28,824 research outputs found
Combining dependency parsing with PP attachment
No full textPrepositional phrase (PP) attachment is one of the major sources for errors in traditional statistical parsers. The reason for that lies in the type of information necessary for resolving structural ambiguities. For parsing, it is assumed that distributional information of parts-of-speech and phrases is sufficient for disambiguation. For PP attachment, in contrast, lexical information is needed. The problem of PP attachment has sparked much interest ever since Hindle and Rooth (1993) formulated the problem in a way that can be easily handled by machine learning approaches: In their approach, PP attachment is reduced to the decision between noun and verb attachment; and the relevant information is reduced to the two possible attachment sites (the noun and the verb) and the preposition of the PP. Brill and Resnik (1994) extended the feature set to the now standard 4-tupel also containing the noun inside the PP. Among many publications on the problem of PP attachment, Volk (2001; 2002) describes the only system for German. He uses a combination of supervised and unsupervised methods. The supervised method is based on the back-off model by Collins and Brooks (1995), the unsupervised part consists of heuristics such as ”If there is a support verb construction present, choose verb attachment”. Volk trains his back-off model on the Negra treebank (Skut et al., 1998) and extracts frequencies for the heuristics from the ”Computerzeitung”. The latter also serves as test data set. Consequently, it is difficult to compare Volk’s results to other results for German, including the results presented here, since not only he uses a combination of supervised and unsupervised learning, but he also performs domain adaptation. Most of the researchers working on PP attachment seem to be satisfied with a PP attachment system; we have found hardly any work on integrating the results of such approaches into actual parsers. The only exceptions are Mehl et al. (1998) and Foth and Menzel (2006), both working with German data. Mehl et al. report a slight improvement of PP attachment from 475 correct PPs out of 681 PPs for the original parser to 481 PPs. Foth and Menzel report an improvement of overall accuracy from 90.7% to 92.2%. Both integrate statistical attachment preferences into a parser. First, we will investigate whether dependency parsing, which generally uses lexical information, shows the same performance on PP attachment as an independent PP attachment classifier does. Then we will investigate an approach that allows the integration of PP attachment information into the output of a parser without having to modify the parser: The results of an independent PP attachment classifier are integrated into the parse of a dependency parser for German in a postprocessing step
Oral History Interview: Sandra Peterson
No full textThis interview is one of a series conducted with former employees of the Huntington Owens-Illinois, Inc. glass bottle factory. Ms. Sandra Peterson, born July 30, 1941, worked at the Owens glass plant for twenty-eight years as the Personnel secretary. In this interview, Ms. Peterson discusses the details of her job, company-sponsored activities, worker-management relations, and the many changes which occurred over the years with both management and technology. Ms. Peterson talks about the many friends she made at the factory and the difficulty and sadness of the final months at work before the plant shut down. Ms. Peterson was laid off when the plant closed in December of 1993.https://mds.marshall.edu/oral_history/1409/thumbnail.jp
Polluting Medical Judgment? False Assumptions in the Pursuit of False Claims Regarding Off-Label Prescribing
No full textJohnson, Sandra H.. (2007). Polluting Medical Judgment? False Assumptions in the Pursuit of False Claims Regarding Off-Label Prescribing. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/155624
Off-targets analysis of sgRNAs.
No full textSurveyor analysis of the top 5 predicted off-targets for each sgRNA used. Panel shows amplified sequence of target and 3 representative off-targets, non-treated and treated with T7 endonuclease I. Digestion reveals genome edition (red asterisk) when the off-target sequence carries some mutations. Table shows overall results from all off-targets analyzed. No differences were observed in number of edited off-targets by IE-sgRNAs compared with SDE-sgRNAs (Chi-square test P = 0.751 n.s.).</p
Do decoupled payments really encourage farmers to work more off farm? A micro-level analysis of incentives and preferences
No full textAccording to neo-classical theory, farm operators’ labour allocation is determined by the relative wage they can earn from their labour on and off the farm. At the equilibrium, time should be allocated so that the marginal returns from on- and off-farm work are equal. Thus, a move from coupled to decoupled payments should have important impacts on labour allocation, as it reduces the return to farm labour and increases the unearned income of operators. However, empirical studies on decoupling have shown so far only limited impact from decoupling and sometimes contradictory findings. In this paper, individual preferences and constraints are taken into account to try and identify potential barriers to labour allocation adjustment. Empirical analysis based on the intentions to adjust to decoupling of a sample of French farmers confirms a limited impact of the change in policy and calls for further investigation of the potential barriers to adjustment.Decoupling, time allocation, farm operators, Agricultural and Food Policy, Labor and Human Capital,
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