188,080 research outputs found
Castianeira furva Sankaran, Malamel, Joseph & Sebastian 2015
No full text<i>Castianeira furva</i> Sankaran, Malamel, Joseph & Sebastian, 2015 <p> <i>Castianeira furva</i> Sankaran <i>et al.</i>, 2015: 570, figs 1A–J, 2A–J, 3A–F, 4A–C (♂ ♀).</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Akambadam, Kerala, India (Sankaran <i>et al.</i> 2015).</p> <p> <b>Type repository.</b> ADSH (Sankaran <i>et al.</i> 2015).</p> <p> <b>Records from India.</b> Kerala (Sankaran <i>et al.</i> 2015).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Only known from India (World Spider Catalog 2021).</p>Published as part of <i>Sankaran, Pradeep M., 2021, A review of the Indian species of Apochinomma Pavesi, 1881 and Corinnomma Karsch, 1880, synonymy of Castianeira quadrimaculata Reimoser, 1934, and a catalogue of the Indian corinnid fauna (Arachnida: Araneae), pp. 541-559 in Zootaxa 5072 (6)</i> on page 555, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.6.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5751587">http://zenodo.org/record/5751587</a>
Accompanying code & summary data: Encoding of melody in the human auditory cortex. Sankaran et al.
No full text<p>Code and summary data required to replicate figures in Sankaran et al. <em>The encoding of melody in the human auditory cortex.</em></p>
Laminion katepagai Sankaran 2023, comb. nov.
No full text<i>Laminion katepagai</i> (Talwar, Majagi, Bodkhe & Kamble, 2018) comb. nov. <p>Figs 16, 19</p> <p> <i>Euryeidon katepagai</i> Talwar <i>et al.</i>, 2018: 69, figs 1.1–10, 2.1–6, 3.1–7, 4.8–11 (♁ ♀) (remarks: in figures, partly named <i>katepagae</i> (<i>lapsus</i>)).</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype (male or female unspecified) from <b>INDIA:</b> <i>Karnataka</i>: Kalaburagi (= Kalburgi), Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary (formerly Konchavaram Forest), 17°18’37’’N 77°52’23’’E, collector unknown, possibly Supriya Talwar; August 2016; repository SRL JDPSM (no registration number), not examined. Two paratypes (male(s) or female(s) unspecified), with same data as holotype except July 2017, not examined. (Talwar <i>et al.</i> (2018: figs 1.4, 6, 2.3, 5, 4.8–9, 11) presented the colour images of the habitus and genitalia, which are diagnostic and were used for comparative purposes).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Male of <i>L. katepagai</i> <b>comb. nov.</b> is similar to the males of <i>Laminion gujaratense</i> (Tikader & Patel, 1975) in the general appearance of palp, but can be distinguished from the latter species by RTA with retrolaterally oriented tip (vs. prolaterally oriented in <i>L. gujaratense</i>), wide embolic base (vs. narrow in <i>L. gujaratense</i>), first cymbial process with narrow apex (vs. broad in <i>L. gujaratense</i>), and beak-like retrolateral branch of median apophysis (vs. widely triangular in <i>L. gujaratense</i>) (compare Figs 16A–B with Sankaran <i>et al.</i> 2020: figs 8D–F). Female is most similar to <i>L. jatashankar</i> <b>comb. nov.</b> in the general appearance of the epigyne, but can be separated from the latter species by the convex anterior margin of median, sclerotized plate (vs. slightly concave in <i>L. jatashankar</i> <b>comb. nov.</b>) (compare Fig. 15A with Fig. 16C).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> For description of the male and female, see Talwar <i>et al.</i> (2018).</p> <p> <b>Justification of the transfer.</b> Talwar <i>et al.</i> (2018) described <i>E. katepagai</i> based on four specimens collected from Karnataka. This species is also misplaced in <i>Euryeidon</i> as it lacks the prolateral extension of cymbium and the transverse band that connects the spermathecae. It seems that the authors misinterpreted the shadow of the anterior epigynal margin as the transverse band connecting the spermathecae (Talwar <i>et al.</i> 2018: fig. 2.6, herein Figs 16C–D). This species is a member of <i>Laminion</i> based on the following features: domed prosoma in lateral view, high clypeus, patella with a dorsal apophysis, cymbium with large retrolateral flange and processes, long, filiform embolus, and epigyne with median and lateral plates (compare Talwar <i>et al.</i> 2018: figs 2.3, 4.8, 9, 11, herein Figs 16A–C with Sankaran <i>et al.</i> 2020: figs 1E–F, 3D, 6B). Based on these observations, the transfer <i>E. katepagai</i> is fully justified.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> India (Karnataka) (Talwar <i>et al.</i> 2018) (Fig. 19).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Previously, <i>Laminion</i> is known to occur in the Indian States of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Odisha and West Bengal (Sankaran <i>et al.</i> 2020). The transfer of the two Indian <i>Euryeidon</i> species extended its distribution to Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, indicating a wide distribution range of this genus in India (Fig. 19).</p>Published as part of <i>Sankaran, Pradeep M., 2023, Taxonomic notes on the ant-eating spider genera Asceua Thorell, 1887 and Cydrela Thorell, 1873 from India, with comment on Indian species of Euryeidon Dankittipakul & Jocqué, 2004 (Araneae: Zodariidae), pp. 381-405 in Zootaxa 5296 (3)</i> on pages 401-404, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5296.3.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7984039">http://zenodo.org/record/7984039</a>
Laminion jatashankar Sankaran 2023, comb. nov.
No full text<i>Laminion jatashankar</i> (Talwar, Majagi, Bodkhe & Kamble, 2018) comb. nov. <p>Figs 15, 19</p> <p> <i>Euryeidon jatashankarae</i> Talwar <i>et al.</i>, 2018: 72, figs 5.1–7, 6.1–8 (♀) (remarks: in figures, partly named <i>jatashankara</i> (<i>lapsus</i>)).</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype ♀ from <b>INDIA:</b> <i>Madhya Pradesh</i>: Hoshangabad, Pachmarhi (not Panchmarhi) Wildlife Sanctuary, 22°31’30.00’’N 78°25’40.90’’E, September 2015; leg. S. Kamble; repository SRL JDPSM (no registration number), not examined. Three paratypes (male(s) or female(s) unspecified): one with same data as holotype; two from <i>Maharashtra</i>: Amravati, J. D. Patil Sangludkar Mahavidyalya College campus, 20°55’19.70’’N 77°18’45.70’’E, August 2015; collector unknown; repository SRL JDPSM (no registration number), not examined. (Talwar <i>et al.</i> (2018: figs 5.6, 6.3, 5, 7) presented the colour images of the habitus and genitalia, which are diagnostic and were used for comparative purposes).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Females of <i>L. jatashankar</i> <b>comb. nov.</b> are similar to the females of <i>Laminion birenifer</i> (Gravely, 1921), the type species of the genus in the general appearance of the epigyne, but can be separated from the latter species by smoothly constricted lateral margins of median, sclerotized plate of epigyne (vs. strongly constricted in <i>L. birenifer</i>), and slightly concave anterior margin of median, sclerotized plate (vs. anterior margin with a conical protrusion in <i>L. birenifer</i>) (compare Fig. 15A with Sankaran <i>et al.</i> 2020: fig. 3D).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> For description of the female, see Talwar <i>et al.</i> (2018).</p> <p> <i>Male</i>. Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Justification of the transfer.</b> Talwar <i>et al.</i> (2018) described <i>E. jatashankarae</i> based on four specimens collected from Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. They erroneously placed this species under <i>Euryeidon</i> as it lacks the transverse band connecting the spermathecae, which is the main diagnostic feature of the female <i>Euryeidon</i> species (Dankittipakul & Jocqué 2004: figs 16, 27, 29, 34, 40, 42). Instead, it fits with <i>Laminion</i> based on the following features: domed prosoma in lateral view, high clypeus and epigyne with median and lateral plates (compare Talwar <i>et al.</i> 2018: figs 5.4, 6.3, 5, herein Fig. 15A with Sankaran <i>et al.</i> 2020: figs 1E–F, 3D, 6B). Moreover, the internal genitalia of this species have similarities with that of <i>L. debasrae</i> (Biswas & Biswas, 1992) (compare Talwar <i>et al.</i> 2018: fig. 6.7, herein Fig. 15B with Sankaran <i>et al.</i> 2020: fig. 6C). Based on these observations, the transfer of <i>E. jatashankarae</i> is fully justified.</p> <p> <b>Nomenclatural note.</b> Since the specific epithet is based on the name of a natural cave and a holistic place of Lord Shiva (jatashankar) located in the type locality (as it was considered a noun in apposition), it should therefore be amended as <i>jatashankar</i> instead and rather not as <i>jatashankarae</i> or <i>jatashankara</i> (<i>lapsus</i>) as mentioned in the original description (Talwar <i>et al.</i> 2018).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> India (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra) (Talwar <i>et al.</i> 2018) (Fig. 19).</p>Published as part of <i>Sankaran, Pradeep M., 2023, Taxonomic notes on the ant-eating spider genera Asceua Thorell, 1887 and Cydrela Thorell, 1873 from India, with comment on Indian species of Euryeidon Dankittipakul & Jocqué, 2004 (Araneae: Zodariidae), pp. 381-405 in Zootaxa 5296 (3)</i> on pages 400-401, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5296.3.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7984039">http://zenodo.org/record/7984039</a>
Data Repository for 'Sankaran, Lueng, Carlile (2014)'
No full text<p>Data repository to supplement paper -</p>
<p>Sankaran N, Lueng J, Carlile S (2014). Effects of virtual speaker density and room reverberation on spatiotemporal thresholds of audio-visual motion coherence.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Abstract:</p>
<p>The present study examined the effects of spatial sound-source density and reverberation on the spatiotemporal window for audio-visual motion coherence. Three different acoustic stimuli were generated in Virtual Auditory Space: two acoustically “dry” stimuli via the measurement of anechoic head-related impulse responses recorded at either 1° or 5° spatial intervals (experiment 1), and a reverberant stimulus rendered from binaural room impulse responses recorded at 5° intervals in situ in order to capture reverberant acoustics in addition to head-related cues (experiment 2). A moving visual stimulus with invariant localization cues was generated by sequentially activating LED’s along the same radial path as the virtual auditory motion. Stimuli were presented at 25°/s, 50°/s and 100°/s with a random spatiotemporal offset between audition and vision. In a 2AFC task, subjects made a judgment of the leading modality (auditory or visual). No significant differences were observed in the spatiotemporal threshold (PSE) or the slope of psychometric functions (β) between all three acoustic conditions. Additionally, β was spatially invariant across velocity, suggesting a fixed spatial audio-visual integration window. Findings also suggest a key role for auditory de-reverberation in processing moving auditory stimuli and establish a perceptual measure for assessing the veracity of motion generated from finite and discreet locations.</p
Polydrepanum fissum Sankaran & Sebastian 2018
No full textPolydrepanum fissum Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018 (= Grammorhabdus fissus (Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018)), comb. nov. Figs 6–8 Polydrepanum fissum Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018: 170, figs 1, 4–7 (D). India, Tamil Nadu. Remarks. Among the most important characters of this species are the presence of adenostyles on both male femora 1 and 2, coupled with the gonofemorite being fairly slender and long, devoid of any traces of torsion, delimited from the acropodite by a very distinct postfemoral sulcus/cingulum (su), while the solenophore (sph) is peculiar in shape: two small, subdentiform, laterobasal lobes (a), and two similarly small, subdentiform, apicomesal lobes (b) lying distal to the basal loop (k) of a free solenomere (sl). Base of sph on ventral side forming an elongated and undulated protecting lobe (lo) to shield the basal sl loop. Distal half of both sph and sl subcircular and directed ventrad (Figs 6–8). It is the unusually elongated and undulated lo that Sankaran and Sebastian (2018) must have mistaken for a lamina lateralis. However, that homologization is hardly correct, because the same membranous structure in the undoubtedly very similar P. asperrimum is interrupted in the subbasal and middle parts, being largely traced only subapically (Figs 3–5). Because the gonopodal femorite in P. fissum is untwisted (Figs 6–8), unlike that of the type species P. tamilum (see below and Figs 17–19), but very much like in Grammorhabdus asperrimus, contrary to Sankaran and Sebastian (2018), we are inclined to assign P. fissum to Grammorhabdus Carl, 1932, comb. nov.Published as part of Golovatch, Sergei I., Aswathy, Mathilakath Dasan, Bhagirathan, Usha & Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil Vasu, 2021, Review of the millipede tribe Polydrepanini, with the description of a new species from Kerala state, southern India (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Alogolykinae), pp. 485-516 in Zootaxa 5068 (4) on page 489, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/570951
Arctosa dhikala Sankaran & Caleb
No full text<i>Arctosa dhikala</i> comb. et nom. nov. <p>Figs 1–2</p> <p> <i>Trochosa himalayensis</i> Tikader & Malhotra, 1980: 437, figs 349–353 (♂ ♀).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet ‘ <i>dhikala</i> ’ is a noun in apposition derived from the name of the type locality of <i>T</i>. <i>himalayensis</i>.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype ♀ from <b>INDIA</b>: <i>Uttarakhand</i>: Pauri: Jim Corbet National Park (formerly in Uttar Pradesh): Dhikala (29°36’N, 78°48’E; 508 m alt.), leg. Asket Singh, 29 November 1971, repository NZC-ZSI, Kolkata (4660/18), examined. Paratypes 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ with same data as holotype except 4661/18, examined.</p> <p> <b>Additional material examined.</b> 1 ♂ (labelled as allotype) with same data as holotype (NZC-ZSI, Kolkata 4662/18).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Males of <i>A</i>. <i>dhikala</i> are closely related to the males of <i>Arctosa indica</i> Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 as both share a median apophysis with narrow distal part, but can be distinguished from the latter species by the median apophysis with a pointed apex and without lateral process (<i>vs.</i> truncated and with lateral process in <i>A</i>. <i>indica</i>; compare Fig. 2B–C with Sankaran <i>et al.</i> 2021: fig. 6B–C). Females are most similar to the females of <i>Arctosa khudiensis</i> (Sinha, 1951) as both share a large median epigynal septum and oval spermathecae with short stalk, but can be distinguished from the latter species by the squarish distal part of epigynal median septum (<i>vs.</i> triangular in <i>A</i>. <i>khudiensis</i>), and the slender stalk of spermathecae (<i>vs.</i> stout in <i>A</i>. <i>khudiensis</i>; compare Fig. 2D, F with Sankaran <i>et al.</i> 2021: fig. 8A, C).</p> <p> <b>Supplementary description.</b> <i>Male</i> (4662/18; Fig. 1A). Fovea vertical, dark. Cheliceral promargin with two teeth, retromargin with three. Body length 5.34. Carapace 2.98 long, 2.07 wide. Opisthosoma 2.36 long, 1.38 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: ALE 0.08. AME 0.10. PLE 0.20. PME 0.23; ALE–AME 0.02. AME–AME 0.07. PLE–PLE 0.38. PME–PLE 0.17. PME–PME 0.14. Chelicerae 0.93 long. Clypeus height at ALE 0.06, at AME 0.05. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 2.47 [0.82, 0.48, 0.36, 0.81], leg III ---- [1.48, 0.70, 0.91, 1.29, ----]. <i>Palp</i> as in Fig. 2A–C.</p> <p> <i>Female</i> (holotype, 4660/18; Fig. 1B). Same as male except by the following: body length 6.87. Carapace 3.43 long, 2.30 wide. Opisthosoma 3.44 long, 2.03 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: ALE 0.11. AME 0.13. PLE 0.22. PME 0.30; ALE–AME 0.03. AME–AME 0.08. PLE–PLE 0.27. PME–PLE 0.55. PME–PME 0.16. Chelicerae 1.48 long. Clypeus height at ALE 0.10, at AME 0.09. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 3.65 [1.12, 0.67, 0.90, 0.96], I 8.19 [2.34, 1.25, 1.71, 1.84, 1.05], II 7.46 [2.10, 1.13, 1.45, 1.73, 1.05], III 6.91 [1.93, 1.00, 1.24, 1.78, 0.96], IV (right) 10.01 [2.23, 1.50, 2.69, 2.37, 1.22]. Leg formula: 4123. <i>Genitalia</i> (Fig. 2D): epigynal plate almost circular, lightly sclerotized. Median septum with narrow proximal and squarish distal parts. Copulatory openings small, lying posterolaterally to median septum.</p> <p> <i>Female</i> (paratype, Fig. 2E–F). epigynal plate almost circular, lightly sclerotized (Fig. 2E). Median septum with narrow proximal and squarish distal parts (Fig. 2E). Copulatory openings small, lying posterolaterally to median septum (Fig. 2E). Spermathecal stalks short, narrow (Fig. 2F). Spermathecae oval (Fig. 2F).</p> <p> <b>Measurements of paratypes.</b> Male: body length 5.17. Carapace 2.84 long, 2.07 wide. Opisthosoma 2.33 long, 1.43 wide. Female 1 (Fig. 1C): body length 6.67. Carapace 3.62 long, 2.61 wide. Opisthosoma 3.05 long, 1.92 wide. Female 2: body length 5.02. Carapace 2.34 long, 1.83 wide. Opisthosoma 2.68 long, 1.84 wide. Female 3: body length 4.96. Carapace 2.59 long, 1.90 wide. Opisthosoma 2.37 long, 1.53 wide.</p> <p> <b>Notes.</b> Tikader & Malhotra (1980) described this species based on male and female specimens collected from Uttarakhand. Detailed examination of the types of <i>T</i>. <i>himalayensis</i> shows that it has diagnostic features of <i>Arctosa</i>, including terminal apophysis with two parts, epigyne with conspicuous atrium divided by median septum, and similar structural organisation of internal duct system as seen in <i>Arctosa cinerea</i> (Fabricius, 1777), the type species of the genus (compare Fig. 2B–F with Buchar <i>et al.</i> 2006: figs 25–26; Wang <i>et al.</i> 2012: fig. 12A–E). Based on these observations, we propose to transfer <i>T</i>. <i>himalayensis</i> to <i>Arctosa</i>.</p> <p> By transferring <i>T</i>. <i>himalayensis</i> to <i>Arctosa</i>, it becomes a secondary junior homonym in <i>Arctosa</i>, as the name is preoccupied with <i>Arctosa himalayensis</i> Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 (Tikader & Malhotra 1980; World Spider Catalog 2023). According to ICZN Article 60.3 (ICZN 1999), we propose a replacement name.</p> <p>The ZSI collection has three glass tubes for this species. A tube labelled as ‘holotype’ (4660/18) contains one female specimen in good condition, with intact genitalia. A second tube labelled as ‘paratype’ (4661/18) contains three female and one male specimens in good condition (but the label mentions only ‘three females’). The genitalia of one of the females was found to be dissected and kept in a small glass vial in the same tube. A third tube labelled as ‘allotype’ (4662/18) contains one male specimen in fairly good condition, with broken legs. Its right palp was found to be removed and kept in a small glass vial in the same tube. In the original description, a single registration number was assigned for the holotype, paratype and allotype (Tikader & Malhotra 1980). However, the labels in the type vials mention separate registration numbers for the holotype, paratype and allotype.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> India (Uttarakhand, Tikader & Malhotra 1980).</p>Published as part of <i>Sankaran, Pradeep M. & Caleb, John T. D., 2023, Notes on Indian wolf spiders: III. Genera Acantholycosa Dahl, 1908, Evippomma Roewer, 1959, Hippasosa Roewer, 1960 and Trochosa C. L. Koch, 1847 (Araneae: Lycosidae), pp. 533-552 in Zootaxa 5369 (4)</i> on pages 534-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5369.4.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10145893">http://zenodo.org/record/10145893</a>
Polydrepanum Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018, sp. nov.
No full textKey to Polydrepanum species, based on male features [Since Bano and Murthy (1997) did not formally describe their Polydrepanum spp., these species are omitted from the key. Details of all Polydrepanum spp. except P. fissum sp. nov. are adopted from Carl (1932) and Golovatch (1984)]. 1a Only leg pair II possesses adenostyle, gonopodal femorite well torsate............................................ 2 1b Leg pairs I & II possess adenostyle (Fig. 3A–B), torsion of gonopodal femorite incomplete (Figs 3E–F, 4A–B)......................................................................................... Polydrepanum fissum sp. nov. 2a Gonopodal femorite stout, tibiotarsus lacks lateral process, solenophore and solenomere strongly coiled distally (Fig. 6C)....................................................................................... Polydrepanum tamilum 2b Gonopodal femorite slender, tibiotarsus with lateral process/processes, solenophore and solenomere without distal coiling (Fig. 6A–B).............................................................................................. 3 3a Tibiotarsus with single lateral process and without mesal process, lamina lateralis with finger-shaped extension (Fig. 6B)..................................................................................... Polydrepanum horridum 3b Tibiotarsus with paired lateral processes and rod-shaped mesal process, lamina lateralis lacks extension (Fig. 6A)......................................................................................... Polydrepanum asperrimumPublished as part of Sankaran, Pradeep M. & Sebastian, Pothalil A., 2018, A new species of and a new transfer from the millipede genus Polydrepanum Carl, 1932 (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Polydrepanini), pp. 169-178 in Zootaxa 4471 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4471.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/143958
Numerical analysis of reaction-diffusion effects on species mixing rates in turbulent premixed methane-air combustion
No full textThe scalar mixing time scale, a key quantity in many turbulent combustion models, is investigated for reactive scalars in premixed combustion. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of three-dimensional, turbulent Bunsen flames with reduced methane-air chemistry have been analyzed in the thin reaction zones regime. Previous conclusions from single step chemistry DNS studies are confirmed regarding the role of dilatation and turbulence-chemistry interactions on the progress variable dissipation rate. Compared to the progress variable, the mixing rates of intermediate species is found to be several times greater. The variation of species mixing rates are explained with reference to the structure of one-dimensional premixed laminar flames. According to this analysis, mixing rates are governed by the strong gradients which are imposed by flamelet structures at high Damk¨ohler numbers. This suggests a modeling approach to estimate the mixing rate of individual species which can be applied, for example, in transported probability density function simulations. Flame turbulence interactions which modify the flamelet based representation are analyzed
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