161 research outputs found
The shape of the urine stream — from biophysics to diagnostics
No full textWe develop a new computational model of capillary-waves in free-jet flows, and apply this to the problem of urological diagnosis in this first ever study of the biophysics behind the characteristic shape of the urine stream as it exits the urethral meatus. The computational fluid dynamics model is used to determine the shape of a liquid jet issuing from a non-axisymmetric orifice as it deforms under the action of surface tension. The computational results are verified with experimental modelling of the urine stream. We find that the shape of the stream can be used as an indicator of both the flow rate and orifice geometry. We performed volunteer trials which showed these fundamental correlations are also observed in vivo for male healthy volunteers and patients undergoing treatment for low flow rate. For healthy volunteers, self estimation of the flow shape provided an accurate estimation of peak flow rate (+-2%). However for the patients, the relationship between shape and flow rate suggested poor meatal opening during voiding. The results show that self measurement of the shape of the urine stream can be a useful diagnostic tool for medical practitioners since it provides a non-invasive method of measuring urine flow rate and urethral dilation
Video for Presentation "The Feasibility of Dense Indoor LoRaWAN Towards Passively Sensing Human Presence"
No full textThe talk was given in the Best Paper Candidate session at 11:30am CET on the 24th of March 2021 at the 19th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom 2021) in Kassel, Germany. This version of the talk was pre-recorded as a backup by the author. The teaser summarized the paper in one minute and has been circulated on Twitter before the conference and is stored here for reference.
The paper and talk introduces the concept of a Dense Indoor Sensor Network (DISN) and investigates whether Long Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWAN) are a feasible technology to underpin a DISN. We test a DISN with 390 sensor devices in an office building at ETH Zürich for 5 months in 2020 - however, the system is still collecting data until at least December 2021. We find that the a gateway every 30m and 5 floors provides an effective coverage for a DISN based on LoRaWAN ensuring both signal quality and redundancy.
The paper and talk also aim towards passively sense human presence based on a DISN. They give a preview of the collected data by using the COVID-19 induced lockdown as a natural experiment to expose the human-activity related variation in sensor measurements in the building.The accompanying research is presented at IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications 2021 (PerCom'21). The research that produced this presentation is funded by ETH Zürich under the grant ETH-15 16-2. We thank Michal Gath-Morad for the BIM used for distance computations
Future Cities—City Futures: Emerging Urban Perspectives
No full textThe book is about future cities and possible scenarios for city futures. A question central to this book is how to face urban challenges while providing and safeguarding positive outcomes, concerned with the improvement of the quality of urban life: How can future cities be made more liveable, sustainable, and resilient? How can cities continue to provide a wide range of opportunities for all necessities of life? To tackle these complex questions, the book includes a collection of 25 articles written by 37 emerging voices in urban design and research. Together, they contribute from a diverse spectrum of interest, expertise, academic disciplines, and practice. They approach the built environment from a socio-cultural, respectively socio-economic perspective, from the viewpoint of urban policy and public health, with environmental concerns for urban sustainability and circularity in mind, and through the lens of urban computer and data science, providing a take on urban digitalization and transformation of cities into ‘smart’ cities. Together, their contributions reflect the complexity and diversity of challenges and opportunities underpinning future cities. Future Cities—City Futures intends to be a platform for trans-disciplinary urban discourse
Flexible robotic device for spinal surgery
No full textSurgical robots have proliferated in recent years, with well-established benefits including: reduced patient trauma, shortened hospitalisation, and improved diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcome. Despite these benefits, many challenges in their development remain, including improved instrument control and ergonomics caused by rigid instrumentation and its associated fulcrum effect. Consequently, it is still extremely challenging to utilise such devices in cases that involve complex anatomical pathways such as the spinal column.
The focus of this thesis is the development of a flexible robotic surgical cutting device capable of manoeuvring around the spinal column. The target application of the flexible surgical tool is the removal of cancerous tumours surrounding the spinal column, which cannot be excised completely using the straight surgical tools in use today; anterior and posterior sections of the spine must be accessible for complete tissue removal. A parallel robot platform with six degrees of freedom (6 DoFs) has been designed and fabricated to direct a flexible cutting tool to produce the necessary range of movements to reach anterior and posterior sections of the spinal column. A flexible water jet cutting system and a flexible mechanical drill, which may be assembled interchangeably with the flexible probe, have been developed and successfully tested experimentally. A model predicting the depth of cut by the water jet was developed and experimentally validated. A flexion probe that is able to guide the surgical cutting device around the spinal column has been fabricated and tested with human lumber model. Modelling and simulations show the capacity for the flexible surgical system to enable entering the posterior side of the human lumber model and bend around the vertebral body to reach the anterior side of the spinal column. A computer simulation with a full Graphical User Interface (GUI) was created and used to validate the system of inverse kinematic equations for the robot platform. The constraint controller and the inverse kinematics relations are both incorporated into the overall positional control structure of the robot, and have successfully established a haptic feedback controller for the 6 DoFs surgical probe, and effectively tested in vitro on spinal mock surgery. The flexible surgical system approached the surgery from the posterior side of the human lumber model and bend around the vertebral body to reach the anterior side of the spinal column. The flexible surgical robot removed 82% of mock cancerous tissue compared to 16% of tissue removed by the rigid tool.Open Acces
Custom Fit Non-Invasive Ventilation Mask with Microclimate Monitor: Preliminary Study
No full textMask and interface design have been emphasized in previous research in relation to Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV) and pressure ulcer prevention. A number of variables contribute to necrosis, but critical research has shown that the skin-mask interface is the most important. The goal of this study is to determine whether preexisting ventilation mask designs can be modified in order to improve clinical outcomes. A Custom-Fit ventilation Mask (CFM) was created using 3D scanning and printer technology. A disposable, custom-fit cushion has been fabricated in order to integrate with a pre-existing mask. A mask is equipped with embedded sensors that measure the microclimate between the skin and the mask as precisely as possible. Real-time data is plotted and monitored for critical conditions and to identify other key features. A preliminary Temperature-Humidity (T-H) monitoring of the skin-mask interface shows fluctuation trends that could potentially induce PUs. However, there is a less sensitive reaction in the original mask test
Innovative Design of Biodegradable Stents: Enhancing Durability and Compatibility to Mitigate Restenosis and Thrombosis in Vascular Treatments
No full textHeart diseases are the leading global causes of mortality and morbidity due to obstructed blood vessels. Current clinical practice primarily utilizes stents, but standard models encounter significant limitations, including restenosis, thrombosis, mechanical failure, and issues pertaining to performance and biometric longevity. This research aims to create a novel arterial stent that effectively minimizes vein blockages while enhancing durability and compatibility. with biological environments. The study employs advanced methodologies such as finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to rigorously assess and optimize stent geometry and material characteristics. Key considerations include mechanical stability, decreased restenosis rates, and the potential for controlled degradation using biodegradable materials like magnesium alloys and polymer-metal composites. A magnesium alloy stent model was designed using SolidWorks, followed by three tiers of simulations. After simulating one million cardiac cycles, the stent exhibited fatigue-resilient behaviour in both dynamic linear and nonlinear analyses. The collective results of the simulations affirm that the device achieves high radial strength (~550 N mm⁻¹), while also offering compliant expansion and effective addressing of the issues surrounding restenosis, thrombosis, and mechanical durability. This innovative approach has the potential to reshape clinical practices, enhance patient outcomes, and establish a benchmark for future stent design research. Future work is suggested to diffuse local stress peaks, alongside outlining a roadmap for transitioning from in vitro and in vivo studies to regulatory approval and subsequent clinical application
The risk faced by consumers in e-retailing
No full textIn global world, internet gives a big impact to the retailer, businessman and shops to run their
business through online. Online shopping is convenient, save time and offer cheaper cost to the
customer. By providing online store, many customers will faced multiple issues. The purpose of the
study is to identify the risk faced by consumer in E-shopping. To identify the risk that customer
might face in online retail, several research paper from different author has been used to compare
the issues. As recommendation, e-retailers can apply some of marketing strategy to reduce the risk
and issues in online stores
Influence of the patient population on the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
No full textAbstract: 744 patients from 3 different clinical settings were evaluated as follows: unfractionated heparin (UFH) during or after cardiac surgery (n=100), UFH after orthopedic surgery (n=100, = 205) and molecular weight heparin (LMWH) after orthopedic surgery (n = 439). In the activation assay, the frequency of HIT-IgG formation varied from a minimum of 3.2% in orthopedic patients receiving LMWH to a maximum of 20% in cardiac patients receiving UFH; per antigen assay, the corresponding frequencies ranged from 7.5% to 50%.
However, in patients who developed HIT-IgG and received UFH, the probability of HIT was higher in orthopedic patients than in cardiac patients (according to the activation assay: 52.6% vs. 5%; odds ratio 21.1). [95% CI, 2.2-962.8]; P = .001; nach Antigen-Assay: 34,5 % vs. 2,0 %; Odds Ratio, 25,8 [95 % KI, 3,2-1141]; P < 001). It is concluded that there is an unexpected dissociation between the frequency of HIT-IgG formation and the risk of HIT, which depends on the patient population.
Keywords: cardiac patients, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, patient population.
Title: Influence of the patient population on the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Author: MOHAMMED AYED ALSEFRI, MORAD AYED ALSEFRI, ABDULLAH SALEM ALHARBI
International Journal of Life Sciences Research
ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)
Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022
Page No: 82-86
Research Publish Journals
Website: www.researchpublish.com
Published Date: 22-December-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7472536
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/influence-of-the-patient-population-on-the-risk-of-heparin-induced-thrombocytopeniaInternational Journal of Life Sciences Research, ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online), Research Publish Journals, Website: www.researchpublish.co
Future Cities—City Futures: Emerging Urban Perspectives
No full textThe book is about future cities and possible scenarios for city futures. A question central to this book is how to face urban challenges while providing and safeguarding positive outcomes, concerned with the improvement of the quality of urban life: How can future cities be made more liveable, sustainable, and resilient? How can cities continue to provide a wide range of opportunities for all necessities of life? To tackle these complex questions, the book includes a collection of 25 articles written by 37 emerging voices in urban design and research. Together, they contribute from a diverse spectrum of interest, expertise, academic disciplines, and practice. They approach the built environment from a socio-cultural, respectively socio-economic perspective, from the viewpoint of urban policy and public health, with environmental concerns for urban sustainability and circularity in mind, and through the lens of urban computer and data science, providing a take on urban digitalization and transformation of cities into ‘smart’ cities. Together, their contributions reflect the complexity and diversity of challenges and opportunities underpinning future cities. Future Cities—City Futures intends to be a platform for trans-disciplinary urban discourse.Theory, Territories & TransitionsSupport Urbanis
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