9 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-jpx-10.1177_23743735221113053 - Supplemental material for Assessment of Social Trust in Relatives of Discharged Patients With Personal Consent and Other Relatives of Patients
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jpx-10.1177_23743735221113053 for Assessment of Social Trust in Relatives of Discharged Patients With Personal Consent and Other Relatives of Patients by Hamid Reza Moretza Bagi, Zhila Khamnian, Forough Hatami, Samad Shams Vahdati, Reza Yazdani and Sama Rahnemayan in Journal of Patient Experience</p
“How toxoplasma gondii affects cognition in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of animal studies”
No full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD), a major global health concern, is marked by progressive neurocognitive decline. Among established risk factors, the role of infectious agents, including parasites -particularly Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)- remains controversial. This systematic review aims to assess the effects of T. gondii infection in animal models of AD
Combination Therapy with Pyridoxine and Arginine Supplementations along with a Lysine-Restricted Diet in Individuals with Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
No full textBackground: Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is identified as a rare neurometabolic disease marked by biallelic pathogenic mutations of the ALDH7A1 gene. A combination therapy involving pyridoxine, arginine supplementation (AS), and a lysine-restricted diet (LRD) was frequently reported to effectively improve PDE through reducing neurotoxic lysine metabolites, improving seizure management, and enhancing neurodevelopmental outcomes. Objectives: The study sought to investigate the effects of mono-(pyridoxine), dual-(pyridoxine combined with AS or LRD), and triple-therapy approaches in individuals diagnosed with PDE. Methods: An extensive search was carried out across international databases, comprising Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, to find relevant publications published before 12 November, 2024. The methodological quality assessment of chosen articles was evaluated utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Results: Among 2097 studies reviewed, 38 met inclusion criteria, covering treatment methods for individuals with PDE including mono-therapy (22 articles), dual therapy (9 articles), and triple therapy (7 articles). The results indicated that pyridoxine monotherapy is a highly effective first-line treatment in PDE that improves seizure control with minimal cognitive decline. Combining pyridoxine with an LRD or AS targets metabolic issues, reducing neurotoxic metabolites and enhancing cognitive and motor functions. Early triple therapy, within the first 6 months of life, exhibited significant benefits for seizure management and cognitive performance in patients with PDE. Conclusions: In summary, administration of pyridoxine is highly effective, particularly when combined with AS and an LRD. Triple therapy illustrates promise for improved seizure control and cognitive function, especially when initiated early. Further research is warranted
Effect of A Probiotic Preparation on Gut Microbiota in Critically Ill Septic Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textBackground: Sepsis promotes severe physiologic alterations in patients, and it has been reported to induce profound changes in the gut microbial composition. The decrease of ‘health‑benefiting’ microbes and the increase in dysbiosis in critically ill patients are thought to induce or aggravate sepsis. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of a probiotic preparation, Lactocare®, on gut microbiota in critically ill septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Forty critically ill patients diagnosed with sepsis were assessed in this pilot randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized into two groups: Lactocare and control groups. Patients in the Lactocare group received two capsules of Lactocare® for 10 days. Fecal samples were taken from all patients on days 1 and 10 for determining the gut microbial pattern. The primary outcome was gut microbial flora, and secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and mortality. Results: Intragroup changes showed that all microbial flora considerably changed during the study period; the number of microbial flora significantly decreased in the control group and increased in the Lactocare group. Patients in the Lactocare group had a significantly lower incidence of diarrhea and infection with multidrug-resistant organisms. There was no difference in ICU length of stay in the Lactocare group compared to the control group (p= 0.289). The mortality rate was 30% in the control group compared to 20% in the Lactocare group (p: 0.465). Conclusion: This study showed a remarkable effect of the probiotic preparation on the gut microbiota in critically ill septic patients as it decreased the number of opportunistic pathogens. However, additional clinical research is needed to translate research into clinical practice to refine the clinical indication of the specific probiotic strains
Unveiling the neural roadmap: Using fMRI to examine the impacts of positive, negative, and neutral mood induction on driving behavior – A protocol
No full textIntroduction: The potential association between cognitive functions, mood states, and their effect on driving behavior is complex and has been previously studied in most cases suggesting mood and emotion as possible factors in high-risk driving behaviors. However, their outcome measures are subjective and prone to biases. In this study, we add objective physiological data to explore the physiological and behavioral background of the relevance of mood in high risk driving by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: In this study, 28 male right-handed drivers, aged between 20 to 30 years will be randomly selected from records of drivers in the central traffic department and included in the study. Each participant will drive virtually in an fMRI-compatible driving simulator, after positive, negative, and neutral mood induction, and fMRI will be performed to explore driving-related brain activity alterations and the impact of mood state on these effects. All data analyses will be performed using MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, MA) and the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12) software package. Results: This protocol study introduced a novel protocol to induce positive, negative, and neutral moods and study the impact of mood on driving. Conclusion: Comparing brain activity during driving after positive, negative, and neutral mood induction, this study will help to understand effects of different mood states on driving behavior. Furthermore, comparing the fMRI images of driving under different mood states will clarify the physiological foundation of the impact of mood states on driving behavior. The results of this study will help to introduce physiologically informed preventive or reinforcement strategies to control mood states while driving, and therefore might help to reduce a significant proportion of preventable car accidents
Effect of music on driving performance and physiological and psychological indicators: A systematic review and meta-analysis study
No full textBackground: Many studies have assessed the effect of music on driving. However, their results are very scattered and contradictory. Therefore, this systematic review is conducted to determine the effect of music on driving performance and drivers’ physiological and psychological indicators. Methods: Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched until July 2023. A manual search in Google Scholar for gray literature was conducted. The Simulation Research Rubric (SRR) tool was used to assess the reporting quality of the studies. Stata software (StataCorp, version 16) was used to perform a meta-analysis. Results: A total of 2650 records were identified. The findings of 19 studies were analyzed. Most of them were carried out in high-income countries (HICs) using simulators. The most frequently used music style was classic rock. The meta-analysis results indicated that music with high and medium volume increases the average driving speed, and music with low volume decreases it. Although music in every mood reduces the average reaction time, it positively reduces response delay and increases coherence. Music with high volume decreases the heart rate, but music with medium and low volume increases it. Listening to music increases the level of arousal and mental load. Conclusion: It was concluded that, in some indicators, listening to music has adverse effects on driving. However, in many indicators, music has a positive impact on improving driving safety. It is better to choose appropriate music for different driving conditions and to train the drivers about it
Role of dietary patterns in older adults with cognitive disorders: An umbrella review utilizing neuroimaging biomarkers
No full textVarious dietary patterns (DPs) may benefit or harm cognitive status through their components. Publications assessing the impact of DPs on cognitive scores using neuropsychological tests have often led to less promising results. Recently, numerous meta-analyses and systematic reviews have utilized neuroimaging to identify more subtle brain-associated alterations related to cognition. Combining neuroimaging methods with neuropsychological assessments could clarify these findings. This umbrella review was conducted to systematically explore evidence on the impact of DPs on neuroimaging biomarkers in older adults with cognitive disorders. Scientific databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, were comprehensively searched from the earliest available data until May 11, 2024. Out of 89 papers, 15 meta-analyses and systematic reviews were included in our umbrella review. These selected papers addressed 27 DPs and their impact on neuroimaging biomarkers. Most selected papers were of moderate quality. Studies revealed that greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) correlated with increased cortical thickness, improved glucose metabolism in the brain, and reduced amyloid-beta and tau deposition, as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging and other neuroimaging techniques. Higher adherence to healthy DPs, such as the MedDiet, reduced the risk of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. In contrast, Western and high glycemic diets were associated with increased cognitive decline
Demographic information and risk factors of stroke patients younger than 65 years old
No full textObjective: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of risk factors for and demographics ofpatients younger than 65 years old with stroke. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study took into consideration all patients younger than 65 years old who were admitted to the emergency department from 2016 to 2018. Some significant criteria such as age, sex, type of stroke, stroke risk factors, and modified Ranking Scale (mRS) were extracted from patients’ medical records. Based on their age, these patients were divided into three groups: younger than 35 years old (Group A), between 35-50 years old (Group B), and older than 50 years old (Group C). Data analysis was carried out using IBM® SPSS® Statistics 20.0 software. Results: A total of 392 patients with stroke were included in this study. Groups A, B, and C included 31, 124, and 237 patients, respectively. Among them, 313 patients (79.84%) were admitted to the hospital in cold seasons, while 73 patients (18.6%) had no symptoms related to stroke at the time of admission. The most common adjustable risk factor among the patients was hypertension (HTN) with a frequency of 230 (58.7%). Of note, the frequency of HTN, diabetes, atrial fibrillation (AF), oral contraceptive pill (OCP) consumption, and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients was significantly different among these three groups. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, the prevalence rate of stroke probably varies for male and female (gender) in the studied groups, which is significantly correlated with age. Among the adjustable risk factors for stroke, HTN, diabetes, AF, OCP consumption, and CAD are significantly correlated with the age
A four-year assessment of demographic information, clinical presentations, risk factors and outcomes in lacunar stroke patients
No full textAbstract Background Stroke, the second leading cause of global death, includes ischemic strokes, which account for 71% of cases. Lacunar infarcts, small ischemic lesions due to small vessel occlusion, represent about 25% of ischemic strokes. This study investigates the demographic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of lacunar stroke patients in Tabriz, Iran, where such data are limited. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized data from 251 patients with acute lacunar stroke, collected from the Neuroscience Research Center (NSRC) registry at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, covering January 2019 to January 2023. Diagnosis was confirmed using FLAIR and DW-MRI, with lacunar infarcts defined per STRIVE criteria. Functional outcomes were measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at admission, discharge, and 90 days post-stroke. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results The cohort had a median age of 60 years, with 159 males and 92 females. Hypertension (70.1%) and diabetes mellitus (37.1%) were the most common risk factors. Dysarthria (53.8%) and motor deficits (right upper limb 43.8%, lower limb 41.8%) were prevalent. Pre-stroke mRS scores showed no disability in 80.88% of patients. By discharge, most had mRS scores of 1 or 2. At 90 days, 27.49% had fully recovered. The 90-day case fatality rate was 3.19%, with 3.2% experiencing complications. Conclusions Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are critical risk factors for lacunar stroke. The study indicates generally favorable outcomes with appropriate management. Findings highlight the need for ongoing risk factor control and suggest further multicenter studies to validate results and explore long-term outcomes
