1,271 research outputs found
The 'true use of reading' : Sarah Fielding and mid eighteenth-century literary strategies.
No full textPhDThe aim of this thesis is to explore, by examining her life and
works, how Sarah Fielding (1710-68) established her identity as an author.
The definition of her role involves her notions of the functions of
writing and reading.
Sarah Fielding attempts to invite readers to form a sense of ties
by tacit understanding of her messages. As she believes that a work
of literature is produced through collaboration between the writer and
the reader, it is an important task in her view to show her attentiveness
toward reading practice. In her consideration of reading, she has two
distinct, even opposite views of her audience: on the one hand a familiar
and limited circle of readers with shared moral and cultural values and
on the other potential readers among the unknown mass of people. The
dual targets direct her to devise various strategies. She tries to
appeal to those who can endorse and appreciate her moral values as well
as her learning. Her writings and letters testify that she is sensitive
to the demands of the literary market, trying to lead the taste of readers
by inventing new forms.
The thesis opens with an overview of Sarah Fielding's career,
followed by a consideration of her critical attention to the roles of
reading. I go on to examine the narrative structures and strategies
she deploys, with a particular emphasis on her use of the epistolary
method. The following chapter deals with her attention to the reading
of the moral message tangibly embodied in her educational writing. It
is followed by an analysis of the activity which earned her a reputation
as a learned woman. Various as the forms of her works are, they invariably
reflect her attempt to balance herself between the two demands of
inventiveness and familiarity
Differences in profiles of emotional behavioral problems across instruments in verbally fluent versus language impaired children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textThere has been increasing attention to the assessment of minimally verbal (MV) children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous research has begun to examine the relationship between verbal abilities and emotional and behavioral problems (EBP). The current study compared parent-reported EBP in children of differing language levels on two instruments commonly used in ASD research and clinical practice, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). The study consisted of 1,937 6-18 years old children with ASD from the Simons Simplex Collection. Children were divided into three language groups, by ADOS module (Module 1 = MV, 2 = phrase speech (PS), 3 and 4 = verbally fluent (VF)) and then compared on CBCL and ABC subscales. The ABC and CBCL showed different patterns of elevations across the language groups. MV children were reported to have more impairment than VF children on the ABC Irritability, Lethargy and Hyperactivity scales. Children with less language (MV and PS) exhibited less impairment on the CBCL Internalizing domain than VF children, but did not differ on the Externalizing domain. Post hoc comparisons showed that Internalizing differences were driven by fewer children with less language exhibiting clinically elevated Anxious/Depressed scores compared to VF children. The present study underscores the significance of considering language when assessing EBP. Results have implications for the psychiatric screening of children with ASD, particularly those with language impairments. Researchers should exercise caution when applying EBP instruments designed for use with different populations and purposes to broad samples of children.Peer reviewe
Autism spectrum disorder symptoms from 2 to 19: implications for diagnosing adolescents and young adults
No full textThis study explored change in social-communicative symptoms in 140 individuals with childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnoses. Trajectories of caregiver-reported social-communicative symptoms were examined for three groups (verbal, delayed speech, minimally verbal) from ages 2 to 19 years. Groups showed comparable levels of social-communicative impairment at 2 and significant decreases in overall symptom levels across the 17-year period (p<.001). Across three subdomains, main effects of time and language (p<.001) reflected patterns of overall improvement, though children with more impaired language tended to have more caregiver-reported symptoms relative to verbal peers. A significant time-by-language interaction (p<.001) reflected that trajectories of socioemotional reciprocity symptoms differed according to patterns of language development. In contrast, improvements in the nonverbal communication domain were seen across language groups, whereas deficits in the development and maintenance of relationships improved for only verbal children. Verbal adults showed significant reductions in the prevalence of several symptoms exhibited during childhood. Improvements suggest that symptoms indicative of ASD in young children may no longer be diagnostic markers in adolescents and adults. Relative stability of several items suggests that impaired facial expression may be a core ASD symptom that warrants more systematic study across the lifespan. Research investigating the manifestation of ASD in older individuals is needed to foster development of appropriate assessment tools and interventions. Differential relationships to developmental factors within the broader social-communication domain underscores a need to focus on more narrowly defined symptom constructs when exploring links between pathophysiology and observable phenotypes.Peer reviewe
Non-contact estimation of heart rate and oxygen saturation using ambient light
No full text0000-0003-0345-6989WOS: 000347474800009PubMed ID: 25657877We propose a robust method for automated computation of heart rate (HR) from digital color video recordings of the human face. In order to extract photoplethysmographic signals, two orthogonal vectors of RGB color space are used. We used a dual tree complex wavelet transform based denoising algorithm to reduce artifacts (e. g. artificial lighting, movement, etc.). Most of the previous work on skin color based HR estimation performed experiments with healthy volunteers and focused to solve motion artifacts. In addition to healthy volunteers we performed experiments with child patients in pediatric intensive care units. In order to investigate the possible factors that affect the non-contact HR monitoring in a clinical environment, we studied the relation between hemoglobin levels and HR estimation errors. Low hemoglobin causes underestimation of HR. Nevertheless, we conclude that our method can provide acceptable accuracy to estimate mean HR of patients in a clinical environment, where the measurements can be performed remotely. In addition to mean heart rate estimation, we performed experiments to estimate oxygen saturation. We observed strong correlations between our SpO2 estimations and the commercial oximeter readings (C) 2014 Optical Society of AmericaScientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Mugla Sitki Kocman UniversityMugla Sitki Kocman University [13/108]This study was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Mugla Sitki Kocman University, project number 13/108. The author wishes to thank Dr. Alkan Bal for his comments and help in conducting the PICU experiments
Brecht’in epik tiyatrosunun Caryl Churchill'in Mad Forest ve Sarah Kane'in Cleansed adlı oyunlarında yansımaları
No full textCaryl Churchill’s plays thematically embody elements of many -isms such as feminism, sexism, capitalism, and socialism, labeling her dramaturgy as an eclectic combination of social philosophies and political ideologies. Although genuinely creative and original in her writing and theatrical practices, Caryl Churchill does not refrain from making use of preceding European theatrical theory, practice, and culture. In this sense, she is a playwright who benefits considerably from the thematic and technical aspects of the Brechtian epic theatre, which can be observed in her Mad Forest. Sarah Kane, on the other hand, with her experimental dramaturgy that stretches and twists features of realism and naturalism into new post-dramatic forms, is no less different from her predecessor Caryl Churchill in terms of embracing challenging, confrontational ideas and reflecting them in her plays. Notwithstanding with her openness to novel dramatic styles, Sarah Kane, too, acknowledges earlier dramatic aesthetics as seen in her Phaedra’s Love, which is an adaptation of the classical Roman playwright Seneca’s Phaedra. Likewise, it can be observed that Sarah Kane utilizes certain features of the Brechtian epic theater in her Cleansed. Considering these, this article studies how and to what extent Caryl Churchill and Sarah Kane maintain the Brechtian dramatic elements in their Mad Forest and Cleansed, respectively. By examining this tripartite interaction among Bertolt Brecht, Caryl Churchill and Sarah Kane, the study also tries to reinterpret the dramatic relations among these seemingly distant playwrights of different generations.Caryl Churchill’in oyunları tematik olarak feminizm, kapitalizm, sosyalizm gibi birçok -izm içerir. Bu durum, Churchill’in dramaturjisinin toplumsal düşüncelerin ve siyasi ideolojilerin eklektik bir birleşimi olduğuna işaret eder. Oyun yazımı ve dramatik uygulamaları bakımından kendine has bir yaratıcılığı olsa da Caryl Churchill geçmişte Avrupa kıtasında gelişmiş dramatik kuram, uygulama ve kültürden istifade etmekten kaçınmaz. Bu bakımdan Churchill, Mad Forest adlı oyununda gözlemlendiği üzere, Bertolt Brecht’in epik tiyatrosunun tematik ve teknik özelliklerinden cömertçe yararlanan bir oyun yazarıdır. Öte yandan, oyunlarında ortaya koyduğu deneyselciliği ile realizmi ve natüralizmi eğip bükerek yeni, post-dramatik bir forma sokan Sarah Kane zorlayıcı, çatışmacı düşünceleri kucaklayışı ve oyunlarında sergileyişi bakımından selefi Churchill’den farklı değildir. Yenilikçi dramatik düşüncelere ve uygulamalara olan yakınlığının yanı sıra Sarah Kane önceki dramatik yaklaşımları da onaylar tıpkı Romalı oyun yazarı Seneca’nın Phaedra oyununu Phaedra’s Love oyunu ile uyarlayışında olduğu gibi. Keza, Cleansed oyununda Sarah Kane’in Brecht’in epik tiyatro anlayışından yararlandığı gözlemlenebilir. Tüm bunların rehberliğinde bu çalışma, Caryl Churchill’in ve Sarah Kane’in sırasıyla Mad Forest ve Cleansed adlı oyunlarının nasıl ve ne derecede epik tiyatro özellikleri barındırdığını irdelemektedir. Bertolt Brecht, Caryl Churchill ve Sarah Kane arasındaki bu üç taraflı etkileşimi irdeleyerek bu çalışma ayrıca görünürde farklı nesillerin birbirlerinden uzak bu oyun yazarları arasındaki dramatik ilişkileri de yeniden anlamlandırmaya çalışmaktadır
Sarah Kane ve Postdramatik Tiyatro
No full textThis chapter studies the relations between the experiential theater of Sarah Kane and Hans-Thies Lehmann's postdramatic theater theory. Postdramatic theater is a new interpretation of the artful representation of the human-being through a set of novel aesthetics that get rid of the traditional dramatic concepts such as authoritative dramatic text, mimesis, representation, and linear and regular flow of events. In this sense, this study examines how and to what extent some significant characteristics of Kane's plays, especially their breaking away from the text and traditional plot construction, and the apocalyptic discourse are conducive in revealing the postdramatic in Crave and 4.48 Psychosis.Bu bölümde, deneyselciliği merkeze alan anlayışıyla 1990'lar İngiliz tiyatrosunda önemli bir yere sahip Sarah Kane tiyatrosunun, Hans-Thies Lehmann'ın 'postdramatik tiyatro' olarak kavramsallaştırdığı tiyatro kuramı ile olan bağları incelenmektedir. Postdramatik tiyatro, geleneksel tiyatroda var olan totaliter metin, mimesis, temsil, sıralı ve düzenli kurgusal mantıktan kurtulup dramayı tamamıyla reddetmeden, insanın sanatsal temsilinin yeni bir yorumlanışı olarak görülür. Buradan hareketle bu bölümde, özellikle metinden ve geleneksel dramatik olay örgüsünden uzaklaşmanın ve apokaliptik söylemin Sarah Kane'in Crave ve 4.48 Psychosis oyunlarında gözlemlenen postdramatikliğin ortaya çıkışında nasıl etkilerinin olduğu üzerine yoğunlaşılmaktadır
Wanneer de vraag het aanbod lijkt te overschrijden: zoektocht naar een empowerend antwoord
No full textNarrant menjar, fent-nos urbans: Glub i l’estètica d’allò quotidià
No full textEste ensayo ofrece algunas reflexiones sobre el aspecto estético de la ciudad de hoy en día, erigida sobre residuos, e incluso sobre basura. Retoma un primer acercamiento al tema, desarrollado en 2004, a través de un documental sobre el paisaje urbano berlinés bajo la influencia de la migración. La autora se detiene en la textura de la ciudad basada no tanto en las innovaciones tecnológicas que continúan usando energías fósiles, sino en los restos, en la “suciedad” de las costumbres que los migrantes traen consigo desde sus hogares. En particular, se interesa en la costumbre de comer semillas en espacios públicos, elaborando a partir de aquí una mirada a la cultura urbana “desde abajo” y que permite visibilizar otros tejidos sociales.This essay reflects upon the esthetic appearance of today’s city, built on waste, and even garbage. It takes up and elaborates a previous approach to this subject in 2004, through a documentary on urban landscape, specifically, Berlin’s, under the influence of migration. The author focuses on the texture of the city based not so much on the technological innovations that continue to spend fossil energies, as on the remainders, the “filth” linked to the customs migrants carry from their homes. Mieke Bal is interested, in particular, in the custom of eating seeds in public spaces, from which she develops a look on urban culture “from below”, making visible other social textures.Aquest assaig ofereix algunes reflexions sobre l’aspecte estètic de la ciutat d’avui dia, fundada sobre residus i, fins i tot, escombraries. Reprèn un primer acostament al tema, desenvolupat el 2004, a través d’un documental sobre el paisatge urbà berlinès sota la influència de la migració. L’autora es centra en la textura de la ciutat basada no tant en les innovacions tecnològiques que continuen utilitzant energies fòssils, sinó en les deixalles, en la “brutícia” dels costums que els immigrants porten amb ells des de la seva llar. En particular, s’interessa en el costum de menjar llavors en espais públics, elaborant a partir d’aquí una mirada a la cultura urbana “des de sota” i que permet donar visibilitat a altres teixits socials
DESIGNING STABILITY: HONG KONG’S PAVILION AT EXPO 70 AND LOCAL EXPOSITIONS
No full textBEYOND. BOUNDARIES: AN. INTRODUCTION. Harriet Atkinson, Verity Clarkson, and Sarah A. Lichtman If exhibitions are acts of “exposure” that manifest deeply held views and beliefs, as literary theorist Mieke Bal claims, ..
Predictors of longer-term development of expressive language in two independent longitudinal cohorts of language-delayed preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textBackground: Studies estimate that 30% of individuals with autism are minimally verbal. Understanding what factors predict longer-term expressive development in children with language delays is critical to inform identification and treatment of those at-risk for persistent language impairments. The present study examined predictors of expressive language development in language-delayed preschoolers followed through later school-age and young adulthood.
Methods: Children using single words or less on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) at approximately 3 years old were drawn from the Early Diagnosis (EDX) and Pathways in ASD longitudinal cohorts. Age-3 predictors of Age-19 ADOS language level were identified using Classification and Regression Trees (CART) in the EDX sample. Linear mixed models examined the effects of CART-identified predictors on Vineland expressive communication (VExp) trajectories from Age-3 to Age-19. The same linear mixed models were examined in the Pathways sample, identifying predictors of VExp from ages 3 to 10.5 years.
Results: Significantly delayed fine motor skills (T-score < 20) was the strongest CART predictor of Age-19 language. In the linear mixed models, time, Age-3 fine motor skills and initiation of joint attention (IJA) predicted VExp trajectories in the EDX sample, even when controlling for Age-3 visual receptive abilities. In the Pathways sample, time and Age-3 fine motor skills were significant predictors of VExp trajectories; IJA and cognitive skills were not significant predictors.
Conclusions: Marked deficits in fine motor skills may be a salient proxy marker for identifying language-delayed children with ASD who are at risk for persistent language impairments. This finding adds to the literature demonstrating a relation between motor and language development in ASD. Investigating individual skill areas (e.g., fine motor and nonverbal problem-solving skills), rather than broader indices of developmental level (e.g., nonverbal IQ) may provide important cues to understanding longer-term language outcomes that can be targeted in early intervention.Peer reviewe
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