91 research outputs found
GINI DP 20: Does Income Inequality Negatively Affect General Trust? Examining three potential problems with the inequality-trust hypothesis
No full textMany studies on the consequences of income inequality find that where inequality is high, trust is low. There are, however, reasons to examine the relation between inequality and trust more closely. First, previous research does not differentiate between the effect of income inequality and that of national wealth. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism is often unclear. Finally, the association might be dependent on non-Western countries where income inequality is extremely high. In this paper, we evaluate whether there is a relation between income inequality and trust in a sample of Western developed economies when taking into account national wealth. Theoretically, we distinguish between stratification effects and perception effects of inequality. Empirically, besides actual income inequality and national wealth, we include a measurement of perceived inequality on the basis of individual level earnings estimations for stereotypical jobs. We find no significant effect of inequality on trust when taking into account national wealth, suggesting that in Western countries the amount of resources rather than its distribution explains trust. Key words: trust, income inequality, perceived inequality, national wealth, comparative research.
The context-dependency of Public Service Motivation
No full textThis study examines and compares the effect of Public Service Motivation (PSM) and PSM-fit on the intention to leave, affective commitment and satisfaction between the employees of three major parts of the Dutch public sector. The insights from this study contribute to our understanding of PSM and PSM-fit and bridges a lacuna in theory: a research to sectoral differences and thereby the context-dependency of PSM within a public sector as a whole has not been conducted before. The results show multiple significant differences between sectors in the strength of the effects of PSM and (to a lesser extent) PSM-fit: especially the effects in the public administration sector tend to be stronger in comparison with the education sector and the safety sector. The degree of Public Service (dPS), which was not considered to be a main effect, also showed to be a strong predictor with significant differences in strength between the sectors. The results indicate that the context-dependency of PSM is important, but should not be overestimated. The overall findings of this study are an addition to previous research in this field (e.g. Leisink and Steijn, 2009) and add on to our understanding of PSM and its antecedents
Improving safety climate and behavior through a multifaceted intervention: Results from a field experiment
No full textIntermodaal weg/railvervoer: Een labyrint van bestuurlijke belemmeringen
No full textOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
Goederentransportknooppunten: Typologie en dynamiek. Deel I
No full textDeel I van de studie Knooppunten en netwerken van goederenvervoer; typologie, dynamiek en modaliteit.OTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
Numerical Study of Wetting of a 2D Cylinder by an Impacting Jet
No full textIn many processes, for example trickle-bed reactors, it is important to completely wet small spheres, or particles. (Baussaron, et al., 2007) Ideally, a small stream of liquid on such a particle would create a film around the particle, completely wetting it. It is therefore interesting to investigate which factors influence the formation of this film and to what effect. To this end, a simpler 2D case is investigated in this project: a small cylinder.Transport PhenomenaChemical EngineeringApplied Science
Micro Particle Image Velocimetry measurements in a capillary
No full textKramers Laboratorium voor Fysische TechnologieApplied Science
Formation and Transport of Bubbles in Microfluidic Systems
No full textPrecise manipulation of minute volumes of fluids is at the heart of microfluidics and opens up an exciting route to miniaturize processes in the areas of chemistry, biology and medicine. An attractive way to transport small fluid samples through the channels of microfluidic devices is by enclosing these samples inside containers in the form of microbubbles or microdroplets. The work described in this thesis is motivated by the need to reliably form such microbubbles and microdroplets and robustly transport them through networks of microchannels at high throughput. One of the central questions addressed in this thesis is how bubbles form at T-junctions under conditions typical to bubble-based microfluidic systems. The basic question how large bubbles grow is resolved by studying the fundamentals of bubble formation and pinch-off using experimental techniques, such as micro Particle Image Velocimetry. Another key question addressed in this thesis is how bubbles are transported in confined geometries. We hereby considered transport of bubbles through simple microchannel networks as found in for instance micro reactors and laboratories-on-chips, as well as through more complex microchannel networks comparable to for instance the pore structure in micro packed beds or oil reservoirs.Multi-Scale Physics / Chemical EngineeringApplied Science
All-aqueous compartmentalized structures by microfluidics
No full textChemical EngineeringApplied Science
Quaternion PCA and sparse PCA for shape variability
No full textPrincipal component analysis (PCA) is commonly used in the fields of computer graphics and geometry processing for constructing subspaces that represent the variability present in a dataset. Examples of such datasets are configurations of a non-rigid object, poses of a deformable character or snapshots from a simulation. By applying PCA to the dataset, one can generate a lower-dimensional space in which the data samples can be approximated well. Similar to PCA, one can also apply a sparse PCA technique to the geometric data. These methods aim to find components that do not only describe the deformations present in the data well, but are also sparse and localized.One of the problems related to PCA and sparse PCA is that they do not take the correlation between the x, y and z coordinates of each vertex into account when constructing the subspace. Furthermore, the methods are not invariant to rigid motion (rotations and translations) of the data samples, which means that rigid registration has to often be applied to the samples as a preprocessing step. Ideally, we would like to construct a subspace that is invariant to these rigid motions.This project investigates whether quaternions can be used to solve these problems. By describing each vertex as a pure quaternion, we show how quaternion PCA can be applied to geometric data and introduce a quaternion method of snapshots for improved computational efficiency. Additionally, we derive multiple quaternion sparse PCA techniques, which are inspired by the Sparse Localized Deformation Components (SPLOCS) method. Experimental results show that the quaternion PCA and sparse PCA methods are able to describe a richer space of deformations using fewer components. Furthermore, we show that quaternion PCA leads to improved rigid motion invariance.Computer Scienc
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