29 research outputs found
Correction:Experimental Study of the Impact of Folding Wingtip Devices on Aircraft Flight Mechanics and Handling Qualities (AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition, 2023)
No full textCorrection Notice 1. One more author needs to be included to the author list: Huaiyuan Gu, Ronald Cheung, Fintan Healy, Djamel Rezgui, Mark Lowenberg, Jonathan Cooper Author(s) Affiliations: Professor of Flight Dynamics, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol 2. Figure 9 caption needs to be changed to: Comparison of the drag curves of (a)(b) straight wing and (c)(d) swept wing with various hinge conditions. 3. Figure 11 caption needs to be changed to: Schematic representation of the shift of aerodynamic centre on the (a) straight and (b) swept wings caused by different hinge conditions. 4. Figure 23 caption needs to be changed to: Comparison of the short period damping and frequency measured from (a) straight wing model and (b) swept wing model incorporating various hinge conditions.</p
La pratique du merchandising au sein de la grande distribution Cas de Dylia Market Tizi- Ouzou
No full text129 p.:ill;30cm.(+cd)Dans le premier chapitre on a distingué que le supermarché, hypermarché ou hard-discout tous issue du libre-service et de la grande surface et que Les entreprises trouvent dans l’étude du comportement du consommateur un champ d’investigation nécessaire à la poursuite de leurs objectifs. Il s’agit principalement d’identifier des moyens capables d’améliorer la performance des actions qu’elles engagent. Quelles que soit que soient les techniques adoptées, il est indispensable de porter un regard structuré sur le comportement du Consommateur. Cela permet de comprendre les mécanismes à partir desquels le consommateur effectue ses choix et la manière dont il est réceptif à la pression marketing.
Cette partie théorique du deuxième chapitre est une vue d’ensemble sur l’importance de la pratique du merchandising dans les grandes distributions mais chaque enseigne a sa propre perception des choses et sa propre théorie a appliqué concernant la disposition des rayons ou la délimitation de sa zone de chalandise ou encore de sa manière d’implanter les points de ventes. Il n’y pas des règles strictes à suivre à la lettre mais il s’agit d’être spontané et créatif vis-à-vis des clients pour les surprendre et leurs éviter la routine.
Dans le troisième chapitre qui est le dernier nous on a essayé de répondre à la problématique posée dans l’introduction principale et ce dans le cadre d’une partie pratique dans laquelle on va présenter l’entreprise où le stage a été effectué ainsi l’étude quantitative faites sur le terrain.
Au terme de ce chapitre, en analysant les pratiques du merchandising au sein de DYLIA MARKET on a constaté que les techniques pratiquées sont d’ordre organisationnel, de gestion et de séduction. Mais la pratique de ces techniques soufre des anomalies que nous résumons comme suit : en premier lieu, le merchandising d’organisation les articles sont organisés verticalement sans tenir compte du facing optimal de chaque article, ce qui engendre des vides dans les linéaires, Le mauvais aménagement de l’assortiment engendre une mauvaise gestion du linéaire en deuxième lieu, le merchandising de gestion
Genetic diversity of Rhynchosporium secalis in Tunisia as revealed by pathotype, AFLP, and microsatellite analyses
No full textGenetic variability among 122 Rhynchosporium secalis isolates collected from barley in three regions of Tunisia was investigated using host differentials, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and microsatellite markers. The isolates were collected from a widely grown scald-susceptible barley cultivar Rihane and a range of local landrace cultivars in geographically distinct regions with different agroclimatic conditions. Pathotypic diversity (the proportion of unique pathotypes) was high in R. secalis populations from the high (100% diversity), moderate (95%), and low (100%) rainfall areas of Tunisia, and from both Rihane (which is the sole variety grown in the high rainfall region) and local landraces (which predominate in the low rainfall area). This may reflect a general adaptability for aggressiveness and suggests that the widely grown cultivar Rihane has exerted little or no selection pressure on the pathogen population since its release in 1983. Genotypic diversity (GD), defined as the probability that two individuals taken at random had different genotypes, was high for populations from Rihane, local landraces, and different agro-ecological zones (GD = 0.96-0.99). There was low genetic differentiation among pathogen populations from different host populations (G(ST) <= 0.08, theta <= 0.12) and agro-ecological zones (G(ST) <= 0.05, theta <= 0.04), which may be partly explained by gene flow due to the movement of infected stubble around the country. There was no correlation (r = 0.06, P = 0.39) between virulence phenotype and AFLP haplotype. A phenetic tree revealed groups with low bootstrap values that did not reflect the grouping of isolates based on host, pathotype, or agro-ecological region. The implications of these findings for R. secalis evolutionary potential and scald-resistance breeding in Tunisia are discussed
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Framework for effective collaborative working in construction
No full textThe potential benefits of collaborative working in construction projects have yet to be fully realised in the sector. This is in part due to the misunderstanding of the use of the information and communication technologies (ICT) and tools associated with working collaboratively. There are, however, isolated pockets of experts that have realised that in order to fully embrace the potential of collaborative working in their businesses, the role of ICT has to be closely aligned with the people that use it, and should relate to the overall goals of the business. The aim of the Planning and Implementation of Effective Collaboration in Construction (PIECC) project is to develop a decision-making framework that enables organisations to fully integrate ICT and its associated people and business issues into their projects and individual businesses. This paper reports on the development processes used to develop the framework, and its evaluation and testing within the UK construction sector. The paper presents the different processes that should be followed to develop a joint collaboration strategy, and the results and implications of using the PIECC framework to manage collaborative working
An in vivo pharmacokinetic study of metformin microparticles as an oral sustained release formulation in rabbits
No full textThis research was funded by the Government of the Region de Murcia (Spain) by the Fundacion Seneca (project 20950/PI/18). The Fundacion Seneca had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.Background: Metformin hydrochloride is a biguanide derivative that has been widely used to treat type 2 diabetes
in humans. In veterinary medicine, metformin has shown increasing potential for diabetes treatment in different
species, such as equids, dogs, cats and rabbits. It is highly hydrophilic, with incomplete gastrointestinal absorption
and very large variability in absolute bioavailability between species, ranging from 4% in equids to 60% in humans.
Metformin also shows a short half-life of approximately 2 h in dogs, cats, horses and humans. The objectives of this
study were to evaluate a poly (lactic acid) (PLA) metformin microparticle formulation to test in rabbits and conduct a
pharmacokinetics study of intravenous (
SIV) and oral solution (
SPO) metformin administration and oral PLA microparticle
(
SPLA) administration to rabbits to evaluate the improvement in the metformin pharmacokinetics profile.
Results: Metformin-loaded PLA microparticles were characterized by a spherical shape and high encapsulation
efficiency. The results from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy suggested the presence of interactions
between metformin and PLA. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis corroborated the results from the differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) studies, showing that metformin is present in an amorphous state within the microparticles. Physicochemical
characterization suggested that PLA and metformin hydrochloride interacted within the microparticles via
hydrogen bonding interactions. The pharmacokinetic study in rabbits showed sustained-release characteristics from
the prepared microparticles with a delay in the time needed to reach the maximum concentration (
Tmax), decreased
Cmax
and bioavailability, and increased mean residence time (MRT) and half-life compared to the pure drug solution.
Conclusions: Metformin-loaded PLA microparticles showed optimal and beneficial properties in terms of their physicochemical
characteristics, making them suitable for use in an in vivo pharmacokinetic study. The pharmacokinetic
parameters of the metformin microparticles from the in vivo study showed a shorter Tmax,
longer MRT and half-life,
decreased Cmax
and the prolonged/sustained release expected for metformin. However, the unexpected decrease in
bioavailability of metformin from the microparticles with respect to the oral solution should be evaluated for microparticle
and dose design in future works, especially before being tested in other animal species in veterinary medicine.Government of the Region de Murcia (Spain) by the Fundacion Seneca 20950/PI/1
Complex Collaborative Physical Process Management: A Position on the Trinity of BPM, IoT and DA
No full textPart 7: Collaborative Business ProcessesInternational audienceIn the modern economy, we see complex business processes with a physical character executed collaboratively by a set of autonomous business organizations. Examples are international container logistics, integrated supply and manufacturing networks, and collaborative healthcare chains - all of which handle physical objects. Over time, these processes have become more complex, more business-critical, more time-critical, and at the same time heavily mass-customized. This implies that the processes need to be managed more explicitly in an increasingly real-time fashion, with ample attention to individual process cases. To support this kind of processes, no single existing technology class suffices. Therefore, we propose to integrate technologies from the areas of business process management (BPM - to manage the processes), internet of things (IoT - to sense and actuate the physical objects) and distributed analytics (DA - to take the right decisions at the right place in real-time) into a trinity. We illustrate our position with an example from the domain of container logistics
Implementation of Virtual Design and Construction: Evaluation and improvement of the VDC implementation in the design phase of large AEC projects
No full textDesign processes in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry are claimed to lack performance (Churchill and Thoren, 2009; CIB, 2009; Rezgui et al, 2009). The lacking performance is caused by fragmentation of the industry into multiple disciplines (Rezgui et al, 2009). As a result of the multi-disciplinary nature of the industry, integrated collaboration is becoming increasingly important. However, integrated collaboration appears to be challenging as a result of characteristics of the AEC industry, such as the project-based nature, short-term business relationships and adversarial culture (Anumba et al, 2005 cited in Bektas et al, 2010a; Farinha et al, 2007; Churchill and Thoren, 2009). Throughout the AEC industry, initiatives are undertaken to improve performance of the AEC design process. Initiatives such as Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and Integrated Design and Delivery Solutions (IDDS) are focused on increasing integrated collaboration within design teams, through a combination of technological developments, alternative business models and a focus on organization and process (AIA, 2007; CIB, 2009). Whereas IPD and IDDS describe rather theoretical visions, a design approach called Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) is focused on operational aspects to translate those visions into practice. VDC provides integrated, multi-disciplinary, performance based virtual design and construction modeling (Garcia et al, 2004). VDC consists of several components, which focus on the level of the Product (the design), Organization (the design team) and Process (the design process) (POP) (Kunz and Fischer, 2009). POP visualizations are applied to visualize product, organization and process, whereas POP metrics are used for performance measurement. Theory describes that the VDC components are applied during an Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE) process, which takes place in an interactive meeting room. Although VDC is claimed to increase performance through integrated collaboration, VDC theory is still developing. Moreover, implementation of VDC is currently limited to case study projects and pilot environments in the US. Although companies in the Netherlands have identified VDC as a promising design approach for large AEC projects, the actual implementation of VDC in such projects is unclear. Therefore, this research aims to determine the expected degree of VDC implementation during the design phase of large, real-life projects. Moreover, this research aims to identify how VDC implementation in such projects can be improved. The research was conducted at a Dutch engineering consultancy firm which is currently implementing VDC. The research consisted of an extensive literature study about VDC and two case studies. The first case study was a pilot project during which VDC was applied. This case study was used to identify the current implementation of VDC during a pilot project. The other case study was a large, real-life AEC project. This case study provided insight into the project characteristics and challenges which are found in current, non-VDC practice. Data for the case studies was collected by means of semi-structured interviews with actors from different levels of the project organization. Additionally, observations and documentation analysis provided insight into the design processes of both case study projects. A cross case-theory analysis was performed to identify the influence of project characteristics of large AEC projects on the implementation of VDC. Moreover, challenges of large AEC projects provided insight into the need of VDC implementation. The research results show that in general, implementation of VDC during the design phase of large AEC projects is expected to be limited. The VDC case study showed that VDC components were only partially applied during the pilot project. VDC implementation in large AEC projects will be even more difficult as a result of additional project size, complexity, duration and actor involvement. The research showed that implementation of VDC in large AEC projects is expected to be limited to basic POP visualizations and POP metrics. Integrated Concurrent Engineering is expected to remain limited as well. Although application of more profound POP modeling, POP metrics and Integrated Concurrent Engineering is expected to be a long term goal, the current achievable level of VDC implementation could already provide some improvement of design process performance. Further VDC implementation in large AEC projects is expected to require a significant amount of effort, because of the large gap between VDC and the traditional design approach. Moreover, the added value of additional VDC implementation is yet unknown. In order to decrease the gap and to define the added value, it is recommended to use pilot projects. Pilot projects offer interaction between theory and practice. As such, pilot projects are important for the development of VDC theory as well as the improvement of VDC implementation in practice. Implementation of VDC in large AEC projects should be considered as a gradual process which consists of small steps.Design and Construction Management (DCM)Real Estate & HousingArchitectur
Efficient least angle regression for identification of linear-in-the-parameters models
No full text© 2017 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Least angle regression, as a promising model selection method, differentiates itself from conventional stepwise and stagewise methods, in that it is neither too greedy nor too slow. It is closely related to L1 norm optimization, which has the advantage of low prediction variance through sacrificing part of model bias property in order to enhance model generalization capability. In this paper, we propose an efficient least angle regression algorithm for model selection for a large class of linear-in-the-parameters models with the purpose of accelerating the model selection process. The entire algorithm works completely in a recursive manner, where the correlations between model terms and residuals, the evolving directions and other pertinent variables are derived explicitly and updated successively at every subset selection step. The model coefficients are only computed when the algorithm finishes. The direct involvement of matrix inversions is thereby relieved. A detailed computational complexity analysis indicates that the proposed algorithm possesses significant computational efficiency, compared with the original approach where the wellknown efficient Cholesky decomposition is involved in solving least angle regression. Three artificial and real-world examples are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency and numerical stability of the proposed algorithm
Efficient least angle regression for identification of linear-in-the-parameters models
No full text\ua9 2017 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Least angle regression, as a promising model selection method, differentiates itself from conventional stepwise and stagewise methods, in that it is neither too greedy nor too slow. It is closely related to L1 norm optimization, which has the advantage of low prediction variance through sacrificing part of model bias property in order to enhance model generalization capability. In this paper, we propose an efficient least angle regression algorithm for model selection for a large class of linear-in-the-parameters models with the purpose of accelerating the model selection process. The entire algorithm works completely in a recursive manner, where the correlations between model terms and residuals, the evolving directions and other pertinent variables are derived explicitly and updated successively at every subset selection step. The model coefficients are only computed when the algorithm finishes. The direct involvement of matrix inversions is thereby relieved. A detailed computational complexity analysis indicates that the proposed algorithm possesses significant computational efficiency, compared with the original approach where the wellknown efficient Cholesky decomposition is involved in solving least angle regression. Three artificial and real-world examples are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency and numerical stability of the proposed algorithm
Digitalising risk of fire resilience for UK buildings
No full textSeveral attempts have been made in the past to advance fire safety standards for residential buildings. However, the UK government has only partially succeeded in delivering detailed legislation that has been both successfully implemented and enforced across all types of dwellings. To further understand the government's approach, the author carried out detailed research into the common causes and triggers of fire that took place using a case study approach involving terrace housing, whilst also assessing the fitness for purpose of legislation with respect to the UK and EU regulatory landscape. In addition, independent research addressed all key elements of terraced dwellings, including information on fire alarm systems and detection devices, fire-resistant materials within external walls, compartmentalisation and combustibility of facades in roofing, quality of egress routes, and mitigation measures in place. Compiling data from multiple reputable sources such as the HSA, BRE and Home Office and comparing it with current legislation from Approved Document B: Fire Safety (vol. 2010-2019), indicated the government's failure to identify measures that could be adopted in order to retrofit existing homes and improve their resilience to the risk of fire. This severe deficiency in the lack of applicable legislation and safety methods in place for terrace housing confirms the need to implement contemporary approaches and advanced techniques for fire safety. This paper aims at exploring the resilience of the UK domestic housing to the risk of fire and provides simulation analysis from a real building case study identifying relevant fire propagation factors
