1,721,438 research outputs found
HHV-8 infection in African children
No full textHuman herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is prevalent in Africa and parts of southern Europe, but less common elsewhere. It is analogous to its distant relative, the Epstein-Barr virus, in that it rarely causes disease in the immunocompetent host but is highly oncogenic when associated with immunosuppression or HIV-1 infection. HHV-8 infection is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where high seroprevalence rates of up to 58% in young children were found in Ghana, Tanzania, Cameroon, Uganda and Egypt. Paediatric HHV-8 transmission has been studied in various African populations. Frequent detection of the virus from oral secretions suggests the horizontal route is the most common way to acquire the virus during childhood. A clinical presentation characterized by a self-limited maculopapular rash and fever was associated with HHV-8 primary infection in Egyptian children
Serological testing for human herpesvirus 8
No full textHuman herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has been identified in skin lesions of patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and is now considered a co-factor for the development of the neoplasm associated with this disease. Several laboratory tests are currently available for use in the detection of HHV-8 antibodies--immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays being the most frequently used tests. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the existence of hyperendemic regions where HHV-8 infection is ubiquitous and often acquired early in childhood. The role of HHV-8 in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma has yet to be clarified completely and data collected from the epidemiological studies of HHV-8 prevalence may be useful in gaining a better understanding of the different factors involved in tumour development
HBV infection in HIV-driven immune suppression
No full textWorldwide, approximately 10% of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people are also chronically coinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV infection has a poor prognosis in HIV-positive people and has been documented by an increased risk of developing chronic HBV infection (CHB), progression to liver fibrosis and end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Furthermore, in HIV patients, HBV-resolved infection is often associated with the appearance of HBV-DNA, which configures occult HBV infection (OBI) as a condition to be explored in coinfected patients. In this narrative review we summarize the main aspects of HBV infection in HIV-positive patients, emphasizing the importance of carefully considering the coinfected patient in the context of therapeutic strategies of antiretroviral therapy
[Controversies concerning the use of zidovudine in the treatment of asymptomatic HIV+ subjects with a low number of CD4+ lymphocytes]
No full textEpidemiological record on infectious diseases | NOTIZIARIO EPIDEMIOLOGICO DELLE MALATTIE INFETTIVE
No full textHIV Replication at Low Copy Number and its Correlation with the HIV Reservoir: A Clinical Perspective.
No full textThe efficacy of combination therapy (antiretroviral therapy-ARV) is demonstrated by the high rates of viral suppression achieved in most treated HIV patients. Whereas contemporary treatments may continuously suppress HIV replication, they do not eliminate the latent reservoir, which can reactivate HIV infection if ARV is discontinued. The persistence of HIV proviral DNA and infectious viruses in CD4+ T cells and others cells has long been considered a major obstacle in eradicating the HIV virus in treated patients. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the persistence of HIV replication at low copies in most patients on suppressive ARV. The source of this ‘residual viraemia’ and whether it declines over years of therapy remain unknown. Similarly, little is known regarding the biological relationships between the HIV reservoir and viral replication at low copies. The question of whether this ‘residual viraemia’ represents active replication or the release of non-productive virus fr..
Rapid diagnosis and typing of Herpes simplex virus infections by specific monoclonal antibodies | DIAGNOSI RAPIDA E TIPIZZAZIONE VIRALE CON ANTICORPI MONOCLONALI SPECIFICI IN CORSO DI INFEZIONE DA HERPES SIMPLEX
No full textEpidemiological record on infectious diseases | NOTIZIARIO EPIDEMIOLOGICO DELLE MALATTIE INFETTIVE
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