147 research outputs found
The Epidemiology of Migraine Headache in Arab Countries: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground. Recurring migraine disorders are a common medical problem, standing among the top causes of disability and sufferings. This study aimed to evaluate epidemiological evidence to report updated estimates on prevalence, risk factors, and associated comorbidities of migraine headache in the Arab countries. Design and Setting. A systematic review was conducted at the College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods. A systematic search in electronic databases, such as PubMed and Embase, as well as manual searches with cross-referencing was performed from 1990 up to 2019. Overall, 23 included papers were rated independently by two reviewers. Studies were eligible for inclusion only if they investigated migraine headache epidemiology in any Arab country and were published in English. Results. Migraine prevalence among the general population ranged between 2.6% and 32%. The estimated prevalence of migraine headache among medical university students ranged between 12.2% and 27.9% and between 7.1% and 13.7% in schoolchildren (6 to 18 years). Females were found more likely to have migraine than males. The duration of migraine attacks became shorter with increasing age, while chronic (daily) migraine showed increasing prevalence with age. The most commonly reported comorbidities with migraine included anxiety, hypertension, irritable bowel syndrome, and depression. Most common headache-triggering factors included stress, fatigue, sleep disturbances, prolonged exposure to excessive sunlight or heat, and hunger. Conclusion. The prevalence and risk factors of migraine headache in Arab countries are comparable to reports from western countries. Longitudinal studies are still needed to investigate the prognosis and predictors of chronicity in the arab countries
Changes in physical activity during COVID‐19 pandemic among Saudi Arabians: Results from a cross‐sectional study
No full textBACKGROUND AND AIMS: The COVID‐19 pandemic and the resultant change in sedentary behaviors have had immense health, economic, and social implications globally. As governments worldwide imposed lockdowns and curfews, the amount of time spent indoors greatly increased. This lead to a dramatic change in physical activity (PA) levels and profound consequences on daily routines. Our study aimed to investigate patterns of PA during the COVID‐19 pandemic among adults residing in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This cross‐sectional survey‐based study aimed to investigate patterns of PA during the COVID‐19 pandemic among adults residing in Saudi Arabia. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was utilized to measure participants' PA levels between April 2021 and May 2021. Participants were then classified into three groups according to their PA level, and their PA levels and sedentary behaviors were analyzed. RESULTS: We surveyed 463 participants, 315 (68%) of which were female and 134 (32%) of which were male with a median age of 23 (interquartile range, 21–35) years. Moderate‐to‐high PA was reported by 257 (55.7%) of the participants. There was a significant decrease in PA during the COVID‐19 pandemic and resultant lockdowns among the participants (p = 0.04), with higher rates of sedentary behavior among males than females (p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: The decline in PA is a profound challenge of the COVID‐19 pandemic that needs to be addressed by health practitioners and policymakers. Our study highlights the decline in PA levels seen during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the importance of promotional programs and interventions to increase PA among the Saudi Arabian population without compromising the essential health restrictions and social distancing
Global pattern, trend, and cross-country inequality of early musculoskeletal disorders from 1990 to 2019, with projection from 2020 to 2050
No full textBackground: This study aims to estimate the burden, trends, forecasts, and disparities of early musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders among individuals ages 15 to 39 years. Methods: The global prevalence, years lived with disabilities (YLDs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), projection, and inequality were estimated for early MSK diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), low back pain (LBP), neck pain (NP), gout, and other MSK diseases (OMSKDs). Findings: More adolescents and young adults were expected to develop MSK disorders by 2050. Across five age groups, the rates of prevalence, YLDs, and DALYs for RA, NP, LBP, gout, and OMSKDs sharply increased from ages 15–19 to 35–39; however, these were negligible for OA before age 30 but increased notably at ages 30–34, rising at least 6-fold by 35–39. The disease burden of gout, LBP, and OA attributable to high BMI and gout attributable to kidney dysfunction increased, while the contribution of smoking to LBP and RA and occupational ergonomic factors to LBP decreased. Between 1990 and 2019, the slope index of inequality increased for six MSK disorders, and the relative concentration index increased for gout, NP, OA, and OMSKDs but decreased for LBP and RA. Conclusions: Multilevel interventions should be initiated to prevent disease burden related to RA, NP, LBP, gout, and OMSKDs among individuals ages 15–19 and to OA among individuals ages 30–34 to tightly control high BMI and kidney dysfunction. Funding: The Global Burden of Disease study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project is funded by the Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38). © 2024 The Author **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Biswajit Banik” is provided in this record*
Global burden of peripheral artery disease and its risk factors, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground: Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends to inform policy and public measures. Methods: Data on peripheral artery disease were modelled using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 database. Prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality estimates of peripheral artery disease were extracted from GBD 2019. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rate of peripheral artery disease attributed to modifiable risk factors were also assessed. Findings: In 2019, the number of people aged 40 years and older with peripheral artery disease was 113 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99·2–128·4), with a global prevalence of 1·52% (95% UI 1·33–1·72), of which 42·6% was in countries with low to middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease was higher in older people, (14·91% [12·41–17·87] in those aged 80–84 years), and was generally higher in females than in males. Globally, the total number of DALYs attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019 accounted for 69·4% (64·2–74·3) of total peripheral artery disease DALYs. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was highest in countries with high SDI and lowest in countries with low SDI, whereas DALY and mortality rates showed U-shaped curves, with the highest burden in the high and low SDI quintiles. Interpretation: The total number of people with peripheral artery disease has increased globally from 1990 to 2019. Despite the lower prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males and low-income countries, these groups showed similar DALY rates to females and higher-income countries, highlighting disproportionate burden in these groups. Modifiable risk factors were responsible for around 70% of the global peripheral artery disease burden. Public measures could mitigate the burden of peripheral artery disease by modifying risk factors. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman” is provided in this record*
Association between Chronic Pain and Diabetes/Prediabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia
No full textBackground. Diabetes is a debilitating chronic health condition that is associated with certain pain syndromes. The present study sought to evaluate chronic pain and its association with diabetes mellitus at a population level. Methods. A population-based cross-sectional questionnaire survey study was conducted in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, from January 2016 to June 2016. Participants from both private and governmental institutions were selected following a multistage sampling technique and using a cluster sampling method. Anthropometric measurements were taken, including body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. A blood sample was also drawn from each respondent for fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, and fasting lipid profile. A P value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results. A total of 1003 subjects were included for final analysis. Compared to prediabetic and nondiabetic individuals, diabetic subjects had a higher prevalence of lower limb pain (11.1%), back pain (8.9%), abdominal pain (6.7%), and neck pain (4.4%) (X2 = 27.792, P=0.015). In a multiple logistic regression model, after adjusting for age, gender, education level, cholesterol, and smoking status, diabetic/prediabetic patients had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic pain ((OR) = 1.931 (95% CI = 1.536–2.362), P=0.037). Increased age was also significantly associated with chronic pain ((OR) = 1.032 (95% CI = 1.010–1.054, P=0.004). Conclusion. Results of this study found a significant association between diabetes and prediabetes and chronic pain symptoms. Prospective studies are needed to explore temporality of such association
International alliance and AGREE-ment of 71 clinical practice guidelines on the management of critical care patients with COVID-19: a living systematic review
No full textObjective: We aimed to systematically identify and critically assess the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 with the AGREE II instrument. Study design and setting: We searched Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, CNKI, CBM, WanFang, and grey literature from November 2019 – November 2020. We did not apply language restrictions. One reviewer independently screened the retrieved titles and abstracts, and a second reviewer confirmed the decisions. Full texts were assessed independently and in duplicate. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. We included any guideline that provided recommendations on the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Data extraction was performed independently and in duplicate by two reviewers. We descriptively summarized CPGs characteristics. We assessed the quality with the AGREE II instrument and we summarized relevant therapeutic interventions. Results: We retrieved 3,907 records and 71 CPGs were included. Means (Standard Deviations) of the scores for the 6 domains of the AGREE II instrument were 65%(SD19.56%), 39%(SD19.64%), 27%(SD19.48%), 70%(SD15.74%), 26%(SD18.49%), 42%(SD34.91) for the scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity of presentation, applicability, editorial independence domains, respectively. Most of the CPGs showed a low overall quality (less than 40%). Conclusion: Future CPGs for COVID-19 need to rely, for their development, on standard evidence-based methods and tools. © 2021 Elsevier Inc
Global pattern, trend, and cross-country inequality of early musculoskeletal disorders from 1990 to 2019, with projection from 2020 to 2050
No full textBackground: This study aims to estimate the burden, trends, forecasts, and disparities of early musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders among individuals ages 15 to 39 years.
Methods: The global prevalence, years lived with disabilities (YLDs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), projection, and inequality were estimated for early MSK diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), low back pain (LBP), neck pain (NP), gout, and other MSK diseases (OMSKDs).
Findings: More adolescents and young adults were expected to develop MSK disorders by 2050. Across five age groups, the rates of prevalence, YLDs, and DALYs for RA, NP, LBP, gout, and OMSKDs sharply increased from ages 15–19 to 35–39; however, these were negligible for OA before age 30 but increased notably at ages 30–34, rising at least 6-fold by 35–39. The disease burden of gout, LBP, and OA attributable to high BMI and gout attributable to kidney dysfunction increased, while the contribution of smoking to LBP and RA and occupational ergonomic factors to LBP decreased. Between 1990 and 2019, the slope index of inequality increased for six MSK disorders, and the relative concentration index increased for gout, NP, OA, and OMSKDs but decreased for LBP and RA.
Conclusions: Multilevel interventions should be initiated to prevent disease burden related to RA, NP, LBP, gout, and OMSKDs among individuals ages 15–19 and to OA among individuals ages 30–34 to tightly control high BMI and kidney dysfunction.
Funding: The Global Burden of Disease study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project is funded by the Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38).This study was produced as part of the GBD Collaborator Network and in accordance with the GBD Protocol (IHME ID: 4241-GBD2019). For GBD studies, a waiver of informed consent was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Washington. The Global Burden of Disease study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project is funded by the Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38). Y.J. and C.G. were joint first authors who contributed equally to the manuscript. L.-s.T. and D.W. were joint senior authors. Y.J. C.G. L.-s.T. and D.W. were writing authors of the manuscript. Providing data or critical feedback on data sources \u2013 Y.J. M. 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Y.M. E. Mostafavi, A. Mulita, G.R.N. M.D.N. S.N.S. Z.S.N. M. Naveed, B.P.N. M. Negaresh, D.H.N. H.Q.N. P.T.N. V.T.N. R.K.N. A.O.D.O. O.C.O. M.I.O. M.M.O. M.O.O. M.P.P.A. J.R.P. J.P. S. Patil, S. Pawar, P.P. S. Perna, H.T.P. M.P. E.J.S.P. F.R. S.R.-D. V. R.-M. S. Rashedi, S. Rawaf, N.R. L.R. P.R. A.M.A.S. B. Saddik, U.S. S. Samadzadeh, V.P.S. D.B.S. M.M.S.-M. Y. Sethi, A. Seylani, A. Shafaat, M.A. Shaikh, M.A. Shamshirgaran, J.A.S. P.S. S. Singla, A.A.S. Y. Solomon, C.K.S. S.T. M.R.T.-P. S.S.T. J.V.d.E. S.B.V. T.J.V. N.V. V.V. A.T.V, L.G.V, T.W. A.Y. G.Y. N.Y. M.Z.Y. A.Z. M. Zieli\u0144ska, Y.T.Z. M. Zoladl, L.-s.T. and D.W. Developing methods or computational machinery \u2013 Y.J. A.V.A. Q.E.S.A. H. Alemi, H. Amu, A.Y.A. M. Bayani, M.H.B. H.C. X.D. T.C.D. A. Fatehizadeh, M. Heidari, M. Hosseinzadeh, M.N.H. H.-H.H. A.A.J. H. Khajuria, S. Khateri, A. Kisa, C.L. T.T.T.L. L.H.N.M. M.M.E. A.H.M. Y.M. A. Mulita, H.Q.N. P.T.N. V.T.N. M.M.O. M.O. H.T.P. Z.R. P.R. U.S. A. Shafaat, A. Singh, S. Singla, C.K.S. S.B.V. J.H.V. and D.W. Providing critical feedback on methods or results \u2013 Y.J. C.G. M. Abbasian, M. Abbasifard, J.H.A. A. Abdullahi, A. Abedi, H. Abidi, H. Abolhassani, E.A.-G. S. Aburuz, A.A.-Z. I.Y.A. O.A.A. A.V.A. W.A. Q.E.S.A. S. Aghamiri, D. Ahmad, A. Ahmed, J.P.A. S. Akhlaghi, S. Akkala, T.A.A. M. Albashtawy, H. Alemi, E.A.A. S. Almustanyir, R.M.A.-R. N.J.A.-Z. Y.M.A.-W. H. Alzahrani, K.H.A. S. Amiri, H. Amu, J. Amzat, D.B.A. B.A. J. Arabloo, D. Areda, A. Artaman, A.A.A. K.K.A. M.A.-J. T.A. S.S.A. B.T.T.A. M.M.W.A. S. Azadnajafabad, H.A.T. A.Y.A. A. Badawi, N.B. R. Bai, M. Banach, M. Banakar, B.B. M. Bardhan, T.W.B. H.J.B. A. Barrow, K. Batra, M. Bayani, N.S.B. A. Begde, A.S.B. P.B. G.K.B. J.S.B. R. Bhatti, A. Bijani, V.R.B. J.B.-S. R. Buchbinder, K. Burkart, Y.B. M.H.B. L.A.C. V.K.C. A.C. G.C. H.C. L.C. S.W.M.C. D.-T.C. I.S.C. J.C. N.C.-M. S.C. O.D. X.D. Z.D. S. Das, M. Dashti, I.D.-E. B. Demisse, B. Desye, S. Dhingra, M. Diress, T.C.D. T.H.P.D. K.D.K.D. S. Dutta, A.M.D. H.A.E. M. Ekholuenetale, M. Elhadi, S.E. F.E. A.F.F. P.F. A. Fatehizadeh, A. Feizkhah, G. Fekadu, N.F. G. Fetensa, F.F. M.F.K. R.C.F. T.F. A.P.G. B. Ganesan, S.-Y.G. R.K.G. A.K.G. M.W.W.G. B.G.Y. A. Gholami, T.K.G. M.G.-N. A. Goyal, S.M.G. B. Guan, B. Gupta, I.R.G. S.G. V.B.G. V.K.G. F.H. W.B.H. R. Hajibeygi, R. Halwani, J.M.H. J. Hartvigsen, A.I.H. J. Haubold, J.J.H. M.I.H. G. Heidari, M.H. K.H. Y.H. H.H. M. Hosseinzadeh, A.H.H. C.-J.H. M.N.H. H.-H.H. B.-F.H. S.E.I. I.M.I. M.D.I. S.M.S.I. N.E.I. M.I. A.N.I. L.J. N.J. A.A.J. B.J. U.J. S.J. J.J. M.J. J.B.J. T.J. C.E.J. G.G.K. V.K.K. H. Kandel, R.S.K. J. Karami, I.M.K. A.K.B. N. Kaur, F.K. S. Kedir, Y.S.K. M.J.K. M.AB.K. M.Z.K.S. H. Khatatbeh, M.M.K. S. Khateri, M.S.K. J. Khubchandani, S. Kian, A. Kisa, A.T.T.K. A.-A.K. H.R.K. O.K. A.L.K. A. Koyanagi, K. Krishan, M.K. N. Kumar, M.D.K. M.A.L. C.L. T. Laksono, T. Lallukka, S.L. B.K.L. T.T.T.L. T.D.T.L. M. Lee, W.-C.L. Y.H.L. T.L.L. D.L.L. S.S.L. G.L. Z.F.M. A.A. Maghazachi, E.M.R. A.K.M. A.A. Malik, M.A.M. E. Manu, Y. Mathangasinghe, A. Mazzotti, S.M.M. M.K.M. T.M. T.R.M. L.H.N.M. M.M.E. E.M.M. A. Misganaw, H.M. A. Mohamadkhani, N.S.M. E. Mohammadi, S. Mohammadi, M.M. H.M.-F. A.H.M. K.M. S. Momtazmanesh, F.M. Y. Moradi, E. Mostafavi, S.E.M. A. Mulita, E.M.-Z. G.M. S. Muthu, G.R.N. M.D.N. N.N.A. S.N.S. S.N. P.R.C.N. A.N. Z.S.N. M. Naveed, B.P.N. A.N.-P. M. Negaresh, H.N. S.A.N. D.H.N. H.T.H.N. H.Q.N. P.T.N. V.T.N. R.K.N. A.O.D.O. H.O.-A. O.C.O. M.I.O. M.M.O. M.O. M.O.O. M.P.P.A. J.R.P. F.P. I.P. S. Park, J.P. S. Patil, S. Pawar, P. Pedersini, P. Peprah, S. Perna, I.-R.P. F.E.P.-R. H.T.P. M.P. E.J.S.P. F.R. Z. Rahimi, S.R.-D. V.R.-M. M.R. S.K.R. P. Ramasubramani, S. Rashedi, V.R. M.-M.R. A.R.-S. S. Rawaf, M.M.R.K.R. E.M.M.R. Nazila Rezaei, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Z. Rezaei, A.R. L.R. S. Roshanzamir, G.d.A.R. A.M.A.S. B.S. U.S. A. Safary, F.S.S.-A. N.S.S.-A. J.W.S. A.A.S. M.A.S. S. Salehi, S. Samadzadeh, Y.L.S. V.P.S. D.B.S. M.M.S.-M. 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J.H.A. reports support for the present article from the Health Research Council of New Zealand as payment to their institution; grants or contracts from Otago Medical Research Foundation as payments to their institution; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, unpaid, with the Osteoarthritis Research Society International and Osteoarthritis Aotearoa New Zealand outside the submitted work. B.A. reports an investigator-initiated trial grant with the Rebecca Cooper Foundation, investigator-initiated trial biomarkers assessment support from a Nat Rem Ltd grant, a speaker fee for a pharma-related presentation from Nat Rem Ltd; and travel support from IRACON, all outside the submitted work. T.W.B. reports support for the present article from the IDAlert project, part of the Europe Horizon Framework; grants from the European Union (Horizon 2020 and EIT Health), German Research Foundation (DFG), US National Institutes of Health, German Ministry of Education and Research, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Else-Kr\u00F6ner-Fresenius-Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, KfW, UNAIDS, and the WHO; consulting fees from KfW on the OSCAR initiative in Vietnam; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with the NIH-funded study \u201CHealthy Options\u201D (PIs: Smith Fawzi, Kaaya) as chair; membership on the Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB), German National Committee on the \u201CFuture of Public Health Research and Education\u201D; a role as chair of the scientific advisory board to the EDCTP Evaluation; membership on the UNAIDS Evaluation Expert Advisory Committee; National Institutes of Health Study Section Member on Population and Public Health Approaches to HIV/AIDS (PPAH); US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's committee for the \u201CEvaluation of Human Resources for Health in the Republic of Rwanda under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)\u201D; University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) Population Aging Research Center (PARC) external advisory board member; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as co-chair of the Global Health Hub Germany (which was initiated by the German Ministry of Health), all outside the submitted work. R. Buchbinder reports grants or contracts from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian Government, HCF Foundation, Cabrini Foundation, and Arthritis Australia as payments to their institution and royalties from UpToDate for a book chapter on plantar fasciitis, all outside the submitted work. X.D. reports support for the present article from IHME through salary as their employee. S. Das reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, unpaid, as American Association of Clinical Chemistry Division Leader and India section program chair and member of Women in Global Health India, all outside the submitted work. R.C.F. reports grants or contracts from Heatwaves in Queensland \u2013 Queensland government, Arc Flash \u2013 Human Factors \u2013 Queensland government, and Mobile Plant Safety \u2013 Agrifutures; honoraria for the World Safety Conference 2022 as conference convener; support for attending meetings and/or travel for ACTM \u2013 Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine Conferences 2022 and 2023 and ISTM \u2013 Travel Medicine Conference, Basel 2023; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as director of Kidsafe, director of Auschem, ISASH governance committee, director of Farmsafe, and PHAA Injury Prevention SIG convenor, all outside the submitted work. V.B. Gupta and V.K. Gupta report grants or contracts from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia, outside the submitted work. J.J.H. reports grants or contracts from ResearchNB and the Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation, outside the submitted work. A.H.H. reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as a board member of the Iranian Orthopedic Association Research Committee, editorial board member of Bone Reports, editorial board member of BMC Research Notes, and editorial board member of PlosOne, all outside the submitted work. I.M.I. reports support for the present article from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (project no. 175042, 2011\u20132023). M.D.I. reports support for the present article from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (no. 451-03-47/2023-01/200111). S.M.S.I. reports an investigator grant from NHMRC and a Vanguard grant from the Heart Foundation, all outside the submitted work. N.E.I. reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, unpaid, as bursar and council member of the Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Malaysia, outside the submitted work. T.J. reports support for the present article from the National Research, Development, and Innovation Office in Hungary (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006, Data-Driven Health Division of National Laboratory for Health Security) and National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund (TKP2021-NVA). I.M.K. reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from Hofstra University for the APHA Conference 2022, outside the submitted work. K. Krishan reports non-financial support from the UGC Centre of Advanced Study, CAS II, awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, outside the submitted work. T. Lallukka reports support for the present article from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (grant 29/26/2020) as payment to their institution. L.G.M. reports institutional grants from Roche and Biogen and speakers fees from UCB, Seqirus, and Jansen, all outside the submitted work. L.M. reports support for the present article from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente 34/2017) through payments made to the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo. S. Muthu reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from the ON Foundation for ICRS 2022 and 2023 and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, with Research Grants Committee SICOT International and NextGEN Committee ICRS, all outside the submitted work. F.P. reports grants or contracts from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) through an Australia Early Career Fellowship, outside the submitted work. M.P. reports grants from the Belgian Kids Fund for Pediatric Research outside the submitted work. Y.L.S. reports a doctoral scholarship from Taipei Medical University; contracts from FK Unpar, Indonesia, as contract-based academic staff; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as co-founder of Benang Merah Research Center; all outside the submitted work. S. Sawyer reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as president and past president of the International Association for Adolescent Health, outside the submitted work. J.H.A. reports support for the present article from the Health Research Council of New Zealand as payment to their institution; grants or contracts from Otago Medical Research Foundation as payments to their institution; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, unpaid, with the Osteoarthritis Research Society International and Osteoarthritis Aotearoa New Zealand outside the submitted work. B.A. reports an investigator-initiated trial grant with the Rebecca Cooper Foundation, investigator-initiated trial biomarkers assessment support for Nat Rem Ltd grant, a speaker fee for a pharma-related presentation from Nat Rem Ltd; and travel support from IRACON, all outside the submitted work. T.W.B. reports support for the present article from the IDAlert project, part of the Europe Horizon Framework; grants from the European Union (Horizon 2020 and EIT Health), German Research Foundation (DFG), US National Institutes of Health, German Ministry of Education and Research, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Else-Kr\u00F6ner-Fresenius-Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, KfW, UNAIDS, and the WHO; consulting fees from KfW on the OSCAR initiative in Vietnam; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with the NIH-funded study \u201CHealthy Options\u201D (PIs: Smith Fawzi, Kaaya) as chair; membership on the Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB), German National Committee on the \u201CFuture of Public Health Research and Education\u201D; a role as chair of the scientific advisory board to the EDCTP Evaluation; membership on the UNAIDS Evaluation Expert Advisory Committee; National Institutes of Health Study Section Member on Population and Public Health Approaches to HIV/AIDS (PPAH); US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine\u2019s committee for the \u201CEvaluation of Human Resources for Health in the Republic of Rwanda under the President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)\u201D; University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) Population Aging Research Center (PARC) external advisory board member; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as co-chair of the Global Health Hub Germany (which was initiated by the German Ministry of Health), all outside the submitted work. R. Buchbinder reports grants or contracts from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian Government, HCF Foundation, Cabrini Foundation, and Arthritis Australia as payments to their institution and royalties from UpToDate for a book chapter on plantar fasciitis, all outside the submitted work. X.D. reports support for the present article from IHME through salary as their employee. S. Das reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, unpaid, as American Association of Clinical Chemistry Division Leader and India section program chair and member of Women in Global Health India, all outside the submitted work. R.C.F. reports grants or contracts from Heatwaves in Queensland \u2013 Queensland government, Arc Flash \u2013 Human Factors \u2013 Queensla
Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Given the recent increasing trends in colorectal cancer incidence globally, up-to-date information on the colorectal cancer burden could guide screening, early detection, and treatment strategies, and help effectively allocate resources. We examined the temporal patterns of the global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in 204 countries and territories across the past three decades.Methods Estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for colorectal cancer were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 by age, sex, and geographical location for the period 1990-2019. Mortality estimates were produced using the cause of death ensemble model. We also calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer.Findings Globally, between 1990 and 2019, colorectal cancer incident cases more than doubled, from 842 098 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 810 408-868 574) to 2.17 million (2.00-2.34), and deaths increased from 518 126 (493 682-537 877) to 1.09 million (1.02-1.15). The global age-standardised incidence rate increased from 22.2 (95% UI 21.3-23.0) per 100 000 to 26.7 (24.6-28.9) per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 14.3 (13.5-14.9) per 100 000 to 13.7 (12.6-14.5) per 100 000 and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 308.5 (294.7-320.7) per 100 000 to 295.5 (275.2-313.0) per 100 000 from 1990 through 2019. Taiwan (province of China; 62.0 [48.9-80.0] per 100 000), Monaco (60.7 [48.5-73.6] per 100 000), and Andorra (56.6 [42.8-71.9] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised incidence rates, while Greenland (31.4 [26.0-37.1] per 100 000), Brunei (30.3 [26.6-34.1] per 100 000), and Hungary (28.6 [23.6-34.0] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised mortality rates. From 1990 through 2019, a substantial rise in incidence rates was observed in younger adults (age <50 years), particularly in high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries. Globally, a diet low in milk (15.6%), smoking (13.3%), a diet low in calcium (12.9%), and alcohol use (9.9%) were the main contributors to colorectal cancer DALYs in 2019.Interpretation The increase in incidence rates in people younger than 50 years requires vigilance from researchers, clinicians, and policy makers and a possible reconsideration of screening guidelines. The fast-rising burden in low SDI and middle SDI countries in Asia and Africa calls for colorectal cancer prevention approaches, greater awareness, and cost-effective screening and therapeutic options in these regions. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
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