the most convincing candidate for the evolution of backbone optical networks thanks to their high spectral efficiency and flexibility. We propose an original approach to the logical topology design (LTD) problem in the offline planning phase. We deal with the LTD problem using heuristic algorithms incorporating a detailed transmission layer model. Several heuristic algorithms, allocating traffic demands in different orderings, are considered for lightpath provisioning. Traffic ordering schemes are mainly based on two parameters: traffic demands capacity and lightpath physical route length. Through simulative analyses, we provide a performance comparison of different heuristics, using parameters like spectral efficiency, amount of blocked traffic and total number of transceivers. We also show the importance of integrating a detailed physical layer modeling in the network design phase
Exploring the Effects of Physical Layer Parameters in WDM based Fixed and Flexible-Grid Networks
No full textWe focus on the design of the logical layer on an optical infrastructure for three different architectures: fixed grid WDM with fixed-rate multilevel modulation (WDM-FRMF), fixed grid WDM with time-domain hybrid modulation formats (WDM-TDHFM) and flexible grid (FG). A fairly detailed physical layer modeling is considered in the network design algorithms. Simulations are performed on a 20 nodes network with varying traffic loads. Besides comparing the two paradigms of flexible and fixed grid networks, including both pure and hybrid modulation formats, in terms of their spectral efficiency and number of blocked requests, we show the importance of integrating a detailed physical layer modeling in the network design phase. We mostly focus on the investigation of the impact of changing physical layer design parameters such as fiber type and span length on network level performanc
Impact of fiber type and Raman pumping in NyWDM flexible-grid elastic optical networks
No full textWe analyse transparent wavelength routed optical networks using three different fiber types: NZDSF, SMF PSCF, and verify the effectiveness of Hybrid Raman/EDFA Fiber Amplification (HFA) with different pumping levels, up to the moderate 60% pumping regime. Nodes operate on the basis of flexible-grid elastic NyWDM transponders able to adapt the modulation format to the quality-of-transmission of the available lightpath, exploiting up to five 12.5 GHz spectral slots. Results consider a 37-node Pan-European network for variable Raman pumping level, span length and average traffic per node. We show that HFA in moderate pumping regime reduces the spectral occupancy for all three fiber types with particular evidence in NZDSF
A Transmission Layer Aware Network Design for Fixed and Flexible Grid Optical Networks
No full textWe focus on the design of the logical layer on an optical infrastructure for three different architectures: fixed
grid WDM with fixed-rate multilevel modulation, fixed-grid WDM with time-domain hybrid modulation
formats and flexible grid. A fairly detailed physical layer modelling is considered in the network design
algorithms. We perform a sensitivity analysis of network and physical layer parameters, such as the link length,
the traffic load and the Q margin, to understand how each parameter influences the network design. Besides
comparing the two paradigms of flexible and fixed grid networks, including both pure and hybrid modulation
formats, in terms of their spectral efficiency and power consumption, we show the importance of integrating a
detailed physical layer modelling in the network design phase
Merit of Raman pumping in fixed-grid all-optical network exploiting multi-rate transponders
No full textThe constant need to improve network capacity and reduce power consumption incurrent fixed-grid WDM networks motivates researchers to find alternative solu-tions other than replacing the deployed equipment. One of the possible solutions isthe use of hybrid EDFA/Raman amplifier, which improves signal-to-noise-ratio ina point-to-point link. This work aims at quantifying, by means of a detailed powermodel, the effect of these novel ideas on the power consumption of the network,which is key to build a future green Internet. In particular, we consider the use of arandomly generated topology of 20 nodes to study the effect of hybrid amplification,fiber type, fiber span length, and sensitivity to average link length and average trafficper node. Results show that hybrid amplification in moderate pumping regime min-imizes total network power consumption for networks made up of all 3 fiber typesin particular for nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber
Developing Guidebook of Sexual Violence Prevention and Control in Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Get PDFHigher education should be a safe and comfortable place for students to receive education. However, in reality, many cases of sexual violence occur in the university environment. Many victims of sexual violence do not dare to report the incident to the authorities. Meanwhile, some victims who have reported their cases have not received a resolution to the problems they complained about. Based on the results of a student needs survey, as many as 64.7% of students need a guidebook for preventing and controlling sexual violence. Based on the survey results, the author aims to research and develop a guidebook for preventing and controlling sexual violence. After going through four stages of R&D 4D model, this guidebook contains the background, scope, juridical and empirical studies, and mechanisms for preventing and controlling sexual violence. Based on the results of media expert validation tests, this book obtained an Index Aiken’s V Coefficient of 0.81 which is in the high category. Meanwhile, the results of material expert validation tests show that the Index Aiken’s V Coefficient of this book is 0.83, which is also included in the high category. This guidebook will be used as a reference in realizing efforts to prevent and overcome sexual violence in the higher education environment, especially at Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Flexible superconducting ceramic polymer composites and method of making same, U.S. Patent 5,108,981
No full textSuperconducting ceramic material is woven into an interconnected structure and embedded in a polymer to produce a flexible, superconducting ceramic material. The polymer also provides protection from moisture. The ceramic polymer composite is fabricated by soaking a carbon fabric in a solution of metal nitrates, ethylene glycol and citric acid to yield a nominal composition of, for example, YBa2Cu3O7-x. Heat treatment results in the decomposition of the nitrates, organics and carbon fabric to produce an interconnected structure of the superconducting ceramic material which takes the shape of the original carbon fabric on a reduced scale. In addition, the processing conditions yield significant grain orientation. The superconducting grains of the ceramic material align along the direction of the original fabric weave which provides an improvement of the critical current densities
Impact of Fiber Types and Raman Pumping in Reconfigurable DWDM Transparent Optical Networks
No full textWe study the impact of different fibers with moderate pumping hybrid amplification in transparent networks using elastic transponders based on pure (PMF) or hybrid (TDHMF) modulation formats. TDHMF always over performs PMF. Advantages vary with Raman pumping and fiber typ
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