1,721,560 research outputs found
Replication files -Supplemental material for Planned fiscal adjustments: Do governments fulfil their commitments?
No full textSupplemental material, Replication files for Planned fiscal adjustments: Do governments fulfil their commitments? by Sanjeev Gupta, João T Jalles, Carlos Mulas-Granados and Michela Schena in European Union Politics</p
eup-17-1402-File002 -Supplemental material for Planned fiscal adjustments: Do governments fulfil their commitments?
No full textSupplemental material, eup-17-1402-File002 for Planned fiscal adjustments: Do governments fulfil their commitments? by Sanjeev Gupta, João T Jalles, Carlos Mulas-Granados and Michela Schena in European Union Politics</p
The IMF and government health expenditure: A response to Sanjeev Gupta.
No full textDo policy conditions attached to International Monetary Fund (IMF) lending programmes have an impact on government health expenditure in developing countries? Yes, according to a large body of literature (see Kentikelenis, 2017), and our recent article (Stubbs et al., 2017).
We systematically reviewed IMF loan agreements and staff reports to generate a database of “binding” conditions that could plausibly impact health expenditure. Our database offered an alternative to the IMF's own conditionality dataset, which has been widely criticized for inaccuracies and omissions (Arpac et al., 2008; IEO, 2007). Using cross-national models covering 16 West African countries between 1995 and 2014, we found that each additional binding IMF policy reform reduces government health expenditure per capita by 0.25% (95% CI -0.44 to −0.06). The mean number of binding conditions, at 25 per year, thus corresponds to a 6.21% reduction, on average, in government health spending per capita associated with IMF conditions.
To further test these findings, we performed a narrative review of these documents. They showed that IMF policy reforms reduce fiscal space for health investment, limit expansion of doctors and nurses, and undermine health system efficiency. It was clear that IMF programmes placed enormous pressure on already strained health systems, reducing health spending at times when economic crises placed more people in harm's way.
In the comment on our research paper, Sanjeev Gupta (2017), deputy director of the IMF's influential Fiscal Affairs Department, disagrees. Here we take each of his points in turn
Fiscal rules to tame the political budget cycle: evidence from italian municipalities
Get PDFThe paper provides evidence that fiscal rules can limit the political budget cycle. It focuses on the
application of the Italian fiscal rule at the sub-national level over the period 2004-2006 and shows
that: 1) municipalities are subject to political budget cycles in capital spending; 2) the Italian sub-national
fiscal rule introduced in 1999 has been enforced by the central government; 3)
municipalities subject to the fiscal rule show more limited political budget cycles than
municipalities not subject to the rule. In order to identify the effect, we rely on the fact that the
domestic fiscal rule does not apply to municipalities below 5,000 inhabitants. We find that the
political budget cycle increases real capital spending by about 35 percent on average in the years
prior to municipal elections and that the sub-national fiscal rule reduces these figures by about
two thirds
Supplemental Material, VanDijketal_SI_SpatialVariationInGroundwaterStresses - Spatial variation of groundwater response to multiple drivers in a depleting alluvial aquifer system, northwestern India
No full textSupplemental Material, VanDijketal_SI_SpatialVariationInGroundwaterStresses for Spatial variation of groundwater response to multiple drivers in a depleting alluvial aquifer system, northwestern India by Wout M van Dijk, Alexander L Densmore, Christopher R Jackson, Jonathan D Mackay, Suneel K Joshi, Rajiv Sinha, Shashank Shekhar and Sanjeev Gupta in Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment</p
Corruption in America
Get PDFWe use a data set of federal corruption convictions in the U. S. to investigate the causes and consequences of corruption. More educated states, and to a less degree richer states, have less corruption. This relationship holds even when we use historical factors like education in 1928 or Congregationalism in 1890, as instruments for the level of schooling today. The level of corruption is weakly correlated with the level of income inequality and racial fractionalization, and uncorrelated with the size of government. There is a weak negative relationship between corruption and employment and income growth. These results echo the cross-country findings, and support the view that the correlation between development and good political outcomes occurs because more education improves political institutions.
Distortion costs and effects of price liberalisation in Russian energy markets: A CGE analysis
Get PDFRussia’s economy is energy intense and wasteful of resources. This situation has arisen in part due to the country’s ample energy supplies and regulated privileges for domestic con-sumers. Recently enacted and proposed reforms intended to increase the efficiency of the energy sector by raising domestic energy prices also have implications for the export levels of Russian energy commodities. In this study, we estimate the costs of the subsidised en-ergy system in an allocative sense and then analyse recent moves of the Duma to boost gas and electricity prices to bring them into line with market-based pricing. Our analysis uses a multi-region general equilibrium model (GTAP) modified to express the global dimensions of the subsidisation policy and suggested reforms. Preliminary results show that current subsidies extract over 6% of GDP and limit the potential benefits of Russia’s comparative advantage in energy commodities. Increases of 6% in electricity and 10% in the price of regulated gas improve efficiency by reducing distorting subsidies and distinctly shifting output from domestic markets to exports.CGE modelling; energy market liberalisation; Russia
Corruption in America
Get PDFWe use a data set of federal corruption convictions in the U.S. to investigate the causes and consequences of corruption. More educated states, and to a less degree richer states, have less corruption. This relationship holds even when we use historical factors like education in 1928 or Congregationalism in 1890, as instruments for the level of schooling today. The level of corruption is weakly correlated with the level of income inequality and racial fractionalization, and uncorrelated with the size of government. There is a weak negative relationship between corruption and employment and income growth. These results echo the cross-country findings, and support the view that the correlation between development and good political outcomes occurs because more education improves political institutions.
Hypertension- High Blood Pressure
No full textPresented by Nova Southeastern University; hosted by Fred Lippman, R.Ph., Ed.D. Chancellor Health Professions Division; with guests Karan Munuswamy, M.D., FACC, Cardiologist, Holy Cross Medical, Cardiology Associates of Fort Lauderdale, and Sanjeev Gupta, M.D., Urologist, Urology Medical Specialist
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