177,100 research outputs found
PROTON BEAM THERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC CNS TUMORS: AN OVERVIEW OF ONGOING TRIALS
No full textPROTON BEAM THERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC CNS TUMORS: AN OVERVIEW OF ONGOING TRIALS
Aims: Radiotherapy (RT) represents a fundamental approach in the multimodal management of pediatric
central nervous system (CNS) tumors and modern technologies are improving the dose-sparing of developing normal tissues with the aim to reduce the risk of late toxicities and secondary malignancies.Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) could lead to achieve these results due to the physical characteristics of protons.In this work we provide an overview of the ongoing trials which are evaluating the role of PBT in this setting. Methods: On 6th May 2019 we searched on clinicaltrials.gov website the following keywords: “Pediatric CNS tumors” and “Proton beam therapy”.We specifically included studies enrolling only pediatric patients and we excluded studies in suspended,terminated,withdrawn or unknown status. Results: Our search provided nine trials.Among them, three were in recruiting status and six were active but not recruiting.Centers in the United States were the major investigators.Two studies had Results: the NCT00105560 trial confirmed that PBT for medulloblastoma had similar survival outcomes compared to conventional RT, with acceptable toxicity; the NCT00602667 study – which is evaluating a risk-adapted approach to reduce radiation exposure in young children with medulloblastoma – suspended the option of consolidative PBT in intermediate-risk patients and continued focal photon-RT. The NCT01180881 and the NCT02559752 trials are assessing neurobehavioral functioning and neurocognitive performance after PBT, respectively.Information on patients’ quality of life after PBT (also for pediatric non-CNS tumors) are being collected in the NCT01115777 study.The NCT03281889 trial is studying bone spine-sparing PBT in pediatric craniospinal radiation with the aim to reduce the growth-decline.Acute and late toxicities of PBT craniospinal irradiation, as well as survival outcomes and treatment efficiency, are also being evaluating in the NCT01063114 trial.Similarly, the NCT01067196 trial is studying late effects and survival outcomes of PBT for CNS tumors.Finally, the NCT03696355 trial is assessing the antitumor activity of GDC-0084 in patients with diffuse pontine/midline gliomas and its combined effects with PBT/RT. Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest that PBT may represent an alternative to photon-treatments for pediatric CNS tumors, especially for medulloblastoma.Confirms from ongoing prospective studies are necessary to clearly define PBT effectiveness and safety
La valutazione ex-ante dei PSR 2007-13 in Italia: modelli a confronto
No full textLa ricerca nasce dalla constatazione che, pur in presenza di una indubbia moltiplicazione delle valutazioni dei programmi di sviluppo rurale, non sembra ci sia una simile proliferazione di studi e analisi "delle valutazioni" e in particolare di analisi delle valutazioni complesse come quelle dei Programmi di Sviluppo Rurale (PSR). Attraverso l'analisi e la comparazione dei 21 rapporti di valutazione ex ante dei PSR italiani, si vuole ricostruire il meccanismo della valutazione, con specifico riferimento agli aspetti metodologici, ai modelli e alle procedure adottati dai valutatori. È un esercizio meta valutativo che intende ricomporre il percorso metodologico complessivo adottato dai valutatori. L'interesse principale è sul come i giudizi di valore sono stati ideati, costruiti e concepiti. Il contributo si propone di entrare nel merito del dibattito sulle metodologie poiché pone in evidenza la rilevanza delle metodologie e delle procedure valutative adottate nella prassi valutativa rispetto alla complessità degli oggetti valutativi
Prezzo edonico per le stime rurali: la scelta delle variabili qualitative
No full textThe paper deals with the quantification of the ordinal variables in order to apply Hedonic Pricing Method in real estate appraisal. A comparison between two hedonic models has been carried out. Models have been calculated by means of different quantification criteria of the above-mentioned variables. Outstanding structural (introduced variables) and numerical (coefficients values) differences have been highlighted, pointing out the importance of a careful market survey by which a “reasoned” quantification of the qualitative features can be derived
Wind farms, farmland occupation and compensation: Evidences from landowners’ preferences through a stated choice survey in Italy
Get PDFThe willingness to accept the construction of wind farms on private properties is investigated using a latent class model approach. This type of research is required in view of the frequent conflicts between landowners and system operators, who often pay little in easement compensation. This study highlights the fact that the acceptance of wind farms is a multifaceted issue comprising aspects relating to socioeconomics, farm type, territory, and past experience. In particular, the compensation claimed by landowners depends on the property's size, the number of turbines, the crop, the presence of surrounding wind farms, natural impacts, the landscape configuration, land fragmentation, land agreements, the presence of other wind towers on the property, and past experience with system operators concerning transparency and participation in the siting and planning phases. Stakeholders should take these factors into account to develop energy policies based on clear, and well-structured processes concerning the siting, planning, construction, and management of wind farms, in order to prevent conflict and to benefit the community and environment
Model tree: An application in Real Estate Appraisal
No full textIn the last twenty years in real estate appraisal there has been a growing interest for new and reliable assessment techniques essentially through the introduction of pluriparametric estimate, in particular of linear regression. However, also these techniques seem having not a great deal of adherence to very complex markets, for which the detection of best suited techniques to investigate market segments is necessary. The aim of the research is to test the applicative possibilities of model tree to land market, in order to highlight possible market segments in the original data set not detectable a priori
La stima dell'indennità per servitù di elettrodotto coattivo mediante uno studio del mercato fondiario in Puglia
Get PDFHigh-voltage overhead transmission lines on farmland imply a permanent easement. System operators should compensate for expropriation of land and depreciation of the remaining farm area, but recognize only the former. Therefore, landowners often appeal to the law courts for fairer refunds. This study highlights that the area occupied by plinths and cabins, the height of pylons and the type of intersection are the main sources of depreciation. Moreover, electric transmission lines depreciate the residual farm area, but involving only two narrow strips of land on either side of infrastructures. Finally, the depreciation tends to decrease rapidly as the distance from the transmission line increases
Community preferences in support of a conservation programme for olive landraces in the Mediterranean area
No full textThis study focused on the willingness of the Apulian community in Italy to pay for olive landraces in a conservation programme. A choice experiment approach through a latent class model was carried out in order to investigate different characteristics of people that could increase the effectiveness and efficiency of conservation policies by decision-makers. The analysis allowed us to identify three groups of families, each with very different socioeconomic characteristics. Policy implications suggest the need to develop a better knowledge system on the benefits of olive landraces and to implement suitable strategies for better placement of local products in the market
Recovery and Resilience of the Inner Areas: Identifying Collective Policy Actions through PROMETHEE II
Get PDFInner areas are rural areas with low population density, distant from the main hotspots offering essential welfare services and endowed with significant environmental assets and cultural heritage. In Italy, their development is at the core of the national strategy for inner areas. Specific documents and program agreements were issued for each inner area and summarized the intervention themes and projects to implement. However, when the inner areas are considered within a regional territorial ‘matrix’, further collective policy actions have to be identified, through comparison and in-depth analysis of their features and influence on development. Therefore, this research aims to identify and analyse the development needs and potentialities of the inner areas, for strengthening the national strategy and improving their recovery and resilience through collective policy actions. The Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA) method PROMETHEE II was applied as research methodology to four inner areas in Puglia region (southern Italy), using 43 indicators organized into seven thematic dimensions and setting specific parameters. The results enabled to delineate the overall development score of the four inner areas, and the profile of each inner area based on every indicator and dimension. By analysing this profile, key thematic dimensions where to direct collective policy actions were identified, related mainly to contrast with the depopulation by improving specific essential services (e.g., digitalization, health, education) and to foster the development of agriculture, tourism, and cultural heritage. This research can be considered a first step for future broader studies, to guide the process of policy making for the recovery and resilience of European and Italian inner areas with a multi-perspective approach
Community preferences in support of a conservation programme for olive landraces in the Mediterranean area
Get PDFThis study focused on the willingness of the Apulian community in Italy to pay for olive landraces in a conservation programme. A choice experiment approach through a latent class model was carried out in order to investigate different characteristics of people that could increase the effectiveness and efficiency of conservation policies by decision-makers. The analysis allowed us to identify three groups of families, each with very different socioeconomic characteristics. Policy implications suggest the need to develop a better knowledge system on the benefits of olive landraces and to implement suitable strategies for better placement of local products in the market
Latent relationships between environmental impacts of cultivation practices and land market: Evidences from a spatial quantile regression analysis in Italy
Get PDFSeveral economic approaches can be carried out for managing the environmental impacts in agriculture, i.e. property and bargaining rights, economic incentives, ecological fees, etc. These approaches can be mainly applied to the cultivation phase or to the markets of the agricultural commodities. However, a further ambit in which the regulatory systems could be useful to trigger sustainable cultivation practices is the farmland market. Hence, this study contributes to the setting of market mechanisms based on incentives or fees related to the environmental impacts of farming practices for reducing the pressures of the production processes on the environmental components. The study, through a hedonic pricing method based on a spatial quantile regression and integrated by an environmental analysis, highlights different trends of land value determinants along the quantiles of the selling prices as the intensity of the cultivation system varies. The results show that the most important value determinants of the vineyards cultivated through the semi-extensive production system are related to the quality of grapes. Conversely, in presence of the intensive production system, the most important value determinants are related to the high yields, which also generate high greenhouse gas emissions, in contrast with the “polluter pays” principle. The results allow the assessment of the implicit marginal prices concerning the impact of the environmental indicator on land value per cultivation system, so as to favour the setting of regulatory monetary strategies able to foster farmers towards cleaner agricultural practices
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