116 research outputs found
Argumentation in good news communication on genetic breast cancer. The experience of OPERA.
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Doctors' Insights into the Patient Perspective: A Qualitative Study in the Field of Chronic Pain
No full textPurpose. To strengthen the conceptualization of the patient perspective by identifying aspects that, from doctors' point of view, are important to address during a consultation to build a partnership with patients. Method. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 doctors who are experts in the field of chronic pain in Italy. The recordings of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and interpreted using thematic analysis. Results. The participants agreed about the importance of doctors addressing aspects of the patient perspective that can lead to a difference of opinion with patients, namely, patients' views about their health condition (i.e., what they think they have and why and the perceived impact of the health condition on their life) and about treatments (i.e., what they have tried or have heard about and their expectations). Conclusions. Identifying patients' standpoints on their health condition and treatments offers an opportunity for critical discussion of differences of opinions and promotes communication exchange and agreement about the appropriate course of action
Building bridges between doctors and patients: the design and pilot evaluation of a training session in argumentation for chronic pain experts
No full textShared decision-making requires doctors to be competent in exchanging views with patients to identify the appropriate course of action. In this paper we focus on the potential of a course in argumentation as a promising way to empower doctors in presenting their viewpoints and addressing those of patients. Argumentation is the communication process in which the speaker, through the use of reasons, aims to convince the interlocutor of the acceptability of a viewpoint. The value of argumentation skills for doctors has been addressed in the literature. Yet, there is no research on what a course on argumentation might look like. In this paper, we present the content and format of a training session in argumentation for doctors and discuss some insights gained from a pilot study that examined doctors' perceived strengths and limitations vis-à-vis this training
Assessing the impact of health conditions using the ICF
No full textPurpose. People may suffer from diseases and a variety of health conditions, but a full understanding of the experience of their health condition also requires comprehensive information about the impact of the disease or the health condition on the person. This article operationalises the impacts of health conditions as classified in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) in terms of the concept of functioning as found in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). It identifies a set of ICF categories as the functioning properties - to describe the impact of health conditions generically across health conditions to be jointly used with the ICD.Method. The ICF categories to characterise the functioning properties of any health condition have been selected from three main generic health profile instruments: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), the World Health Survey (WHS) Questionnaire and a list of candidate categories of the generic ICF core set.Results. A set of ICF categories to describe the impact of a health condition is presented according to specific functioning domains.Conclusions. The joint use of the ICD and the ICF through the list of functioning properties and in the context of ICD-11 development captures the valuable synergy of the two classifications. It enhances patient management, intervention design and the reporting of health. It also enables us to distinguish severity of disease from its impacts. The ICD-ICF joint use creates a shared formal representation across the continuum of care for health information system implementation
Approaches used to prevent and reduce the use of restrictive practices on adults with learning disabilities: protocol for a realist review.
No full textIntroduction
The use of restrictive practices has significant adverse effects on the individual, care providers and organisations. This review will describe how, why, for whom, and in what circumstances approaches used by healthcare organisations work to prevent and reduce the use of restrictive practices on adults with learning disabilities.
Methods and analysis
Evidence from the literature will be synthesised using a realist review approach - an interpretative, theory-driven approach to understand how complex healthcare approaches work in reducing the use of restrictive practices in these settings. In step 1, existing theories will be located to explore what approaches work by consulting with key topic experts, holding consultation workshops with healthcare professionals, academics, and experts by experience, and performing an informal search to help develop an initial programme theory. A systematic search will be performed in the second step in electronic databases. Further searches will be performed iteratively to test particular subcomponents of the initial programme theory, which will also include the use of the CLUSTER approach. Evidence judged as relevant and rigorous will be used to test the initial programme theory. In step three, data will be extracted and coded inductively and deductively. The final step will involve using a realist logic of analysis to refine the initial programme theory in light of evidence. This will then provide a basis to describe and explain what key approaches work, why, how and in what circumstances in preventing and reducing the use of restrictive practices in adults with learning disabilities in healthcare settings.
Results
Findings will be used to provide recommendations for practice and policymaking.
Registration
In accordance with the guidelines, this realist review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 4th December 2019 (CRD42019158432)
Success with EASE: Who benefits from a STEM learning community?
No full textDuring the past few decades, there has been a nationwide push to improve performance and persistence outcomes for STEM undergraduates. As part of this effort, recent research has emphasized the need for focus on not only improving the delivery of course content, but also addressing the social-psychological needs of students. One promising intervention type that has been proposed as a multifaceted way to address both cognitive and social-psychological aspects of the learning process is the learning community. Learning communities provide students with opportunities to build a strong support system in college and are generally associated with increased student engagement and integration with campus systems and cultures. In this study, we examine the impact of a learning community intervention for first-year biological sciences majors, the Enhanced Academic Success Experience (EASE) program. Incoming freshmen are assigned to EASE based on their SAT (or ACT equivalent) Math score, a metric demonstrated to be a key predictor of student success in the program. We find that enrollment in EASE is correlated with higher STEM course grades; an increase of 0.25 (on a 0–4 point scale) in cumulative first-year GPA; and gains in non-academic outcomes, such as measures of sense of belonging and academic integration. Further, these outcomes are more pronounced for particular subgroup populations. For example, whereas surveyed male students seemed to benefit academically from participating in a learning community, female students reported a greater sense of belonging in regard to the biological sciences major and reported higher values for behavioral indicators of academic integration. Lastly, we find that the EASE program is positively correlated with students’ intention to stay in the biological sciences major. And, among the three race-oriented groups, this impact is most pronounced for under-represented students. In light of these findings, we discuss the potential of discipline-specific learning community programs to improve academic outcomes for students most at risk of leaving STEM majors, such as students underprepared for college level coursework.</div
On the mirror of the bicentenary
No full textSe analizan condiciones históricas de la conformación de la Región del
Noroeste argentino, con sus particulares características, así como incidencias
del proceso revolucionario de 1810 y algunas repercusiones del mismo en
el futuro de la Región. Se acude para ello al aporte de estudios históricos,
lingüísticos y antropológicos regionales, así como al testimonio de pensadores
comprometidos con su realidad. La población descendiente de los pueblos
originarios aparece sumergida en situaciones de desigualdad y explotación a lo
largo del período recorrido, lo que se expresa a través de obras de luchadores
como M. A. Tanco, J. L. Torres y el grupo Tarja. En la actualidad, y a pesar
de los avances realizados a nivel de Acuerdos y Declaraciones de organismos
internacionales, la demanda de su legítimo y efectivo reconocimiento es una
deuda pendiente, lo que conlleva connotaciones éticas que cuestionan las
bases de nuestro sistema democrático.The author analyzes the historical conditions of Argentina’s Northwest during
its conformation, and its particular characteristics through the revolutionary
process of 1810 and some of its repercussions in the future. Historical,
linguistic and regional anthropological studies are used in this analysis, as
well as the testimony of the engaged humanists (thinkers, philosophers) of
its time. The local native population appears in situations of inequality and
exploitation during this long period, as seen through the works of leaders
such as M. A. Tanco, J. L. Torres and the Tarja group. Currently, in spite of the
progress achieved at the level of Agreements and Declarations by international
organizations, their legitimate demand and actual recognition is a pending
debt, which carries ethical connotations that question the basic principles
of our democracy.Fil: Rubinelli, María Luisa.
Universidad Nacional de Juju
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