121,949 research outputs found
The effect of anisotropy on residual stress values and modification of Serruys approach to residual stress calculations for coatings such as TiN, ZrN and HfN
No full textThe residual stresses in literature on hard coatings (e.g., TiN, CrN, HfN and ZrN) are usually calculated using the mechanical elastic constants often determined by indentation technique by assuming isotropic behavior. The effect of anisotropy of the hard coatings on residual stress values such as TiN, ZrN and HfN has been documented using classical technique and Thin Film techniques (fixed incidence multiplane (FIM) Technique). Due to lack of the single crystal data, the anisotropy of coatings has been taken into account through XECs determined experimentally for ZrN, HfN and TiN films. Recently, single crystal elastic constants of the ZrN, HfN and NbN have been measured. In the light of single crystal elastic constant data, residual stresses reported in the literature were reevaluated according to Reuss, Voigt, Hill (or mixed) and Kroner models using the best fitting approach after modifying Serruys approach. The modified Serruys approach captures the anisotropic behavior of coatings such as ZrN and Zr(Hf)N. The residual stress calculations were improved and the residual stress values were significantly increased as high as 30% compared to the previously published data. The best fitting approach (modified Serruys approach) was compared to the procedure used by Perry using experimentally determined XECs. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Three-dimensional ultrasonographic demonstration of agenesis of the 12th rib in a fetus with trisomy 21
No full textKinetics and mechanisms of biosorption of copper ion onto waste yeast (S. cerevisiae)
No full textSpringer NetherlandsHeavy metals are the most common pollutants found in industrial effluents. Several chemical treatment methods are used to remove heavy metals from aquatic solutions. Recently, biosorption process which utilizes various microbial materials (bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae etc.) has been preferred to remove pollutants. In this study, waste yeast taken from yeast factory in Turkey was used as (working volume of 100 ml) biosorbent in erlenmeyer batch experiments by using temperature controlled shaker and copper (II) ion biosorption was examined. The effects of initial pH (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), initial copper concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg L?1), biosorbent amount (1, 3, 5, 7 10 g L?1), contact time (5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 240, 1440 min.) and temperature (20, 30, 40, 50 °C) parameters on to biosorption process were investigated. Optimum biosorption capacity was found as pH 5, 100 mg L?1 of initial copper concentration, 10 g L?1 biosorbent amount and 1440 min. of contact time. The experimental equilibrium data fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. Freundlich models fitted better than Langmuir models. The maximum adsorption capacity of waste yeast was determined as 7.94 mg g?1and Freundlich isotherm values n and kf were found to be 1.55 and 0.21 respectively. Pseudo-second order kinetic model was suitable for biosorption kinetics. According to calculated thermodynamic parameters (?H, ?G and ?S), biosorption of copper onto waste yeast was exothermic. As a conclusion; it was found that copper (II) removal by using waste yeast was low. Activation of biomaterial by pretreatment can be resulted in increasing of removal rate. Use of waste materials in pollution control is important for economic issue. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015.Sarioglu Cebeci, M.; Cumhuriyet University, Department of Environmental EngineeringTurkey; email: [email protected]
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Dissipative Range Scaling of Higher Order Structure Functions for Velocity and Passive Scalars
No full textDifferently to Kolmogorov's second similarity hypothesis, we find that the 2n-th order velocity and scalar structure functions scale with n-th order moment of the energy dissipation and the scalar dissipation, respectively. The origins of this scaling are analyzed by the transport equations of the fourth order velocity and scalar increment moments and by direct numerical simulations
Fast implementation of iterative adaptive approach for wideband unambiguous radar detection
No full textAccepted author manuscriptMicrowave Sensing, Signals & System
Ratio of n-6/n-3 in the diets of beef cattle
No full textEffects of feeding heat-treated canola (C), soybean (S) and flax (F) or mixtures on growth and slaughter characteristics, taste and fatty acid (FA) composition of beef tissue were investigated using 128 crossbred steers to determine the potential of improving the nutritional quality of beef for humans. For Trial 1 (48 steers), dietary treatments were: roasted C, extruded C, roasted S, extruded S, roasted F and extruded F. For Trial 2 (80 steers), the dietary treatments were: S:F (1:1), S:C (1:1), C:F (1:1) and S:F:C (1:1:1), and the oilseeds were processed either by roasting or extruding before mixing. Soybean meal and soybean oil were used to give equivalent lipid and protein contents to each experimental diet. The basal diet consisted of grass silage, barley grain, vitamins and minerals. Steers were fed for a minimum of 100d then slaughtered at a uniform degree of finish. Growth and slaughter characteristics of the steers were only slightly affected by dietary treatment in that the soybean-fed steers consumed more feed and had a higher average daily gain than the canola or flax-fed animals in Trial 1. There was no difference in taste panel parameters for any of the treatments. Inclusion of flax in the diet increased the total n-3 content of meat. Similar results were found for canola and C18:1n-9 although this was not the case for soybean and the n-6 FA. For the n-6 FA in the PL and neutral lipid fractions of the meat samples, levels were correlated with high dietary levels of n-6 or n-9 with low levels of n-3 while for the n-3 FA, levels were correlated with high dietary n-3 levels and low n-6 levels. Oilseed processing method did not have an effect on any fatty acid levels. It is possible to modify the FA composition of beef meat toward a healthier profile by including heat-treated oilseeds in the diet to influence the degree of lipid metabolism in the rumen.ID: S0377840111004007; M3: Article; Accession Number: S0377840111004007; Author: M.A. McNiven (a, ⁎); Author: J.L. Duynisveld (b); Author: T. Turner (a); Author: A.W. Mitchell (a); Affiliation: Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of PEI, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada C1A 4P3; Affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Nappan, NS, Canada B0L 1C0; Keyword: Oilseeds; Keyword: Roasted; Keyword: Extruded; Keyword: Fatty acids; Keyword: Healthy fat; Number of Pages: 11; Language: English
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