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Polyclad fauna of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India: new records and description of two new species
No full textDixit, Sudhanshu, Bayyana, Sharad, Manjebrayakath, Hashim, Saravanane, N., Sudhakar, M. (2019): Polyclad fauna of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India: new records and description of two new species. Zootaxa 4657 (2): 246-260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.
FIGURE 6. a in Polyclad fauna of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India: new records and description of two new species
No full textFIGURE 6. a—Pseudoceros stellans sp. nov. (ex-situ) from Agatti Island (Holotype: IO/IT/POY/00006); b—pseuotentacles and cerebral eyes (preserved specimen); c—dorsal surface of preserved specimen; d—ventral surface (preserved specimen).Published as part of Dixit, Sudhanshu, Bayyana, Sharad, Manjebrayakath, Hashim, Saravanane, N. & Sudhakar, M., 2019, Polyclad fauna of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India: new records and description of two new species, pp. 246-260 in Zootaxa 4657 (2) on page 256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/376911
Himantolophus kalami Rajeeshkumar & Pietsch & Saravanane 2022, sp. nov.
No full textHimantolophus kalami sp. nov. New English name: Indian footballfish Figs. 1–3 Holotype. IO/SS/FIS/00712, female, 150 mm SL, Northern Andaman, Andaman Nicobar Islands, FORV Sagar Sampada, station 36708, 13.26° N, 93.26° E, 934 m, High Speed Demersal Trawl (HSDT), 06:36, 26 November 2017 Diagnosis. A species of the Himantolophus albinares -group having a simple but unique illicial morphology: anterior escal appendages absent; illicium short; relatively long, symmetrically divided posterior escal appendages (33.3% SL), with equally divided tips (2.7% SL); a simple basimedial filament and a pair of basilateral filaments on the ventral side of the esca; illicial stem and escal appendages without lateral appendages or filaments. Description. Metamorphosed female, body globose, but slightly elongated; illicium emerging from between eyes; distance between upper jaw symphysis to origin of illicium, 20 mm (13.3% SL); illicium short and stout, 36.5 mm long (24.3% SL), without lateral appendages on stem; relatively large esca, length of escal bulb 9.0 mm (6.0% SL), width 5.0 mm (3.2% SL), depth 6.0 mm (3.9% SL); distal escal swellings distinctly divided into two lateral lobes, escal pore on posterior margin of bulb in between lateral lobes; a simple, slender unpaired basimedial filament, 7.5 mm long (5.0% SL) emerging from ventral side of esca just below escal pore; a pair of basilateral filaments, 8.5 mm long (5.6% SL) emerging from posteriolateral surface of esca (Figs. 2A–C, 3). Well-developed sphenotic spines; sphenotic width 27 mm (18.0% SL); posterior escal appendage unusually long, 50 mm (33.3% SL), divided near base into two main branches, each main branch bifurcated at tip, each tip equal in length, 4.0 mm long (2.6% SL); undivided part of escal appendage, 9.0 mm long (6.0% SL); entire illicial stem and escal bulb fully covered with minute dermal spinules. Length of posterior escal appendages sparsely covered with minute dermal spinules except at divided tips. Dorsal-fin rays 5, first and second rays closely packed, remaining bifurcated; anal-fin rays 4, first simple, remaining rays bifurcated. Caudal-fin rays 9, first two and last two rays closely packed, remaining rays bifurcated. Approximately 60 small and large dermal spines on each side of body. Five or six dermal spines on pectoral-fin base. Snout and chin with well-developed wartlike papillae. Jaw teeth arranged in several oblique series, both halves of upper jaw teeth 93, lower jaw teeth 82. Longest tooth in upper jaw 4.0 mm (2.6% SL), lower jaw tooth 6.0 mm (4.0% SL). Eye diameter 5.0 mm (3.3% SL), length of illicial stem 39 mm (26.0% SL). Coloration. Body uniform bluish black when fresh (Fig. 1A); dorsal, anal and caudal fins, and especially the membranes between rays light pink with black edges; pectoral fins dark purple. Illicium black, entire distal appendages deep blue except divided tips and escal bulb at base of distal appendages which are silvery white. Escal swelling white, half of lateral lobes white, remaining portion pigmented. White patches on skin absent.When preserved (Fig. 1B) entire body and illicium brown except esca which somewhat retains its original coloration. Distribution. The new species is known only from the type locality, in the eastern part of the northern Andaman Islands, trawled off the bottom at a depth of 934 m. Etymology. The species is named in honor of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, an eminent aerospace scientist and former President of India, for his many contributions to the field of space research and India’s missile technology. He was very keen in encouraging students and greatly motivated them with his inspiring books and speeches.Published as part of Rajeeshkumar, Meleppura, Pietsch, Theodore W. & Saravanane, Naryanane, 2022, A new species of deep-sea anglerfish, genus Himantolophus (Lophiiformes: Himantolophidae) from the Andaman Sea, India, pp. 589-594 in Zootaxa 5178 (6) on page 590, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.6.6, http://zenodo.org/record/703750
Pseudoceros stellans Dixit & Bayyana & Manjebrayakath & Saravanane & Sudhakar 2019, sp. nov.
No full textPseudoceros stellans sp. nov. Dixit (Figs. 6, 7 & 8) Material examined: Holotype: One specimen (13 × 9 mm) as serial sections (16 Slides), remainder of animal in 70% ethanol. Collected on 21.5.2018, 15 m depth, Agatti Island (10°52′28′′N 72°11′11′′E), Lakshadweep, India (Regn. no. IO /IT/POY/00006) Type locality: Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India. Etymology: From the Latin stellans (adjective) — starry or star studded; for stars like appearance on dorsum Diagnosis: Background body colour brown with numerous small white to yellow microdots on dorsum. Different sized yellow blotches present on dorsum but most of the small white blotches are present on marginal area. Half of the median area is marbled with irregular white shading, thus appearing as depigmented area. A thick black marginal band run around whole body including pseudotentacles. This marginal band is studded with microdots and small yellow blotches. Pseudotentacles are simple folding of the anterior margin, black and spotted with white dots on dorsal side. Cerebral eye cluster horseshoe shaped. Description: Live. Body small, oval and margin without ruffles. Background body colour brown (Fig. 6a). Numerous small white to yellow microdots present all over dorsum. White dots are numerous near median area and gradually turns yellow towards margins. Many yellow blotches of different sizes on dorsum near margins (Fig. 6a). Anterior half of median area is marbled with irregular white shading. Marginal band thick and black with minute yellow microdots and small yellow blotches. Pseudotentacles are simple foldings of the anterior margin, black and spotted with white dots on dorsal side. Cerebral eye cluster horseshoe shaped (Fig. 6b), tentacular eyes hard to recognize due to black colour of pseudotentacles. Ventral surface light brownish in colour. Preserved. Specimen brown in colour after fixation (Fig. 6c). Ventrally dull whitish in colour. Male and female pore are 0.6 mm apart, while female pore and sucker are 2 mm apart (Fig. 6d). Mouth and male pore are 1.2 mm apart while mouth and sucker are 3.9 mm apart. Pharynx ruffled with eight to nine folds and male pore is situated between last pair of pharyngeal folds. Cerebral eye cluster with about 60 - 65 eyes. Reproductive system: Male copulatory apparatus consists of seminal vesicle, free prostatic vesicle (Fig. 7a), penis papilla, penis stylet housed in male atrium which open outside via male pore. An oval seminal vesicle (317 x 157 µm) is present (Fig. 7b). Its rounded part oriented towards prostatic vesicle while tapered part is oriented towards cement glands. A free, small, circular and thick walled prostatic vesicle (80 x 58 µm) is present anterior to seminal vesicle (Fig. 7 a, b). Thickness of prostatic vesicle’s wall varies from 15 to 20 µm. Male atrium conical (283 µm x 187 µm) housing conical penis papilla (170 µm) with a stylet (Fig. 7c). Female copulatory apparatus consists of vagina, cement pouch surrounded by dense cement glands and female atrium. The vagina opens to a short female atrium via cement pouch which receives secretion from cement glands (Fig. 7c). Taxonomic remarks: Presence of ruffled pharynx, male copulatory apparatus just behind pharyngeal cavity, free prostatic vesicle, marginal tentacles formed by upfolding of anterior margin, centrally located sucker behind female pore (Faubel 1984) places Pseudoceros stellans sp. nov. in the family Pseudocerotidae while presence of characters such as smooth dorsal surface, single male copulatory apparatus with seminal vesicle (Fig. 4a) and armed penis papilla, pseudotentacles as simple folds of anterior margin, female pore equidistant from male pore and sucker (Faubel 1984; Newman and Cannon 1998) place this newly described species in the genus Pseudoceros. All of the above mentioned characters can be recognised in the present species from Agatti Island. The newly described species differs from all other congeners on the basis of dorsal colour and spots. Although there are some species under the genus Pseudoceros with spots (Pseudoceros astrorum Bulnes and Torres, 2014 Pseudoceros heroensis Newman and Cannon, 1994; P. josei Newman and Cannon, 1998; P. kylie Newman and Cannon, 1998; P. laingensis Newman and Cannon, 1998; P. leptostictus Bock, 1913, P. lindae Newman and Cannon, 1994; P. nigropunctatus Dixit, Raghunathan and Chandra, 2017 and P. vishnui Dixit, Raghunathan and Chandra, 2017) but the colour, size, arrangement, density and distribution of spots varies from species to species and is used for species identification. Pseudoceros josei, in terms of background colour and spots size and arrangement shows some affinity with the presently described species but it doesn’t have black marginal band. The spots turn white towards the margin (Newman and Cannon, 2005) which is opposite in case of P. stellans sp. nov. where spots turns yellow towards margin. Pseudoceros astrorum is also characterised by dark brown background with spots but it has a white marginal rim which is not present in P. stellans sp. nov. Pseudoceros kylie also possess dark brown background with cream microdots but has bright orange broken band just before the rim while the marginal band is black and continuous in P. stellans sp. nov. Other species such as P. laingensis (purple spots), P. leptostictus (small black and orange spots), P. lindae (golden yellow spots), P nigropunctatus (black spots with cream halo) and P. vishnui (purple to violet spots) possess spots with different types of colours, distribution and different type of marginal bands. Thus, in the light of above mentioned characters and comparisons, P. stellans sp. nov. is reported as a new species to science.Published as part of Dixit, Sudhanshu, Bayyana, Sharad, Manjebrayakath, Hashim, Saravanane, N. & Sudhakar, M., 2019, Polyclad fauna of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India: new records and description of two new species, pp. 246-260 in Zootaxa 4657 (2) on page 255, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/376911
Pseudoceros stellans Dixit & Bayyana & Manjebrayakath & Saravanane & Sudhakar 2019, sp. nov.
No full textPseudoceros stellans sp. nov. Dixit (Figs. 6, 7 & 8) Material examined: Holotype: One specimen (13 × 9 mm) as serial sections (16 Slides), remainder of animal in 70% ethanol. Collected on 21.5.2018, 15 m depth, Agatti Island (10°52′28′′N 72°11′11′′E), Lakshadweep, India (Regn. no. IO /IT/POY/00006) Type locality: Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India. Etymology: From the Latin stellans (adjective) — starry or star studded; for stars like appearance on dorsum Diagnosis: Background body colour brown with numerous small white to yellow microdots on dorsum. Different sized yellow blotches present on dorsum but most of the small white blotches are present on marginal area. Half of the median area is marbled with irregular white shading, thus appearing as depigmented area. A thick black marginal band run around whole body including pseudotentacles. This marginal band is studded with microdots and small yellow blotches. Pseudotentacles are simple folding of the anterior margin, black and spotted with white dots on dorsal side. Cerebral eye cluster horseshoe shaped. Description: Live. Body small, oval and margin without ruffles. Background body colour brown (Fig. 6a). Numerous small white to yellow microdots present all over dorsum. White dots are numerous near median area and gradually turns yellow towards margins. Many yellow blotches of different sizes on dorsum near margins (Fig. 6a). Anterior half of median area is marbled with irregular white shading. Marginal band thick and black with minute yellow microdots and small yellow blotches. Pseudotentacles are simple foldings of the anterior margin, black and spotted with white dots on dorsal side. Cerebral eye cluster horseshoe shaped (Fig. 6b), tentacular eyes hard to recognize due to black colour of pseudotentacles. Ventral surface light brownish in colour. Preserved. Specimen brown in colour after fixation (Fig. 6c). Ventrally dull whitish in colour. Male and female pore are 0.6 mm apart, while female pore and sucker are 2 mm apart (Fig. 6d). Mouth and male pore are 1.2 mm apart while mouth and sucker are 3.9 mm apart. Pharynx ruffled with eight to nine folds and male pore is situated between last pair of pharyngeal folds. Cerebral eye cluster with about 60 - 65 eyes. Reproductive system: Male copulatory apparatus consists of seminal vesicle, free prostatic vesicle (Fig. 7a), penis papilla, penis stylet housed in male atrium which open outside via male pore. An oval seminal vesicle (317 x 157 µm) is present (Fig. 7b). Its rounded part oriented towards prostatic vesicle while tapered part is oriented towards cement glands. A free, small, circular and thick walled prostatic vesicle (80 x 58 µm) is present anterior to seminal vesicle (Fig. 7 a, b). Thickness of prostatic vesicle’s wall varies from 15 to 20 µm. Male atrium conical (283 µm x 187 µm) housing conical penis papilla (170 µm) with a stylet (Fig. 7c). Female copulatory apparatus consists of vagina, cement pouch surrounded by dense cement glands and female atrium. The vagina opens to a short female atrium via cement pouch which receives secretion from cement glands (Fig. 7c). Taxonomic remarks: Presence of ruffled pharynx, male copulatory apparatus just behind pharyngeal cavity, free prostatic vesicle, marginal tentacles formed by upfolding of anterior margin, centrally located sucker behind female pore (Faubel 1984) places Pseudoceros stellans sp. nov. in the family Pseudocerotidae while presence of characters such as smooth dorsal surface, single male copulatory apparatus with seminal vesicle (Fig. 4a) and armed penis papilla, pseudotentacles as simple folds of anterior margin, female pore equidistant from male pore and sucker (Faubel 1984; Newman and Cannon 1998) place this newly described species in the genus Pseudoceros. All of the above mentioned characters can be recognised in the present species from Agatti Island. The newly described species differs from all other congeners on the basis of dorsal colour and spots. Although there are some species under the genus Pseudoceros with spots (Pseudoceros astrorum Bulnes and Torres, 2014 Pseudoceros heroensis Newman and Cannon, 1994; P. josei Newman and Cannon, 1998; P. kylie Newman and Cannon, 1998; P. laingensis Newman and Cannon, 1998; P. leptostictus Bock, 1913, P. lindae Newman and Cannon, 1994; P. nigropunctatus Dixit, Raghunathan and Chandra, 2017 and P. vishnui Dixit, Raghunathan and Chandra, 2017) but the colour, size, arrangement, density and distribution of spots varies from species to species and is used for species identification. Pseudoceros josei, in terms of background colour and spots size and arrangement shows some affinity with the presently described species but it doesn’t have black marginal band. The spots turn white towards the margin (Newman and Cannon, 2005) which is opposite in case of P. stellans sp. nov. where spots turns yellow towards margin. Pseudoceros astrorum is also characterised by dark brown background with spots but it has a white marginal rim which is not present in P. stellans sp. nov. Pseudoceros kylie also possess dark brown background with cream microdots but has bright orange broken band just before the rim while the marginal band is black and continuous in P. stellans sp. nov. Other species such as P. laingensis (purple spots), P. leptostictus (small black and orange spots), P. lindae (golden yellow spots), P nigropunctatus (black spots with cream halo) and P. vishnui (purple to violet spots) possess spots with different types of colours, distribution and different type of marginal bands. Thus, in the light of above mentioned characters and comparisons, P. stellans sp. nov. is reported as a new species to science.Published as part of Dixit, Sudhanshu, Bayyana, Sharad, Manjebrayakath, Hashim, Saravanane, N. & Sudhakar, M., 2019, Polyclad fauna of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India: new records and description of two new species, pp. 246-260 in Zootaxa 4657 (2) on page 255, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/376911
Pseudoceros agattiensis Dixit & Bayyana & Manjebrayakath & Saravanane & Sudhakar 2019, sp. nov.
No full textPseudoceros agattiensis sp. nov. Dixit (Figs. 3, 4 & 5) Material examined: Holotype: One specimen (20 × 18 mm) as serial sections (10 Slides), remainder of animal in 70% ethanol. Collected on 12.5.2018, underneath rubble in intertidal area, Agatti Island (10°52′72′′N 72°12′12′′E), Lakshadweep, India. (Regn. No. IO /IT/POY/00005) Type locality: Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India. Etymology: The specific name refers to Agatti Island in Lakshadweep, where type specimen was collected. Diagnosis: Background body colour is brown in centre and fading to black towards the margin, covered with numerous white spots, densely arranged in the centre and sparse towards the margin. (Fig. 3a). Three longitudinal stripes runs throughout the dorsal surface. Median stripe is thin without any branches while lateral stripes are branches towards the margin. These stripes are white in centre and light brown at most extremities with bulging ends. Pseudotentacles are simple folding of the anterior margin and black in colour. Cerebral eye cluster horseshoe shaped (Fig. 3b). Description: Live. Body small, oval and margin without ruffles. Background body colour brown to black. Numerous small white spots present all over dorsal surface except on the three stripes. Marginal band thick and black with minute white spots present at very edge of the margin (Fig. 3a). These small white dots are very close which gives a very thin white rim like appearance. Dorsal surface patterned with three longitudinal stripes and its branches. Median stripe thin and without any branches, lateral stripes branched radiating towards margins. Lateral stripes are white in centre and light brown at most extremities with bulging ends. Some small bulged and incomplete stripes starting from margins towards median area ends abruptly before touching any stripe of either side. Pseudotentacles small and black. Cerebral eye cluster horseshoe shaped (Fig. 3b), tentacular eyes hard to locate due to black colour of pseudotentacles. Ventral surface brown in colour. Preserved. Specimen brown in colour after fixation. Ventrally dull brown in colour. Male and female pore are 0.8 mm apart, while female pore and sucker are 1.7 mm apart (Fig. 3c). Pharynx ruffled with seven folds and male pore is situated very near to last pair of pharyngeal folds (Fig. 3c). Pharynx is 2.9 mm long (measured externally) and distance between mouth and male pore is 1.4 mm. Cerebral eye cluster with about 50 -55 eyes. Reproductive system: Male copulatory apparatus consists of seminal vesicle, free prostatic vesicle, penis papilla, penis stylet housed in male atrium which open outside via male pore. A large, elongated and thick walled seminal vesicle (574 x 315 µm) is present (Fig. 4b, c). Its rounded part oriented towards prostatic vesicles while tapered part is oriented towards cement glands. An oblong and thick walled prostatic vesicle (187 x 91 µm) is present anterior of seminal vesicle (Fig. 4b). Thickness of prostatic vesicle’s wall varies from 10 to 15 µm. Male atrium conical (Fig. 4d) housing conical penis papilla (170 µm) with a short stylet (87 µm). The ejaculatory duct and the prostatic duct joins before entering the penis papilla (Fig. 4b). Male atrium opens to exterior via male gonopore. Female copulatory apparatus consists of oviducts, vagina, cement pouch surrounded by numerous cement glands and female atrium. The vagina opens to a short female atrium via cement pouch which receives secretion from cement glands. Taxonomic remarks: Presence of ruffled pharynx, male copulatory apparatus just behind pharyngeal cavity, free prostatic vesicle, marginal tentacles formed by upfolding of anterior margin, centrally located sucker behind female pore (Faubel 1984) places Pseudoceros agattiensis sp. nov. in the family Pseudocerotidae while presence of characters such as smooth dorsal surface, single male copulatory apparatus with seminal vesicle (Fig. 4a) and armed penis papilla, pseudotenctacles as simple folds of anterior margin, female pore equidistant from male pore and sucker (Faubel 1984; Newman and Cannon 1998) place this newly described species in the genus Pseudoceros. There are only few species in genus Pseudoceros which displays transverse streaks on dorsum namely Pseudoceros felis Neman and Cannon, 1994, Pseudoceros mororum Cuadrado, Moro and Norena, 2017; Pseudoceros zebra (Leuckart, 1828); Pseudoceros sp. 14 (see Neman and Cannon 2003; pg 79); Pseudoceros sp. 24 (see Neman and Cannon 2005) and Pseudoceros sp. 42 (see Neman and Cannon 2005). Pseudoceros felis is grey brown in colour with white to cream transverse streaks and spots which clearly differentiate it from Pseudoceros agattiensis sp. nov. Pseudoceros zebra have white streaks with black markings and yellow marginal band which differentiates it with newly described species. Pseudoceros sp. 14 is the fairly closest example we could find from the genus Pseudoceros in terms of colour and streaks, however no information is known about ventral surface or number of pores, so further comparison would be unclear and vague. Pseudoceros agattiensis sp. nov. can be readily distinguished from other congeners in terms of colour, arrangement and patterns of transverse streaks. The newly described species is a perfect example for importance of careful observation of colours and patterns especially among pseudocerotids. If not observed carefully, the newly described species can easily be confused with juvenile of Pseudobiceors bedfordi. A similar looking juvenile was photographed by Scott Johnson in Marshall Islands (Newman and Cannon 2005). Both species at first instance looks quite similar and can only be differentiated by careful examination of external characters (number of male pores) and colour patterns. Based on above mentioned characters and comparisons, we establish Pseudoceros agattiensis sp. nov. as new species to science.Published as part of Dixit, Sudhanshu, Bayyana, Sharad, Manjebrayakath, Hashim, Saravanane, N. & Sudhakar, M., 2019, Polyclad fauna of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India: new records and description of two new species, pp. 246-260 in Zootaxa 4657 (2) on pages 251-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/376911
FIGURE 5 in Polyclad fauna of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India: new records and description of two new species
No full textFIGURE 5. Pseudoceros agattiensis sp. nov. (Holotype: IO/IT/POY/00005); Diagrammatic reconstruction of male and female reproductive systemPublished as part of Dixit, Sudhanshu, Bayyana, Sharad, Manjebrayakath, Hashim, Saravanane, N. & Sudhakar, M., 2019, Polyclad fauna of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India: new records and description of two new species, pp. 246-260 in Zootaxa 4657 (2) on page 254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/376911
Periclimenella agattii sp. nov., a new Palaemonid shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from Lakshadweep Islands, India
No full textBharathi, S., Purushothaman, P., Akash, S., Jose, Sheena, Madhavan, Manu, Dhinakaran, A., Saravanane, N., Kumar, T.T. Ajith, Lal, Kuldeep Kumar (2019): Periclimenella agattii sp. nov., a new Palaemonid shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from Lakshadweep Islands, India. Zootaxa 4706 (3): 483-493, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4706.3.
Pseudoceros bicolor Verrill 1901
No full textPseudoceros bicolor Verrill, 1901 (Fig. 2d) Material examined: One specimen (11 x 9 mm) preserved in 10% formalin; collected on 05.05.2018 from eastern jetty, 15m depth (10°52′46′′N 72°12′21′′E), Agatti Island, Lakshadweep. (Regn. No. IO/DV/POY/00004) Description: Background colour yellow to light brown, numerous minute white spots present all over body except margins; marginal band white with greyish transversal stripes; dorsal longitudinal band speckled with interrupted brown and white blotches; pseudotentacles developed and square like, shaded with white and brown. Distribution: Lakshadweep, India (present study); Bermuda (Verrill 1901); Colombia (Quiroga et al. 2004); Jamaica; Belize; Hounduras; Panama (Rawlinson 2008); Brazil (Bahia et al. 2014) Remarks: This species is very similar to Pseudoceros rawlinsonae in terms of colours and can only be differentiated on the basis of presence or absence of the marginal band or the colour of the marginal band. In P. bicolor the marginal may be absent, or is yellow to greenish when present while in P. rawlinsonae is golden yellow to orange. Our specimen shows no golden yellow to orange marginal band, which agrees with one of the morphological variations of P. bicolor. This is a new record to Indian waters.Published as part of Dixit, Sudhanshu, Bayyana, Sharad, Manjebrayakath, Hashim, Saravanane, N. & Sudhakar, M., 2019, Polyclad fauna of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India: new records and description of two new species, pp. 246-260 in Zootaxa 4657 (2) on page 251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/376911
Ophiodermatidae Ljungman 1867
No full textFamily Ophiodermatidae Ljungman, 1867 Genus <i>Ophioarachnella</i> Ljungman, 1872Published as part of <i>Parameswaran, Usha V., Nowshad, B. Mohammed, Dixit, Sudhanshu, Manjebrayakath, Hashim, Idreesbabu, K. K. & Saravanane, N., 2020, New records of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Lakshadweep atolls, northern Indian Ocean, with notes on Indophioderma ganapatii Sastry Marimuthu & Rajan, 2019, pp. 560-570 in Zootaxa 4809 (3)</i> on page 564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4809.3.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3936933">http://zenodo.org/record/3936933</a>
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