35 research outputs found
Impact of nanoparticles on neuron biology: current research trends
No full textFirdos Alam Khan, Dana Almohazey, Munthar Alomari, Sarah Ameen Almofty Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Abstract: Nanoparticles have enormous applications in textiles, cosmetics, electronics, and pharmaceuticals. But due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties, particularly antimicrobial, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties, nanoparticles have many potential applications in diagnosis as well as in the treatment of various diseases. Over the past few years, nanoparticles have been extensively used to investigate their response on the neuronal cells. These nanoparticles cause stem cells to differentiate into neuronal cells and promote neuronal cell survivability and neuronal cell growth and expansion. The nanoparticles have been tested both in in vitro and in vivo models. The nanoparticles with various shapes, sizes, and chemical compositions mostly produced stimulatory effects on neuronal cells, but there are few that can cause inhibitory effects on the neuronal cells. In this review, we discuss stimulatory and inhibitory effects of various nanoparticles on the neuronal cells. The aim of this review was to summarize different effects of nanoparticles on the neuronal cells and try to understand the differential response of various nanoparticles. This review provides a bird’s eye view approach on the effects of various nanoparticles on neuronal differentiation, neuronal survivability, neuronal growth, neuronal cell adhesion, and functional and behavioral recovery. Finally, this review helps the researchers to understand the different roles of nanoparticles (stimulatory and inhibitory) in neuronal cells to develop effective therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. Keywords: nanoparticles, neuron biology, neuroprotection, neurotoxicit
GANP is involved in anti-HIV-1 infectivity response by facilitating the encapsidation of APOBEC3G into virion cores
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Preparation, formation mechanism, photocatalytic, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of sodium niobate nanocubes.
No full textA hydrothermal method was employed to prepare the sodium niobate (NaNbO3) nanocubes. We executed time dependent experiments to illustrate the formation mechanism of sodium niobate nanocubes. It was observed that the morphology of NaNbO3 nanocubes was dependent on the reaction time and 12hr reaction time was found to be suitable. Morphology, composition, structure and optical properties of sodium niobate nanocubes were evaluated by scanning electron microscope, X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrometer. The photocatalytic activity of sodium niobate was studied for photocatalytic hydrogen production. It was anticipated that the sodium niobate (NaNbO3) cubes exhibited good photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation using lactic acid as sacrificial agent. The cytotoxicity activity of sodium niobate nanocubes was studied as well at different concentrations (5 mg/mL, 3 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 0.25 mg/mL) against human colon colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT116) by MTT assay and EC50 was found to be 1.9 mg/mL. Sodium niobate proved to be a good DPPH free radical scavenging material, tested at different concentrations. It was noticed that peak intensity at 517 nm was decreased after 30 minute incubation, further supporting the antioxidant activity. This study will be useful for design and engineering of materials that can be used in biomedical applications and in photocatalysis
FMSP-Nanoparticles Induced Cell Death on Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (MCF-7 Cells): Morphometric Analysis
No full textCurrently, breast cancer treatment mostly revolves around radiation therapy and surgical interventions, but often these treatments do not provide satisfactory relief to the patients and cause unmanageable side-effects. Nanomaterials show promising results in treating cancer cells and have many advantages such as high biocompatibility, bioavailability and effective therapeutic capabilities. Interestingly, fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles have been used in many biological and diagnostic applications, but there is no report of use of fluorescent magnetic submicronic polymer nanoparticles (FMSP-nanoparticles) in the treatment of human breast cancer cells. In the present study, we tested the effect of FMSP-nanoparticles on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). We tested different concentrations (1.25, 12.5 and 50 µg/mL) of FMSP-nanoparticles in MCF-7 cells and evaluated the nanoparticles response morphometrically. Our results revealed that FMSP-nanoparticles produced a concentration dependent effect on the cancer cells, a dose of 1.25 µg/mL produced no significant effect on the cancer cell morphology and cell death, whereas dosages of 12.5 and 50 µg/mL resulted in significant nuclear augmentation, disintegration, chromatic condensation followed by dose dependent cell death. Our results demonstrate that FMSP-nanoparticles induce cell death in MCF-7 cells and may be a potential anti-cancer agent for breast cancer treatment
Hydrothermal Synthesis of β-Nb(2)ZnO(6) Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange and Cytotoxicity Study
No full textβ-Nb(2)ZnO(6) nanoparticles were synthesized by a hydrothermal process and calcined at two temperatures, 500 °C and 700 °C, and assigned as A and B, respectively. X-ray diffraction, together with transmission electron microscopy, revealed that the β-Nb(2)ZnO(6) nanoparticles calcined at 700 °C (B) were more crystalline than the β-Nb(2)ZnO(6) calcined at 500 °C (A) with both types of nanoparticles having an average size of approximately 100 nm. The physiochemical, photocatalytic, and cytotoxic activities of both types of β-Nb(2)ZnO(6) nanoparticles (A and B) were examined. Interestingly, the photodegradation of methyl orange, used as a standard for environmental pollutants, was faster in the presence of the β-Nb(2)ZnO(6) nanoparticles calcined at 500 °C (A) than in the presence of those calcined at 700 °C (B). Moreover, the cytotoxicity was evaluated against different types of cancer cells and the results indicated that both types of β-Nb(2)ZnO(6) nanoparticles (A and B) exhibited high cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HCT116 cells but low cytotoxicity against HeLa cells after 24 and 48 h of treatment. Overall, both products expressed similar EC(50) values on tested cell lines and high cytotoxicity after 72 h of treatment. As a photocatalyst, β-Nb(2)ZnO(6) nanoparticles (A) could be utilized in different applications including the purification of the environment and water from specific pollutants. Further biological studies are required to determine the other potential impacts of utilizing β-Nb(2)ZnO(6) nanoparticles in the biomedical application field
Stepwise illustration for the formation mechanism of NaNbO<sub>3</sub> nanocubes.
No full textStepwise illustration for the formation mechanism of NaNbO3 nanocubes.</p
UV-visible spectra indicating antioxidant activity (Reduction in peak intensity) of NaNbO<sub>3</sub> nanocubes at different concentrations.
No full textUV-visible spectra indicating antioxidant activity (Reduction in peak intensity) of NaNbO3 nanocubes at different concentrations.</p
Proposed mechanism for the photocatalytic hydrogen production of NaNbO<sub>3</sub> under UV light irradiation using lactic acid as sacrificial agent.
No full textProposed mechanism for the photocatalytic hydrogen production of NaNbO3 under UV light irradiation using lactic acid as sacrificial agent.</p
