107 research outputs found
Adolescent blood pressure, body mass index and skin folds: sorting out the effects of early weight and length gains
No full textBackground Although there is longstanding evidence ofthe short-term benefits of promoting rapid growth foryoung children in low-income settings, more recentstudies suggest that early weight gain can also increasethe risk of chronic diseases in adults. This paperattempts to separate the effects of early life weight andlength/height gains on blood pressure, body mass index(BMI), sum of skin folds and subscapular/triceps skin foldratio at 14e15 years of age.Methods The sample comprised 833 members ofa prospective population-based birth cohort from Brazil.Conditional size (weight or height) analyses were used toexpress the difference between observed size at a givenage and expected size based on a regression, includingall previous measures of the same anthropometric index.A positive conditional weight or height indicates growingfaster than expected given prior size.Results Conditional weights at all age ranges werepositively associated with most outcomes; each z-scoreof conditional weight at 4 years was associated with anincrease of 6.1 mm in the sum of skin folds (95% CI 4.5to 7.6) in adolescence after adjustment for conditionallength/height. Associations of the outcomes withconditional length/height were mostly negative or nonsignificantdeachz-score was associated witha reduction of 2.4 mm (95% CI ?3.8 to ?1.1) in the sumof skin folds after adjustment for conditional weight. Noassociations were found with the skin fold ratio.Conclusion The promotion of rapid length/height gainwithout excessive weight gain seems to be beneficial forlong-term outcomes, but this requires confirmation fromother studies
PROPOSTA DE UM MODELO TEÓRICO PARA A ADOÇÃO DA PRÁTICA DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA
No full textA compreensão de como as pessoas adotam um estilo de vida fisicamente ativo constitui um desafio para a implantação de políticas públicas e, ao mesmo tempo, um avanço em termos de promoção da saúde. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi propor a utilização de modelos teóricos quando se estuda a adoção da prática de atividade física. Para isso, dividiuse o trabalho em três partes. Na primeira, são abordadas as teorias/modelos encontrados na literatura, relacionados à adoçãoda atividade física. Na segunda, apresenta-se uma proposta de um modelo teórico. E, na terceira parte, comenta-se sobre a utilidade e aplicação dos modelos teóricos nos estudos sobre atividade física e saúde. Espera-se, com este trabalho, chamar a atenção dos pesquisadores para a importância de empregar modelos teóricos, estimulando debates a respeito deste assunto, bem como a disseminação deste conhecimento
Physical activity in Brazil: a systematic review Atividade física no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática
No full textThe purpose of this study, based on a systematic literature review, was to describe the prevalence of physical activity (or inactivity) in the Brazilian population. The databases consulted were: LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Google Scholar portal. The terms "physical activity", "physical exercise", "physical inactivity", "sedentary" "Brazil", and "Brazilian" were used in the search. Overall, 47 studies (all cross-sectional) with random samples were found, and in 26 studies physical activity was the main variable. Only two studies were published before the year 2000, as compared to 12 in 2008 alone. The studies were heavily concentrated in the South and Southeast of Brazil, and there were few studies on physical activity in children and adolescents. In all the studies, physical activity was measured subjectively, mainly with questionnaires, and the most widely studied domain was leisure time. The criteria for defining physical activity varied widely, as did prevalence. The study highlighted the need for standardization of instruments, criteria, and nomenclature in epidemiological studies on physical activity.O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, a prevalência de atividade (ou inatividade) física no Brasil. As bases de dados consultadas foram: LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, Web of Science e o portal Google Acadêmico. Os termos de busca foram: "atividade física", "exercício físico", "inatividade física", "sedentarismo", "Brasil" e "brasileiros". Foram localizados 47 estudos (todos transversais) com dados sobre prevalência de atividade física em amostras aleatórias, sendo que em 26, esta foi a principal variável. Apenas dois estudos foram publicados antes de 2000, e 12 em 2008. Houve uma grande concentração de trabalhos nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, e poucos estudos com crianças. Em todos os trabalhos, a atividade física foi mensurada de forma subjetiva, principalmente por meio de questionários, e o domínio mais estudado foi o lazer. Os critérios para definir atividade física variaram amplamente, assim como a sua prevalência. Evidencia-se a necessidade de padronização dos instrumentos, critérios e nomenclatura nos estudos epidemiológicos sobre atividade física
PROPOSTA DE UM MODELO TEÓRICO PARA A ADOÇÃO DA PRÁTICA DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA
No full textA compreensão de como as pessoas adotam um estilo de vida fisicamente ativo constitui um desafio para a implantação de políticas públicas e, ao mesmo tempo, um avanço em termos de promoção da saúde. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi propor a utilização de modelos teóricos quando se estuda a adoção da prática de atividade física. Para isso, dividiuse o trabalho em três partes. Na primeira, são abordadas as teorias/modelos encontrados na literatura, relacionados à adoçãoda atividade física. Na segunda, apresenta-se uma proposta de um modelo teórico. E, na terceira parte, comenta-se sobre a utilidade e aplicação dos modelos teóricos nos estudos sobre atividade física e saúde. Espera-se, com este trabalho, chamar a atenção dos pesquisadores para a importância de empregar modelos teóricos, estimulando debates a respeito deste assunto, bem como a disseminação deste conhecimento
Demographic shifts and health dynamics: Exploring the impact of aging rates on health outcomes in Brazilian capitals
No full textObjectives: We aimed to examine the association between population aging and the prevalence of non-communicable diseases and risk factors in the Brazilian population. Study design: An ecological study using secondary data from 2010 to 2023 of the Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). Methods: We estimated the aging rate in 2010 and 2022 as the ratio of people aged 65 or older to those younger than 15 using the 2010 and 2022 Brazilian censuses. We calculated the absolute differences in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes) and their risk factors (smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, obesity) and negative health perceptions in 2010 and 2023 for the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District. Linear regression assessed the relationship between aging rate and health outcomes. We stratified the analyses to explore the differences by sex. Results: Brazil's aging rate was higher among women than men (average of 0.20 and 0.31, respectively). The increased number of older adults was associated with a higher prevalence of excess weight and diabetes in men. In women, the aging rate was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Conclusions: Our findings show a sex-specific association between population aging and the prevalence of health conditions in the Brazilian population. By discerning the sex-specific nuances and untangling the multifactorial influences, this research aspires to contribute valuable insights to the burgeoning field of public health in the face of evolving demographic landscapes
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
No full textIntroductionWhether patterns of physical activity in different communities can be attributed to the built environment or instead reflect self-selection is not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine neighborhood preferences and behavior-specific physical activity among residents who moved to a new urbanist-designed community.MethodsWe used data from a 2009 survey (n = 424) that was designed and administered to evaluate neighborhood preferences and behavior-specific physical activity before and after residents moved. Data were grouped and stratified by pre-move physical activity levels into low-, middle-, and high-activity groups. We used Student\u2019s paired sample t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare pre- and post-move scores and used an analysis of variance to compare mean changes as a function of pre-move physical activity level.ResultsAfter moving, the high-activity group continued to be significantly more active than the middle- and low-activity groups (P < .001). However, we saw the biggest increase in pre- to post-move total physical activity in the low-activity group (mean increase, 176.3 min/wk) compared with the middle- (mean increase, 69.5 min/wk) and high-activity groups (mean decrease, 67.9 min/wk). All 3 groups had significant increases in walking inside the neighborhood for recreation. The preferred neighborhood features with the most significant pre- to post-move change scores were those associated with greater walkability.ConclusionThis study supports the role the environment plays in physical activity. These data suggest that moving to an activity-friendly neighborhood can positively affect physical activity levels, particularly among residents who had previously been least active
Sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes: comparação de três critérios de classificação baseados no índice de massa corporal
No full textIs food environment associated with body mass index, overweight and obesity? A study with adults and elderly subjects from southern Brazil
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