3 research outputs found
The Role of Public Infraestructure in Market Development in Rural Peru
No full textThis Study provides a conceptual framework to study the impact of rural infrastructure investment in market development and in the enhancement of income generating opportunities for the poor in rural Peru. The study uses descriptive methods and regression analysis together with relatively new impact evaluation techniques, like propensity score matching, to understand the causal paths through which the access to new or improved infrastructure services affect the livelihood strategies and livelihood outcomes of rural households. The data sources included in this study include regional time series data, several cross-section household level data sets coming from rural representative Living Standard Measurement Surveys; a household panel data set coming from the same source, together with specialized surveys developed by the author. The analysis shows that there are important complementarities in rural infrastructure investment. That is, even if any particular infrastructure investment (related to roads, electricity, telecommunication, water, or sanitation services) may be subject to diminishing returns, if done in isolation, this effect can be overcome if it is done in combination with other investments. In this way it is possible to get a sustained growth effect on rural incomes from infrastructure investment. The study shows that infrastructure investments reduce transaction costs and enhances the opportunities for spatial arbitrage, paving the way for improving market efficiency. However, the study warns that efficiency and equity gains may not occur simultaneously, because those that are better off in rural areas may obtain higher returns to infrastructure investments because of a larger private asset base or because of a better access to other public infrastructure.Peru; rural infrastructure; poverty; economic geography; rural roads; impact evaluation; non-agricultural employment
Vacunación contra la covid-19 y relaciones de trabajo
No full textIn several countries there is no obligation to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccination is thus a voluntary and free act. In the present work we will try to explain if this solution of principle is maintained in the field of labor relations or changes at the request of the employer, and as a consequence of the management powers exercised by the employer, the worker's duty of obedience or even, attending to the obligation of security and prevention of occupational risks that the employer has. For this purpose, we will analyze the scope of the discussion in Uruguay regarding the impacts caused by vaccination against COVID-19 in the field of the employment relationship.En diversos países no existe la obligación de vacunarse contra la covid-19. La vacunación resulta, así, un acto de carácter voluntario y gratuito. En el presente trabajo intentaremos explicar si esta solución de principio se mantiene en el ámbito de las relaciones laborales o muta ante la solicitud del empleador, y como consecuencia de los poderes de dirección que este ejerce, el deber de obediencia del trabajador o, incluso, atendiendo a la obligación de seguridad y de prevención de riesgos laborales que detenta el empleador. Para tal efecto, analizaremos cuál ha sido el alcance de la discusión en Uruguay con respecto a los impactos que provoca la vacunación contra la covid-19 en el ámbito de la relación de trabajo
Vacunación contra la covid-19 y relaciones de trabajo
No full textIn several countries there is no obligation to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccination is thus a voluntary and free act. In the present work we will try to explain if this solution of principle is maintained in the field of labor relations or changes at the request of the employer, and as a consequence of the management powers exercised by the employer, the worker's duty of obedience or even, attending to the obligation of security and prevention of occupational risks that the employer has. For this purpose, we will analyze the scope of the discussion in Uruguay regarding the impacts caused by vaccination against COVID-19 in the field of the employment relationship.En diversos países no existe la obligación de vacunarse contra la covid-19. La vacunación resulta, así, un acto de carácter voluntario y gratuito. En el presente trabajo intentaremos explicar si esta solución de principio se mantiene en el ámbito de las relaciones laborales o muta ante la solicitud del empleador, y como consecuencia de los poderes de dirección que este ejerce, el deber de obediencia del trabajador o, incluso, atendiendo a la obligación de seguridad y de prevención de riesgos laborales que detenta el empleador. Para tal efecto, analizaremos cuál ha sido el alcance de la discusión en Uruguay con respecto a los impactos que provoca la vacunación contra la covid-19 en el ámbito de la relación de trabajo
