1,721,072 research outputs found
Replication data for "Domestic Law and Human Rights Treaty Commitments: The Convention Against Torture"
No full textHow human rights treaties will be incorporated and applied domestically must affect how eager states will be to ratify those treaties. This article focuses on two characteristics of domestic legal systems that shape the relationship between international law and domestic law: whether treaties are directly incorporated into domestic law and whether treaties can override ordinary statute. The analysis probes two arguments as to why domestic legal institutions influence ratification decisions, one emphasizing the potential costs associated with ratification and the other emphasizing congruence between domestic values and treaty norms. Survival analysis of ratification of the Convention against Torture reveals that both judicial independence and making treaties equal or superior to statute increase the likelihood of ratification, which is consistent with the norm-congruence thesis. The results suggest new avenues for investigating the relationships between human rights treaties and domestic legal institutions
Replication data for "Domestic Law and Human Rights Treaty Commitments: The Convention Against Torture"
No full textHow human rights treaties will be incorporated and applied domestically must affect how eager states will be to ratify those treaties. This article focuses on two characteristics of domestic legal systems that shape the relationship between international law and domestic law: whether treaties are directly incorporated into domestic law and whether treaties can override ordinary statute. The analysis probes two arguments as to why domestic legal institutions influence ratification decisions, one emphasizing the potential costs associated with ratification and the other emphasizing congruence between domestic values and treaty norms. Survival analysis of ratification of the Convention against Torture reveals that both judicial independence and making treaties equal or superior to statute increase the likelihood of ratification, which is consistent with the norm-congruence thesis. The results suggest new avenues for investigating the relationships between human rights treaties and domestic legal institutions
The Law and Politics of WTO Dispute Settlement
No full textWhat is the relationship between politics and international law? Inspired by comparative politics and socio-legal studies, this Research Handbook develops a novel framework for comparative analysis of politics and international law at different stages of governance and in different governance systems. It applies the framework in a wide range of fields—from human rights and environmental standards, to cyber conflict and intellectual property—to show how the relationship between politics and international law varies depending on the sites where it unfolds
El mercado español de renta variable (2000-2014): hechos estilizados
Full text linkTesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, leída el 25/01/2016Introduction. This thesis is framed in the last 15 years of history of the Spanish equity market (years 2000 to 2014). In this sense and, as an introduction of this work, in the first chapter the main features of the background of the electronic market for shares and the implications that the migration from out-c1y circles to this automatic system is explained. The main changes of this electronic system (Spanish stock exchange interconnection system) are detailed in this part. Also in this first chapter is explained the important European meeting, in December 1999, of eight stock exchanges which foresee, in a first step, to design a single market model for, lately, try to merge, final step that did not take place. After this initial moment in December 1999, in this work the main features of the market model of the main European markets (London, Paris, Germany and Italy) are generally described, given that it is important to consider the European context of the Spanish equity market, specially during these last fifteen years. Along chapter two, the thesis is supported with the theoretic frame explaining here the nature of markets and their important role in the economy, detailing afte1wards the Spanish case from the point of view of its institutional structure and legal framework. Besides, in this chapter, a deep review of initial public offerings (main concepts and calendar steps) is done as well as take-over bids (typology and key-concepts)...Introducción. El trabajo aquí presentado tiene como marco temporal los últimos 15 años de historia en la renta variable española (años 2000 a 2014). En este sentido (y como introducción a esta tesis), se dibuja en el primer capítulo cuales son los antecedentes del mercado electrónico de acciones, y lo que supuso el paso de la contratación en corros a este sistema automatizado. Los principales hitos o novedades de este sistema electrónico (Sistema de Interconexión Bursátil Español) se enumeran y detallan en esta parte. También en este primer capítulo se explica la reunión, en diciembre de 1999, de ocho bolsas europeas que tratan, en un primer lugar, de diseñar conjuntamente un modelo de mercado único para, posteriomente, intentar fusionarse a nivel europeo, paso que finalmente no tuvo lugar. Tras este punto de partida de diciembre de 1999, en el trabajo se hace una descripción general de los principales mercados europeos de renta variable (a saber: Londres, París, Alemania e Italia), dado que, desde todo punto de vista, parece relevante considerar el contexto europeo del mercado español de renta variable, especialmente durante estos tres pasados lustros. En el capítulo 2, se apuntala la tesis detallando el marco teórico del trabajo explicando aquí la naturaleza de los mercados y su papel en la economía, para después detallar el caso español en cuanto a su estructura institucional y marco legal. Se hace en este capítulo también un repaso a lo que supone en el mercado una Oferta Pública de Venta (principales conceptos y etapas de su calendario), así como las Ofertas Públicas de Adquisición (tipología y conceptos clave)...Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEunpu
The relationship between the socio-educational network and the educational aspirations of Portuguese middle-school students with the lowest level of parental education
Full text linkEquity in education is still far from achieved in Portugal. Especially students with
underprivileged backgrounds are suffering from inequality. This thesis aims to examine the
relationship between the socio-educational network of secondary school students from a low
level of parental education in Portugal and their educational aspirations. Data from a survey
was analyzed using linear regression. The findings suggest that the socio-educational network
has a positive association with educational aspirations, but does not explain the majority of the
variation. Future research should identify and explore other factors related to educational
aspirations and investigate causal effects
Does alignment with ruling party affect education outcome? Evidence from Tanzania
Full text linkCombining 2015 ward-level elections and PSLE test scores data, this work examines the impact
of Tanzanian ruling party alignment on education outcomes across Tanzanian wards. The
methodology implemented is the Sharp Regression Discontinuity Design leveraging close
elections, with education outcome as dependent variable, CCM election victory as treatment
and margin of victory as assignment variable. Considering estimates for the four years after the
elections, we find no significant effects on pupils’ school performances in wards locally
governed by CCM if compared to students in wards not aligned with the ruling party
Does the arrival of fast internet in Africa affect voting behavior? Evidence from Kenya
Full text linkDoes the arrival of fast Internet in Africa have an impact on the level of political information of voters and thus on voting behavior? Using a difference-in-differences approach, this paper examines the effects of the introduction of high-speed Internet in Kenya in 2009 on electoral outcomes. The results show that voter turnout in the subsequent parliamentary election in-creased by almost 3 percentage points due to treatment, suggesting a higher level of political information. There is some evidence for a positive effect on the vote share of the incumbent party and no evidence for an effect on the share of invalid votes
Climate change in the classroom: temperature and educational achivement in Africa
Full text linkDespite the fact that human capital accumulation is a key facilitator of economic growth and
climate change is projected to increase temperatures, there has been little research into the
contemporaneous effect of heat on educational achievement. Thus, I investigate how high
temperatures affect high-stakes exam performance in a developing context, employing
climate reanalysis data and test scores from Tanzania’s National Primary School Leaving
Exam. Through the use of fixed effects models and the exploitation of quasi-random
variations in outdoor temperatures during exams, I find that higher temperatures exert a
negative impact on student performance
Sibling spillovers in educational achievement: evidence from Tanzania
Full text linkSibling spillovers have been increasingly documented in several domains, but the effect
of older siblings’ educational achievement on one’s academic success has received less
attention in applied research. Evidence from developing countries is particularly scarce.
I use multiyear data on national exam scores from Tanzania to estimate sibling spillover
effects from passing the PSLE, a high-stakes test that determines eligibility to enroll in
government-run secondary schools. Exploiting this discontinuity in exposure to schooling
opportunities around the passing score, I find no conclusive evidence of sibling spillovers.
This result is robust to the consideration of possible heterogeneity by sibling gender match
The Politics of Public Service Reform: Experimental Evidence from Liberia
No full textThis paper provides experimental evidence on the electoral effect of a large education reform in a developing democracy. Despite significantly improving school quality, the policy reduced the incumbent party's presidential vote share by 3 percentage points (10%). This does not imply that voters fundamentally oppose service improvements: household surveys showed strong support for the policy, and variation in school-pair-level treatment effects shows that the more the policy raised test scores, the more it increased incumbent vote share. Instead, the negative average electoral effect was driven by opposition from teachers. The policy reduced teachers' job satisfaction, their support for the incumbent government, and their political engagement. The more the policy reduced teacher political engagement, the more it reduced incumbent vote share. Counterfactual simulations suggest that relatively small improvements in effectiveness and/or teacher engagement could have made the policy a net vote winner. This paper empirically demonstrates the importance of political feasibility in the design of public service reforms
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