20 research outputs found
Questionnaire d'enquête sur l'utilisation des pesticides et biopesticides en zone rurale
No full textLe projet Santés-Territoires, mis en oeuvre dans 4 pays (i.e. Sénégal, Bénin, Laos, Cambodge), vise à mettre en place des Livings Labs pour accompagner la transition agroécologique. Dans le cadre de la phase de pré-diagnostic, nécessaire à la détermination des localisations des Living Labs, des enquêtes auprès des communautés rurales doivent être conduites pour disposer d'un état des lieux de la santé. Dans l'objectif de caractériser l'utilisation des pesticides, des antibiotiques, des extraits de plante pour les santés animale/végétale et du téléphone portable par les personnes vivant dans des communautés rurales aux abords du Lac de Guiers (Sénégal), un questionnaire semi- structuré a été élaboré en Juillet 2022 par les auteurs de ce document. Les sections ci-après présentent le modèle de la feuille d'émargement et le questionnaire
Parasitoid control of the tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa armigera, in smallholder farmer fields in Senegal
No full textIn Africa, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) is a key pest of cotton and vegetable crops, particularly tomato. Alternatives to insecticides to control this pest are needed such as conservation biological control. However, knowledge on the diversity and ecology of naturally occurring enemies of H. armigera is limited. A two-year field survey was conducted in a set of tomato farmer fields in the main vegetable-growing area in Senegal (Niayes) to assess the spatial and seasonal occurrence of indigenous parasitoids of H. armigera, and to evaluate the effect of insecticide use on biological control efficiency. No parasitoid emerged from H. armigera eggs. Incidence of larval parasitoids was generally moderate (20%) but highly variable (0%–100%) among fields, independently of host abundance, and negatively affected by the number of insecticide applications. Larval parasitism was largely dominated by the larval parasitoid Meteorus laphygmarum Brues (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), but a positive correlation was found between specific richness or Shannon diversity index of the parasitoid community and parasitism rate. This study is a first step toward development of research and extension programs for conservation of natural enemies in the framework of integrated management of the tomato fruitworm in Senegal
The long and challenging road to capitalize on plant-based extracts use against agricultural crop pests in Senegal
No full textReducing pesticide use for plant health has become a goal shared by CILSS and ECOWAS countries and a major issue in public policies due to their negative footprint on the environment, human health, and food security in a context of augmentation of phytosanitary risks linked to climate change. In Senegal, a low-income country, where available chemical pesticides are of uncertain origin and quality, the use of unproven quality homemade plant extracts preparations tends to be normalized. Other Biological Control and Biopesticides 564 Surveys conducted in the regions of Fatick, Tamba, and Thies in 2021 and 2022 have shown that chemical pesticides are considered as effective by 97% of respondents. Less than 10% of them use natural products. Regarding organic horticulture, in the vegetable crops and fruits production area in Thiès, 98% of interviewed people were not convinced of the efficacy of homemade plant extracts preparations to control pests, while country and trans-border expertise have capitalized a set of plant species among which Azadirachta indica, Cassia senegalensis, Eucalyptus sp., Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Capsicum annuum. They invest in the production of biopesticides or source from local input suppliers without enough knowledge on pests, biopesticide preparation techniques and compliance of commercial biopesticide formulations with regulatory requirements. The adoption of the use of plant extracts against crop pest in Senegal where the chemical pesticides use, trade, and availability have reduced traditional local plant protection knowledge transmission in farmers communities, finding alternatives is challenging for producers engaged in organic and those engaged in agroecology
Assessment of a cabbage/pak choï crop association to manage aphid and parasitoid populations on cabbage crops in Senegal
No full textChemical characterization of essential oil from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis (D.R.) and Melaleuca leucadendron (Linn.)
No full textObjective: To isolate and identify the compounds in the essential oils from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis (D.R.) and Melaleuca leucadendron (Linn.) collected in Dakar, Senegal.
Methods: The essential oils from the leaves of these two myrtaceaes were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatograph and gas chromatography–mass spectrometer.
Results: A total of 34 constituents were identified in the oil of Callistemon viminalis and the major compounds were 1.8-cineole (58.12%), limonene (9.72%), α-terpineol (9.56%), geranial (6.02%), δ-elemene (3.53%), myrcene (2.96%) and α-pinene (2.49%). For the essential oil of Melaleuca leucadendron, 43 constituents were identified, and 1.8-cineole (28.87%), epiglobulol (23.06%), α-pinene (12.22%), limonene (11.65%) and α-terpineol (7.06%) were major compounds.
Conclusions: Considering properties of the identified major compounds, essential oils of both studied myrtaceae could be used in the medicine field including the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry
The long and challenging road to capitalize on plant-based extracts use against agricultural crop pests in Senegal
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/606923/)International audienceReducing pesticide use for plant health has become a goal shared by CILSS and ECOWAS countries and a major issue in public policies due to their negative footprint on the environment, human health, and food security in a context of augmentation of phytosanitary risks linked to climate change. In Senegal, a low-income country, where available chemical pesticides are of uncertain origin and quality, the use of unproven quality homemade plant extracts preparations tends to be normalized. Other Biological Control and Biopesticides 564 Surveys conducted in the regions of Fatick, Tamba, and Thies in 2021 and 2022 have shown that chemical pesticides are considered as effective by 97% of respondents. Less than 10% of them use natural products. Regarding organic horticulture, in the vegetable crops and fruits production area in Thiès, 98% of interviewed people were not convinced of the efficacy of homemade plant extracts preparations to control pests, while country and trans-border expertise have capitalized a set of plant species among which Azadirachta indica, Cassia senegalensis, Eucalyptus sp., Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Capsicum annuum. They invest in the production of biopesticides or source from local input suppliers without enough knowledge on pests, biopesticide preparation techniques and compliance of commercial biopesticide formulations with regulatory requirements. The adoption of the use of plant extracts against crop pest in Senegal where the chemical pesticides use, trade, and availability have reduced traditional local plant protection knowledge transmission in farmers communities, finding alternatives is challenging for producers engaged in organic and those engaged in agroecology
Florida Entomologist
No full textThe tomato leafminer, also known as South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a native of South America, where it is a serious pest of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.; Solanales: Solanaceae) but also known to attack cultivated solanaceous plants such as eggplant (Solanum melongena L.; Solanaceae), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; Solanaceae), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.; Solanaceae), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.; Solanaceae), solanaceous weeds and garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Fabales: Fabaceae) (Ferracini et al. 2012). Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) was accidentally introduced to Spain in 2006, from where it spread north to the Netherlands and east to Iran (Desneux et al. 2010, 2011; Baniameri & Cheraghian 2012). In northern Africa, it was reported in Tunisia in 2008 (Abbes et al. 2012), Morroco in 2008 (Ouardi et al. 2012), north of the Sahel in 2008 (Desneux et al. 2010), Western Africa in 2010 (USDA APHIS 2011), Sudan and Ethiopia in 2011 (Anon. 2012).We acknowledge the support of IPM CRSP (Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program), funded by USAID (United States Agency for International Development) by USAID Cooperatiave Agreement No: EPP-A-00-0400016-00.Published versio
Bioinsecticide effect of Metarhizium anisopliae on termite pests Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma in the laboratory
No full textIn Senegal, several studies have shown the economic importance of termite damage to crops. Farmers use chemical methods that are dangerous for humans, animals, crops, soil, and environmental health. Thus, the use of entomopathogenic fungi would be an effective and environmentally eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticide use. The objectives of this study are to i) carry out infestations in the laboratory, ii) determine the lethal time (TL50) and iii) observe the germination of spores on the corpses of these species. The methodology is based on i) the infestation of 10 workers of Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma with Metarhizium solutions, ii) the monitoring of mortalities, iii) the determination of the lethal time 50 (LT50) and iv) germination of spores on corpses.
For the determination of LT50, the concentrations of 1 g/L and 1.5 g/L gave an LT50 of less than one day in workers of Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma. For the concentration of 0.5 g/l, the LT50 is 2.5 days for workers of Psammotermes hybostoma and less than one day for those of Microtermes lepidus. Incubation revealed the appearance of spores on the cadavers, which were given a concentration of 0.5 g/l. This study shows that mortality is related to the concentration of the solution. The higher the concentration, the shorter the LT50 time. The bioinsecticidal effect of Metarhizium anisopliae is not immediate, resulting in an LT50 of 1 to 2 days depending on the species
Bioinsecticide effect of Metarhizium anisopliae on termite pests Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma in the laboratory
No full textIn Senegal, several studies have shown the economic importance of termite damage to crops. Farmers use chemical methods that are dangerous for humans, animals, crops, soil, and environmental health. Thus, the use of entomopathogenic fungi would be an effective and environmentally eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticide use. The objectives of this study are to i) carry out infestations in the laboratory, ii) determine the lethal time (TL50) and iii) observe the germination of spores on the corpses of these species. The methodology is based on i) the infestation of 10 workers of Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma with Metarhizium solutions, ii) the monitoring of mortalities, iii) the determination of the lethal time 50 (LT50) and iv) germination of spores on corpses.
For the determination of LT50, the concentrations of 1 g/L and 1.5 g/L gave an LT50 of less than one day in workers of Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma. For the concentration of 0.5 g/l, the LT50 is 2.5 days for workers of Psammotermes hybostoma and less than one day for those of Microtermes lepidus. Incubation revealed the appearance of spores on the cadavers, which were given a concentration of 0.5 g/l. This study shows that mortality is related to the concentration of the solution. The higher the concentration, the shorter the LT50 time. The bioinsecticidal effect of Metarhizium anisopliae is not immediate, resulting in an LT50 of 1 to 2 days depending on the species
Arthropod pest complex and associated damage in field-grown tomato in Senegal
No full textBiotic factors (including insect pests) constrain field-grown tomato production in Senegal. However, little information is available on the identity and life system of key pests. The objectives of this study were to: (i) update key pest records of field-grown tomato in the central vegetable-producing area along the northern coast of Senegal, known as the Niayes area; (ii) map their spatial and temporal incidence and (iii) understand insecticide use by growers to control the pests. A total of 98 tomato fields distributed in three zones along a north–south transect in the Niayes area were monitored over four crop cycles from 2012 to 2014. As expected, the tomato fruitworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was the most destructive pest with an occurrence of 92% in sampled fields (90/98) and up to 38% damaged fruits in one field at the time of sampling. The proportion of damaged fruits did not differ among zones, but was significantly higher in the early dry season compared to the late dry season. The invasive tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was detected in 53% of sampled fields (52/98), mainly in the south of the Niayes area in the late dry season. Because of their ability to adapt to unstable environment and insecticides, this insect pest assemblage is a new challenge that farmers have to deal with while decreasing their use of broad-spectrum insecticides
