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Phytostabilization of trace element polluted soils using native aromatic plant species suitable for phytomanagement
No full textAddressing trace element pollution is one of the controversial areas of
environmental research. Despite the natural existence of these elements in the
environment, several anthropogenic sources have contributed to an unusually
high concentration of elements, causing serious damage to health and
ecosystems. In accordance with the evolution of international standards
regarding care and protection of the environments, the techniques and
strategies of industrial exploitation have been adapted in order to achieve
sustainable processes. On this context, the conventional physical-chemical
processes of soil reclamation have been gradually replaced by more efficient,
economical, bio-based strategies with better public acceptance, such as
phytoremediation. Accordingly, the aim of this thesis was to generate the
necessary knowledge to develop a phytostabilization strategy for trace element
polluted soils, based on the synergistic use of aromatic plant species and
rhizobacteria that promote plant growth, in a context of economic revalorization
of polluted lands. A pioneer trace element tolerant plan specie was reported as
result of the bio-prospecting campaigns carried out in mining sites and in vitro
studies. We could analyze the physiological response of this plants and their
bacterial communities structure and diversity when was grown on contaminated
soils in vitro. Tolerant and plant growth promoters rhizospheric bacteria were
also isolated and identified. Through molecular and analytical microscopy tools,
the sequestration of elements by these bacteria was evaluated and also the
possibility of bioaugmenting them in order to improve the stabilization of the
elements in the rhizosphere. Finally, the phytostabilization of a shooting range
area was carried out to confirm the previous findings in vitro and in greenhouse.
Also the extraction of the essential oils, as well as the element localization in the
by-products obtained was analyzed. Our results indicate that Helianthus
petiolaris can grow in sandy soils polluted with up to 400 mg Kg-1 of Pb,
accumulate up to 40% of this element present in the soil in its roots and
translocate only 10% of the accumulated element to the above ground part. In
vitro studies indicated that H. petiolaris also adapts the content of
photosynthetic pigments in its leaf cells to cope with the presence of these
elements. In turn, essential oils obtained from plants grown in contaminated
sites do not present differences in composition with those obtained from noncontaminated sites, although the essential oil yield is significantly lower when is
obtained from such sites. Among the 26 isolated and identified tolerant
microorganisms, 6 bacteria had the best performance in terms of plant growth
promotion in vitro. Bacillus paramycoides ST9, Bacillus wiedmanni ST29, Bacillus
proteolyticus ST89, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans ST30, Cellulosimicrobium
cellulans ST54, and Methylobacterium sp. ST85 were selected to carry out
individual and consortium bioaugmentation trials. Two strains expressed
significant effects when they were inoculated individually in H. annuus: B.
proteolyticus ST89, increased plant biomass by 40% and decreased element
absorption by 20%. While B. paramycoides ST9, increased Pb and Cd
concentrations in the aerial part of H. annuus. The tested consortia did not obtain better results of plant biomass development. However, an increase in
element sequestration by 80% and 85% was visible in the rhizosphere of H.
annuus plants when they were inoculated with artificial consortia C2 and C3
respectively. Lastly, we were able to localize the (sub)-cellular structures where
these microorganisms accumulate trace elements: Bacillus wiedmanni ST29 and
Bacillus paramycoides ST9 absorbed Pb into the cells; Bacillus paramycoides ST9
adsorbed the biggest amount of Pb on the cell wall and Cellulosimicrobium
cellulans ST54 retained Pb on the extracellular matrix. In this context we can
conclude that: i- the bioprospection of native species can provide new, naturally
selected organisms and efficient for the application of phytoremediation. Taking
advantage of the multiple ecological advantages that these plant species
represent; ii- the strategically directed manipulation of the synergistic plantbacterium associations and interactions constitutes an effective and
technologically viable strategy for the enhancement of this process, and iii- both
the essential oil and the floral water obtained from the plant biomass can be sold
with the assurance that they do not contain trace elements. In this way, the
profits from the commercialization of these products could solve both the costs
of implementing environmental restoration, as well as the socio-economic
impact left by many extractive activities when they leave the affected areas
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of single bacterial-Pb tolerant isolates
No full textIn-Vitro Trace Element Uptake by Bacteria in Liquid Cultures-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX) Analysis. Bacillus paramycoides ST4, Bacillus wiedmannii ST29 and Bacillus proteolyticus ST9 images obtained by SEM-EDX are presented in this dataset. Pb was found present in/on the bacterial cell wall of these bacteria cultures and detected by EDX spectra.Fil: Saran, Anabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentin
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of particulate matter collected on air filters
No full textAirborne PM sampling was conducted within a larger study on the PM composition of different areas in Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina by Prof. Dr. Mendez Mariano. Airborne PM10 samples were collected on commercial 47mm diameter PTFE membrane filters (Image 1-blank) and Nylon filters (Image 2-blank). The PM10 was collected using an electrostatic precipitator coupled with the Easy Dust Generator (EDG). Filters were analysed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (Phenom™ ProX Desktop, Thermofisher). Images were taken using an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. SEM-EDX results are presented in this dataset.Fil: Saran, Anabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentin
Phytomanagement of trace element polluted fields with aromatic plants: supporting circular bio-economies
No full textTrace elements pollution of soils became a global concern because of their persistence in the environment which can lead to accumulation in food chains up to toxic levels. At the same time, there is a shortage of arable land for growing food, fodder and industrial crops, which highlights the need for remediation/use of polluted land. Restoration of degraded lands has been included as a vital component of UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We summarize various sources of entry of important trace elements in the environment, available biological reclamation and management strategies and their limitations. Recent advances in phytomanagement approaches using aromatic crops to obtain economically valuable products such as essential oils and revalorize such polluted areas are reviewed. The worldwide application of this strategy in the last 10 years is illustrated through a choropleth map. Finally, the emerging concept of phytomanagement as a restorative and regenerative circular bio-economy is also discussed.Fil: Saran, Anabel. Gobierno de la Provincia de la Pampa. Ministerio Publico. Agencia de Investigación Científica.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; ArgentinaFil: Much, Diego Gabriel. Gobierno de la Provincia de la Pampa. Ministerio Publico. Agencia de Investigación Científica.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; ArgentinaFil: Vangronsveld, Jaco. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: Merini, Luciano Jose. Gobierno de la Provincia de la Pampa. Ministerio Publico. Agencia de Investigación Científica.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentin
as pioneer aromatic plant species
No full textThe area of soils polluted with heavy metals is increasing due to industrialization and globalization. Aromatic plant species can be a suitable alternative way for agricultural valorization and phytomanagement of such soils by the commercialization of essential oils avoiding risks for the food chain. The potential of growing Helianthus petiolaris in heavy metal polluted soils was assessed in pot experiments using spiked soils and soils from a shooting range. In terms of phytostabilization, H. petiolaris could grow in soils containing 1000 mg/kg Pb2þ, 50 mg/kg Cd2þ, accumulating more than three times the soil Cd content in the aerial parts and translocating significant amounts of Pb to the aerial parts when growing in soils polluted with up to 500 mg/kg Pb. When phytostabilization is considered, phytotoxicity of heavy metals strongly depends on the rhizospheric microbial communities, either by mitigating trace element phytotoxicity or promoting plant growth via phytohormone production. So, the effects of heavy metals on the diversity of the rhizospheric bacterial community were assessed using DNA-fingerprinting.Fil: Saran, Anabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: Fernandez, L.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Cora, F.. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Savio, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Thijs, S.. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: Vangronsveld, J.. Hasselt University; Bélgica. Maria Curie-Sklodowska; PoloniaFil: Merini, Luciano Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de la Pampa.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Phytostabilization of polluted military soil supported by bioaugmentation with PGP-trace element tolerant bacteria isolated from helianthus petiolaris
Full text linkLead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are major environmental pollutants, and the accumulation of these elements in soils and plants is of great concern in agricultural production due to their toxic effects on crop growth. Also, these elements can enter into the food chain and severely affect human and animal health. Bioaugmentation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can contribute to an environmentally friendly and effective remediation approach by improving plant survival and promoting element phytostabilization or extraction under such harsh conditions. We isolated and characterised Pb and Cd-tolerant root-associated bacteria from Helianthus petiolaris growing on a Pb/Cd polluted soil in order to compose inoculants that can promote plant growth and also ameliorate the phytostabilization or phytoextraction efficiency. One hundred and five trace element-tolerant rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains belonging to eight different genera were isolated from the aromatic plant species Helianthus petiolaris. Most of the strains showed multiple PGP-capabilities, ability to immobilise trace elements on their cell wall, and promotion of seed germination. Bacillus paramycoides ST9, Bacillus wiedmannii ST29, Bacillus proteolyticus ST89, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans ST30, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans ST54 and Methylobacterium sp. ST85 were selected to perform bioaugmentation assays in greenhouse microcosms. After 2 months, seedlings of sunflower (H. annuus) grown on polluted soil and inoculated with B. proteolyticus ST89 produced 40% more biomass compared to the non-inoculated control plants and accumulated 20 % less Pb and 40% less Cd in the aboveground plant parts. In contrast, B. paramycoides ST9 increased the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of Pb three times and of Cd six times without inhibiting plant growth. Our results indicate that, depending on the strain, bioaugmentation with specific beneficial bacteria can improve plant growth and either reduce trace element mobility or enhance plant trace element uptake.Fil: Saran, Anabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional La Pampa-San Luis. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentina. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: Imperato, Valeria. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: Fernandez, Lucia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional La Pampa-San Luis. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Gkorezis, Panos. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: d´Haen, Jan. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: Merini, Luciano Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional La Pampa-San Luis. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Vangronsveld, Jaco. Hasselt University; Bélgica. Maria Curie Sklodowska University; PoloniaFil: Thijs, Sofie. Hasselt University; Bélgic
Quantification of Airborne Particulate Matter and Trace Element Deposition on Hedera helix and Senecio cineraria Leaves
Full text linkIn both developed and developing countries, atmospheric pollution with particulate matter (PM) remains an important issue. Despite the health effects of poor air quality, studies on air pollutionare often limited by the high costs of continuous monitoring and the need for extensive sampling.Furthermore, these particles are often enriched with potentially toxic trace elements and organic pollutants. This study evaluates both the composition of atmospheric dust accumulated during a certain timespan on Hedera helix and Senecio cineraria leaves and the potential for their use as bio-monitors. The test plants were positioned near automatic air quality monitoring stations at four different sites with respectively high, moderate and low traffic intensity. The gravimetric deposition of PM10 and PM2.5 on leaves was compared with data recorded by the monitoring stations and related to the weather conditions reported by Argentina’s National Meteorological Service. To determine the presence of trace elements enriching the PM deposited on leaves, two analytical techniques were applied: XRF (not destructive) and ICP (destructive). The results indicated that only in the unpaved street location (site 2) did PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations (90 μg m−3 and 9 μg m−3) in the air exceed more than five times WHO guidelines (15 μg m−3 and 5 μg m−3). However, several trace elements were found to be enriching PM deposited on leaves from all sites. Predominantly, increased concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ti, Mn, Zn and Fe were found, which were associated with construction, traffic and unpaved street sources. Furthermore, based on its capability to sequester above 2800 μg cm−2 of PM10, 2450 μg cm−2 of PM2.5 and trace elements, Senecio cineraria can be taken into consideration for adoption as a bio-monitor or even for PM mitigation.Fil: Saran, Anabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de la Pampa. Ministerio Publico. Agencia de Investigación Científica.; ArgentinaFil: Mendez, Mariano Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Much, Diego Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de la Pampa. Ministerio Publico. Agencia de Investigación Científica.; ArgentinaFil: Imperato, Valeria. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: Thijs, Sofie. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: Vangronsveld, Jaco. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: Merini, Luciano Jose. Gobierno de la Provincia de la Pampa. Ministerio Publico. Agencia de Investigación Científica.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Bioaugmentation with PGP-trace element tolerant bacterial consortia affects Pb uptake by Helianthus annuus grown on trace element polluted military soils
No full textIn this study, we sought to compose consortia of plant growth-promoting (PGP) and trace element tolerant bacteria, to improve plant growth and inhibit uptake and translocation of trace elements, eventually allowing the cultivation of profitmaking crops on trace elements polluted soils, reducing the risks of entrance of these elements into the food chain. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was grown on two polluted military soils (MS1 and MS2) in greenhouse microcosms and inoculated with three different bacterial consortia (C1, C2, C3). Growth and physiological status of the plants were unaffected during the experiment with the inoculation. After 2months, plants were harvested. Consortium C2 and C3 decreased Pb shoot bioaccumulation by respectively 80–85% when plants were grown in the MS1 and even to concentrations below detection limit in plants grown in MS2. Differences in uptake and (sub)cellular localization of Pb and Cd in selected bacterial isolates were investigated in vitro by TEM-EDX. Pb absorption was observed by Bacillus wiedmanni ST29 and Bacillus paramycoides ST9 cultures. While adsorption at the bacterial cell wall was observed by Bacillus paramycoides ST9 and retention in the extracellular matrix by Cellulosimicrobium cellulans ST54.Fil: Saran, Anabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional La Pampa-San Luis. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentina. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: Imperato, V.. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: Fernandez, L.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional La Pampa-San Luis. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Vannucchi, F.. Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna; ItaliaFil: Steffanie, N. M.. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: d'Haen, J.. Hasselt University; BélgicaFil: Merini, Luciano Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional La Pampa-San Luis. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Vangronsveld, Jaco. Hasselt University; Bélgica. Maria Curie Sklodowska University; PoloniaFil: Thijs, Sofie. Hasselt University; Bélgic
Inoculated Seed Endophytes Modify the Poplar Responses to Trace Elements in Polluted Soil
Full text linkSeed endophyte inoculation can enhance the plant tolerance to pollutants, which allows plant cultivation on trace element (TE) polluted soils. Methylobacterium sp. CP3 and Kineococcus endophyticus CP19 were tested in vitro for their tolerance to Zn and Cd and their plant growth promotion traits. The in vivo effects of bioaugmentation with individual strains or both strains were tested using two poplar cultivars, Populus deltoides x (P. trichocarpa x P. maximowiczii) ‘Dender’ and ‘Marke’, grown in TE polluted soil for six weeks. Methylobacterium sp. was found to grow on media enriched with 0.4 and 0.8 mM Cd, and both endophytes tolerated 0.6 and 1 mM Zn, due to the presence of genes involved in Zn and Cd tolerance and transport. Methylobacterium sp. showed an extracellular ion sequestration mechanism. Production of indole-3-acetic acid by Methylobacterium sp. and K. endophyticus, as well as phosphorus solubilization by Methylobacterium sp. were observed. Bioaugmentation with both endophytes increased the shoot length of Populus ‘Marke’ and enhanced the Mg uptake in both cultivars. Inoculation with Methylobacterium sp. reduced the bioaccumulation of Zn in ‘Marke’, conferring it an excluder strategy. Methylobacterium sp. and K. endophyticus seemed to improve the plant nutritional status, which can alleviate abiotic stress
Evaluating the Capability of Epipremnum aureum and Its Associated Phylloplane Microbiome to Capture Indoor Particulate Matter Bound Lead
No full textIn this study we evaluated over a 1-year period, the ability of Epipremnum aureum leaves to collect particulate matter (PM)-bound Pb from an indoor environment. Using Illumina MiSeq, we investigated the changes in the phylloplane microbiome connected with the accumulation of this pollutant. Plants were placed in a shooting room, where PM release from each shot was recorded, along with PM2.5 and PM10 sequestration and leaf element enrichment by ICP. Additionally, black carbon (BC) sequestration was determined, and SEM-EDX was performed on leaves after 12 months of exposure. Our results indicated that ambient air pollution shapes microbial leaf communities by affecting their diversity. At the order level, Pseudomonadales, along with Micrococcales, appeared (at a low relative abundance) after exposure to indoor PM-bound Pb air pollution. This study provides a unique comparison of Epipremnum aureum air filtration performance between a standard office environment and a firearm shooting range. The air filtration approach holds promise for reducing indoor air pollution, but more knowledge about the underlying mechanisms supporting genera capable of coping with airborne pollutants is still required
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