245 research outputs found
Planar Maximum Matching: Towards a Parallel Algorithm
No full textPerfect matchings in planar graphs have been extensively studied and understood in the context of parallel complexity [P W Kastelyn, 1967; Vijay Vazirani, 1988; Meena Mahajan and Kasturi R. Varadarajan, 2000; Datta et al., 2010; Nima Anari and Vijay V. Vazirani, 2017]. However, corresponding results for maximum matchings have been elusive. We partly bridge this gap by proving:
1) An SPL upper bound for planar bipartite maximum matching search.
2) Planar maximum matching search reduces to planar maximum matching decision.
3) Planar maximum matching count reduces to planar bipartite maximum matching count and planar maximum matching decision.
The first bound improves on the known [Thanh Minh Hoang, 2010] bound of L^{C_=L} and is adaptable to any special bipartite graph class with non-zero circulation such as bounded genus graphs, K_{3,3}-free graphs and K_5-free graphs. Our bounds and reductions non-trivially combine techniques like the Gallai-Edmonds decomposition [L. Lovász and M.D. Plummer, 1986], deterministic isolation [Datta et al., 2010; Samir Datta et al., 2012; Rahul Arora et al., 2016], and the recent breakthroughs in the parallel search for planar perfect matchings [Nima Anari and Vijay V. Vazirani, 2017; Piotr Sankowski, 2018]
Dynamic Complexity of Reachability: How Many Changes Can We Handle?
No full textIn 2015, it was shown that reachability for arbitrary directed graphs can be updated by first-order formulas after inserting or deleting single edges. Later, in 2018, this was extended for changes of size (log n)/(log log n), where n is the size of the graph. Changes of polylogarithmic size can be handled when also majority quantifiers may be used.
In this paper we extend these results by showing that, for changes of polylogarithmic size, first-order update formulas suffice for maintaining (1) undirected reachability, and (2) directed reachability under insertions. For classes of directed graphs for which efficient parallel algorithms can compute non-zero circulation weights, reachability can be maintained with update formulas that may use "modulo 2" quantifiers under changes of polylogarithmic size. Examples for these classes include the class of planar graphs and graphs with bounded treewidth. The latter is shown here.
As the logics we consider cannot maintain reachability under changes of larger sizes, our results are optimal with respect to the size of the changes
Letter from Martin Gardner to Tapan Kumar MukherJee 27 April 88
No full textA letter the author received from Martin Gardner
A study of Culture Shock in the Fiction of Bharati Mukherjee
No full textBharati Mukherjee is one of the true authors of the Indian Diaspora, having achieved a fortunateposition within a relatively brief creative journey. She has captured the Indian immigrantinvolvement in her works and two collections of short fiction as an exile in the United States. Sheis an author, short story essayist, verified essayist, and writer who was born in India. The vastbulk of her writings are about the lives of Indian immigrants in the United States. Sheinvestigates the topic of movement and change in her books. Immigrants, too, have one desire: tolive in America for the rest of their lives. As a result, as immigrants, they go through a process oftransition and identity transformation. She passes through distinct stages, such as exile,progress, and migration. Her paintings reveal her conflicts with the ethos, cultures, and peopleof the country where she was born (India) and the one to which she emigrated (Canada)(America). In all of her works, the nature of societal conflict causing mental urgency forms thecore of her achievement as a creative craftsman. She is succeeding in portraying societal conflictbetween the East and the West as a mental crises in her heroes\u27 own psyche. Mukherjee focuseson sensitive female protagonists who require a stable sense of personal and societal identity. Sheis concerned about her hero\u27s survival in the new surroundings. She is concerned in conveying aclear and interesting picture of Indian life to the American audience
Redox-Responsive Nanocapsules for the Spatiotemporal Release of Miltefosine in Lysosome: Protection against Leishmania
No full textLeishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease, is caused by intracellular parasite Leishmania donovani. Unlike most intracellular pathogens, Leishmania donovani are lodged in parasitophorous vacuoles and replicate within the phagolysosomes in macrophages. Effective vaccines against this disease are still under development, while the efficacy of the available drugs is being questioned owing to the toxicity for nonspecific distribution in human physiology and the reported drug-resistance developed by Leishmania donovani. Thus, a stimuli-responsive nanocarrier that allows specific localization and release of the drug in the lysosome has been highly sought after for addressing two crucial issues, lower drug toxicity and a higher drug efficacy. We report here a unique lysosome targeting polymeric nanocapsules, formed via inverse mini-emulsion technique, for stimuli-responsive release of the drug miltefosine in the lysosome of macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. A benign polymeric backbone, with a disulfide bonding susceptible to an oxidative cleavage, is utilized for the organelle-specific release of miltefosine. Oxidative rupture of the disulfide bond is induced by intracellular glutathione (GSH) as an endogenous stimulus. Such a stimuli-responsive release of the drug miltefosine in the lysosome of macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line over a few hours helped in achieving an improved drug efficacy by 200 times as compared to pure miltefosine. Such a drug formulation could contribute to a new line of treatment for leishmaniasis.A. Das acknowledges SERB (India) Grants (CRG/2020/000492 and JCB/2017/000004) and DBT Grant (BT/PR22251/NNT/28/1274/2017) for supporting this research. N. Mukherjee acknowledges SERB (India) Grant PDF/2016/001437 and K. Das acknowledges the grant EMR/2015/001674 for supporting this research. Financial support from DST (DST/INSPIRE/03/2017/002477) is acknowledged by R.T. This manuscript bears CSMCRI registration no 7/2021.Pramanik, SK (corresponding author), CSIR Cent Salt & Marine Chem Res Inst, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
Mukherjee, N (corresponding author), CSIR Indian Inst Chem Biol, Canc Biol & Inflammatory Disorder Div, Kolkata 700032, India.
Chattopadhy, S (corresponding author), BITS Pilani, Pilani 403726, Goa, India.
Das, A (corresponding author), Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, W Bengal, India.
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
LSB Layer Independent Robust Steganography using Binary Addition
No full textAbstractIn the field of security different steganography techniques hides data within the cover media in such a way so that human perception cannot follow it. All of these also try to follow three challenges of steganography i.e. robustness, imperceptibility and capacity. This proposed technique meets these three challenges very efficiently. Here the secret data are not directly embedded within the cover file but the intensity of cover pixel are adjusted in such a way so that at the receiver side the actual target bits are extracted from stego image by performing binary addition. The embedding also performs binary addition among desired number of bits selected from LSB and the two LSBs of the result of binary addition are considered as the interpretation of two target data bits. The maximum change in the intensity value is nominal and is not depends on the number of LSB layer chosen for binary addition. Since the actual data are not hidden thus intruders cannot get it by just using the concept of standard LSB extraction technique. Even though they are able to know the binary addition technique used here then also don’t get the actual target bits without knowing the number of LSB layers involved for binary addition. Two data bits are embedded in each pixel so from capacity point of view this technique is two times better than standard LSB technique for steganography
Tachykinin Family Genes and their Receptors are Differentially Expressed in the Hypothyroid Ovary and Pituitary
No full textPlasma tachykinin levels are known to be altered with
sexual acyclicity and loss of reproductive function.
Ovulatory dysfunction, as seen in postmenopausal
women, is also often encountered in hypothyroid
patients. To know the involvement of different
tachykinin genes in hypothyroidism-associated
reproductive disorders, we performed DD-PCR with
the pituitary RNA of control and hypothyroid rats to
see the differentially expressed gene profile.
Subsequently, we selected a few clones, tachykinin
being one of them. Since its expression was up
regulated in hypothyroidism as it does in the sexually
acyclic females, we wanted to correlate these two
phenomena with hypothyroidism associated
reproductive disorders. We observed differential
expression of tac2 along with other tk genes and their
receptors in rat pituitary and ovary, which suggests
that hypothyroidism affects the expression of these genes in these tissues. The experiments were
repeated in ovarian tissue obtained at surgery from
hypothyroid human patients, which showed similar
expression pattern of TAC3 (equivalent to rat tac2)
and their receptors as in rat ovary. Significant
reduction of tac2 expression in reproductively less
active rat ovary suggests the association of tac2 with
reproductive senescence. Our results suggest that
decline in reproductive function in hypothyroidism is
associated with altered expression level of tac2 and
its receptors. Further investigation in this area could
elucidate the possible mechanism of tachykinins’
involvement in loss of sexual cyclicity and other
reproductive disorders associated with
hypothyroidism
Analysing the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infections in schools: integrating model predictions with real world observations
No full text<p>Dataset and analysis for:</p>
<p>Analysing the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infections in schools: integrating model predictions with real world observations.<br>Arnab Mukherjee, Sharmistha Mishra, Vijaya Kumar Murty, Swetaprovo Chaudhuri<br> </p>
<p>For any questions please contact the first author at: [email protected]</p>
<p><strong>Contents:</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>school_active_cases_ON.zip:</strong> Contains datasets for number of COVID-19 infections reported by public schools in Ontario on ten different dates. The data files have been created based on the raw data in the file named 'covidtesting.csv' that has also been shared.</li>
<li><strong>school_active_cases_pdf.m:</strong> Matlab code to obtain PDF of secondary infections in schools for a particular date based on the datasets in 'school_active_cases_ON.zip'. To obtain PDF for different dates, the appropriate dataset needs to be loaded. Created in MATLAB R2021b.</li>
<li><strong>U_jet2.m:</strong><em> </em>User-defined Matlab function that is required to run the code 'gZ_code.m'. The function simulates the evolution of a simple jet/puff. Created in MATLAB R2021b.</li>
<li><strong>gZ_code.m:</strong> Matlab code to obtain the analytical PDF of secondary infections due to long-range transmission, near-field transmission, or both. Created in MATLAB R2021b.</li>
<li><strong>covidtesting.zip: </strong>Contains the data file 'covidtesting.csv' that reports the breakdown of COVID-19 infections in different public schools in Ontario on a daily basis. Data obtained from 'https://data.ontario.ca/dataset/summary-of-cases-in-schools/resource/dc5c8788-792f-4f91-a400-036cdf28cfe8'. Contains information licensed under the Open Government License – Ontario.</li>
<li><strong>schoolrecentcovid2021_2022.zip:</strong> Contains the data file 'schoolrecentcovid2021_2022.csv<strong>' </strong>that reports the status of COVID-19 cases in Ontario, obtained from 'https://data.ontario.ca/en/dataset/status-of-covid-19-cases-in-ontario/resource/ed270bb8-340b-41f9-a7c6-e8ef587e6d11'. Contains information licensed under the Open Government License – Ontario.</li>
</ol>
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Civil-Military Relations and Military Effectiveness in India
No full textThis chapter looks into India's civil-military relations and its impact on India's military effectiveness. It discusses the theory of civil-military relations and identifies that while Huntington's 'bjective control' best describes civil-military relations in India, it does not, contrary to Huntington's claim, maximize military effectiveness. Borrowing from Risa Brook's approach, the author analyses Indian military effectiveness by examining its four crucial determinants-weapons procurement, defence planning, integration and human resource development. He argues that the current structure of civil-military relations, more accurately described as an 'absent dialogue', has an adverse impact on its military effectiveness. While the Indian state has acknowledged some of these problems and has made some attempts at defence reforms, more forceful political intervention is required.</p
Induction of inflammatory response in human cell lines by arsenic-contaminated soil-isolated bacterium Micrococcus sp. KUMAs15
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