286,639 research outputs found
Seedling salt tolerance in tomato
No full textSoils with higher concentrations of salt are becoming more and more a constraint for many crops to obtain high yields. Wild tomato species, adapted to adverse environments, are a potential reservoir for genes underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to salt tolerance in tomato. In this study two introgression line (IL) libraries derived from two different wild species, Solanum pennellii LA716 and Solanum lycopersicoides LA2951, were used to identify QTLs for salt tolerance in the seedling stage. In the S. pennellii IL library, four major QTLs were identified on chromosomes 6, 7 and 11. In the S. lycopersicoides IL library, six major QTLs were discovered which are located on chromosomes 4, 6, 9 and 12. Co-localization of QTLs on chromosome 6 in the two IL libraries and previously reports hinted that this locus might be conserved in the tomato crop. Three S. pennellii ILs (IL6-2, IL7-1 and IL7-5) harboring QTLs on chromosome 6 and 7 were crossed. Semi-dominance and dominance were shown for these three QTLs, and non-additive and epistatic interactions between them were observe
Controlling crystallization damage by the use of salt inhibitors on Malta's limestone
No full textParallel text in Spanish and EnglishThe main building stone in the Maltese Islands is the Globigerina Limestone, of which the Lower member is commonly used. This occurs in two types, the durable franka and the more easily weathered soll. Two types of fresh franka (bajda (white) and safra (yellow)), as well as fresh soll stone blocks, were obtained, based on the identification by quarry owners. Their designation was confirmed by geochemistry. Physical and mechanical properties of the three were investigated, including uniaxial compressive strength, water absorption by capillarity, permeability and porosimetry. Porosimetry results confirmed outcomes of previous research work. Soll was found to have a lower overall porosity, but a high percentage of small pores with practically no large pores. Some of the tested stones were then treated with a non-toxic phospho- organic compound containing carboxylic moieties as a salt inhibitor and the corresponding non-phosphorylated compound.peer-reviewe
The use of salt in restaurants
No full textA high intake of salt is detrimental to health as it causes high blood pressure thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal disease. Such conditions, mostly hypertension, are common in Malta. A framework for a National Salt Initiative was proposed by the European Union (EU) to establish a common vision for a general European approach towards salt reduction. Since the initiative partly targets reformulation actions with industry and catering, a study done in collaboration with the World Action on Salt and Health (WASH) exploring the use and perceptions of salt amongst chefs and caterers was carried out. A validated questionnaire developed by WASH was sent via email to 66 restaurants together with a covering letter. These included first, second and third class restaurants registered with the Malta Hotels and Restaurants Association (MHRA). 31 restaurants responded to the questionnaire to give a response rate of 47%. The main outcome of the study showed that 90% of the participants added salt to dishes to enhance flavour and improve taste. Although 99% of the respondents were aware which foods are low or high in salt, salt in dishes was replaced by soy sauce and stock cubes. 58% of the respondents were ready to consider reducing salt in their dishes as long as taste was not compromised. Due to the poor response rate, the study cannot be generalised to the Maltese population thus repeating the study with the aim of increasing the response rate so that further recommendations for salt reduction can be made within the population as well as for the catering industry.peer-reviewe
Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad ; Record Chart ; Strong to Salt Lake City ; M. P. 650 to 781.81
No full textLos Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad ; Record Chart ; Strong to Salt Lake City ; M. P. 650 to 781.8
Salt Lake Area in Color photo contest entry: Salt Lake trail (verso)
No full textVerso of a photograph showing a trail in the hills on the north side of Salt Lake City, submitted by Susan M. Wood of Salt Lake City for a "Salt Lake Area In Color" photo contest sponsored by the Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce and the Deseret News
Dietary Salt Levels Affect Salt Preference and Learning in Larval Drosophila
No full textDrosophila larvae change from exhibiting attraction to aversion as the concentration of salt in a substrate is increased. However, some aversive concentrations appear to act as positive reinforcers, increasing attraction to an odour with which they have been paired. We test whether this surprising dissociation between the unconditioned and conditioned response depends on the larvae's experience of salt concentration in their food. We find that although the point at which a NaCl concentration becomes aversive shifts with different rearing experience, the dissociation remains evident. Testing larvae using a substrate 0.025M above the NaCl concentration on which the larvae were reared consistently results in aversive choice behaviour but appetitive reinforcement effects.</p
Salt intake and iodine status around the world
No full textBackground: Salt reduction and universal salt iodisation programmes are
implemented worldwide to prevent cardiovascular disease and iodine deficiency
disorders, respectively. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential policy
conflicts, and a programme coalition is proposed by the World Health Organization
to optimise salt and iodine intakes at population level. This study aimed 1) to
estimate population salt intake and iodine status in index countries; 2) to investigate
the association between salt and iodine intakes; 3) to assess the impact of salt intake
modification on iodine status; 4) to estimate the determinants of and potential
geographical variation in salt and iodine intakes where data are available; and 5) to
provide suggestions to policy makers.
Data and Methods: In the ecological analysis, national estimations of salt and
iodine intakes were extracted from international organisation databases and
published papers. Three case studies used population level data obtained from the
Kumasi Salt Reduction Study in Ghana, the Third United States National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and the 2000-01 UK National Diet and
Nutrition Survey 19-64 years (NDNS). Linear regression was used in the Kumasi
analysis, and Bayesian geo-additive models were used in the other two analyses by
accounting for the spatial effect and important linear and nonlinear risk factors.
Results: Salt intake varied between countries, with Kumasi lower than the western
countries. Iodine status also varied by country, but with no consistent association
with salt intake. A moderate salt reduction programme is unlikely to have a major impact on iodine status in countries committed to universal salt iodisation, provided
that iodine concentration is titrated to actual salt intake, maximum coverage is
achieved as in China and iodised salt becomes part of food processing. At least in
Britain, high salt intake is associated with low socioeconomic status, irrespective of
geographic location.
Conclusions: Policy-makers may therefore need to adjust iodine content in salt in
accordance with each country’s context. The Bayesian geo-additive models are
useful for monitoring and evaluating salt reduction and iodine supplementation
Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad ; Record Chart ; Provo District ; M. P. 665.67 to 786.35
No full textLos Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad ; Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad Company ; Record Chart ; Provo District ; M. P. 665.67 to 786.3
Effects of evaporative salt water cooling towers on salt spray and salt deposition on surrounding soils
No full textVita.Five salt water cooling towers recently constructed near Galveston Bay, Texas have been shown to contribute to salt deposition in the surrounding area. Levels as high as 1200 kg salt/ha/yr were encountered within 100 m of the towers. Deposition rates decreased in a logarithmic fashion with distance to less than 300 kg salt/ha/yr at 434 m with only 16% attributable to the cooling towers. The remaining deposition was caused by natural sea spray which varys widely but averages about 250 kg salt/ha/yr in the study area. Changes in composition of air-borne salts with distance were noted, primarily as a narrowing of the Na:Ca ratio. The soils in the area adjacent to the salt water cooling towers had safe exchangeable Na and total salt levels. Changes in soil salinity due to the cooling towers after their first two years of operation were found only in the closest study plot at 104 m from the towers. A leaching study indicated that the various ions removed from the soil profile were in the same relative proportions as in the soil solution. Continued operation of the salt water cooling towers will eventually lead to relative cation concentrations in the soil solution equal to those in salts deposited from the cooling towers. Therefore, predictions based on cation-exchange equilibria indicate that exchangeable Na levels greater than 15% will be encountered as far away as 200 m from the cooling towers. This could lead to deterioration of soil physical structure, causing further reduction of the already slow internal drainage, thus enhancing salt accumulation problems. Because of the decrease in the Na:Ca ratio and the total amount of salt deposited with distance from the cooling towers, problems at greater distances will be lower and will require longer to develop
Studies related to genetic salt tolerance in the cucumber, Cucumis sativus L
No full textTypescript (photocopy).A yield trial performed on 6 diverse populations of cucumbers was correlated to a previously developed seedling screening technique. Moderate salinity levels (EC = 4.0 dS/m) reduced fruit yields and shoot dry weight as compared to the control treatment (EC = 1.6 dS/m) but did not affect fruit quality. This screening technique was modified slightly and used to screen populations of cucumbers from the world collection of plant introductions of an EC of 9.5 dS/m. P.I. 177361 was selected as a salt tolerant parent, and P.I. 19240 was selected as a salt susceptible parent from the screenings. The results of a genetic study of the family derived from these two parents indicate that salt tolerance in cucumbers at an EC of 9.5 dS/m is controlled by a single major genetic locus with many minor loci contributing to overall phenotypic response. Leaf necrosis occurs in salt-stressed individuals that are homozygous for the recessive allele (sa sa) at the major locus. Narrow sense heritabilities of salt tolerance were estimated for several parameters and found to range from 40.9% to 85.8%. Components of variance and heritabilities indicate that salt tolerance can be improved through selection and recombination within this family. Values for leaf area, stem length, and shoot fresh and dry weights of the F(,1) population were greater than those of the salt tolerant parent
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