10 research outputs found
Comparative study of various grading systems in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their value in predicting lymph node metastasis
No full textBackground: Regional lymph node (LN) metastasis is the single most prognostic factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). An analysis of the prognostic factors is important for predicting prognosis and reducing the mortality in these patients.
Objectives: (1) To compare the value of various grading systems in predicting LN metastasis. (2) To evaluate histopathological parameters, which could help in predicting LN metastasis.
Materials and Methods: A total of 20 excisional biopsies of OSCCs, were graded according to the four grading systems that is, Broder′s, Jakobsson′s, Anneroth and Hansen′s, and Brynes. We also evaluated various histopathological parameters, which could help in predicting LN metastasis.
Results: Grading at the invasive front was most prognostic of LN metastasis. Tumors with total malignancy score ≥8 showed higher incidence of metastases.
Conclusion: The histopathological parameters that could help in predicting lymph node metastases (LNM) are keratinization, nuclear pleomorphism (NP), and the pattern of invasion (POI) when assessed at the invasive front. When the whole tumor was considered, histopathological parameters like NP and POI were significant in predicting LNM
Exploring Consensus to Develop Global Standards in Response to Sea Level Rise (SLR): Evaluating the Standardisation Scope of SLR Adaptation Using the Delphi Technique
No full textAnthropogenic climate change has led to irreversible Sea level rise (SLR), underscoring the urgency to implement adaptation measures. With there being a series of challenges to implement SLR adaptation, international standardisation emerges out to be a solution to address these challenges. In this research, an attempt is made to identify SLR adaptation measures that could be globally standardised using a consensus-based approach. The methodology for the research is a combination of desk-research and the Delphi method – involving rounds of surveys with an expert panel to reach consensus – that run a sequential manner. The research also aims at demonstrating the Delphi method as a cost-effective and time-saving method to develop adaptation standards. The research is able to develop a synthesis of a comprehensive list of adaptation measures that are in turn posed as the candidates to be standardised. A total of six adaptation measures attain consensus that include: (1) early warning systems, (2) seawalls, (3) levees, (4) sandbags, (5) dikes and (6) breakwaters. These adaptation options are chosen based on the identified meta-criteria developed as part of the results of the Delphi study. The meta-criteria is based on the reasons to develop an adaptation measure into standard and assesses three key themes that checks if an adaptation measure: (1) is a technical measure, (2) has a pre-existing methodology or standard that could be revised or newly drafted for SLR adaptation and (3) has a global data stream that could facilitate SLR based data sharing, collection and interoperability. These identified measures help in prioritising the adaptation measures that could be globally standardised. A key theme for the opposition of standardisation found in the literature and substantiated by the expert inputs is found to be of location-specific considerations for SLR adaptation implementation. Thus, to address such an apprehension of the panellists, the study makes crucial theoretical contribution to include an explanation to the relevance of standardisation to the challenges with SLR adaptation implementation. Furthermore, to propose and demonstrate the adoption of the Delphi method as a starting point to identify suitable options that could be standardised, the research develops an understanding of consensus in standardisation vis-‘a-vis the Delphi method. The study’s main limitations arise out of the limited numbers of rounds conducted that leave room for increasing the consensus levels for adaptation options as well as the missing interactions between the panellists that could have further added to the findings. Based on the findings the study provides three actionable policy recommendations to support the process of SLR international standardisation – (1) develop a consistent global language for SLR adaptation strategies and measures, including a classification of these measures, (2) raise awareness about the significance of standardisation in SLR adaptation among the world-wide community of stakeholders in this field, (3) establish a global platform for sharing appropriate SLR information usable across various adaptation measures. The study concludes with acknowledging that SLR adaptation global standards so developed need to be flexible and adaptive in order to incorporate location-specific considerations for each of the adaptation measures.Engineering and Policy Analysi
On right -inverse ordered semigroups
No full textHere we introduce the notion of (left, right) --simple, right -inverse ordered semigroups and discuss characterizations and relationships concerning them. Semilattice decomposition of left --simple ordered semigroups has been given here. Furthermore, we study an interrelation between the generalized Green\u27s relations and the class of semigroups which are semilattices of right --simple ordered semigroups.arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1701.07185, arXiv:1701.07189 by other author
Nil-extensions of simple and right -inverse ordered semigroups
No full textAn ordered semigroup is right -inverse if it is -inverse but not conversely. So the question arises under what condition the converse holds. In this paper we study nil-extensions of simple and right -inverse ordered semigroups and prove that is right -inverse if and only if is -inverse in a -Archimedean ordered semigroup. Moreover, we characterize complete semilattice of nil-extensions of simple and right -inverse ordered semigroups.arXiv admin note: text overlap with 2407.14569; text overlap with arXiv:1701.07189, arXiv:1701.07185 by other author
Model Development for Investigation of Localized Defects in Taper Roller Bearings Using Matrix Method of Dimensional Analysis
No full textAbstractCatastrophic failures of the rotating machineries can be avoided by tracing the faults generated in the rolling contact bearings used for supporting these machines and are important sources of noise, vibration as well as sudden stoppage of the entire production or interruption of processes. A generalized model is developed using Matrix Method of Dimensional Analysis (MMDA) to establish dimensionless correlation between the response and consequence parameters for the assessment of localized surface defects in the different components of taper roller bearings tested on a developed test rig. Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed for the experimentation and to explore the dependence of various factors on the vibrations of these bearings. A numerical analysis performed in the study showed the effectiveness of MMDA model along with frequency domain scrutiny of the vibration data for detection of localized bearing defects
Ki-67 and p53 expression in solitary sporadic, syndrome associated and recurrent keratocystic odontogenic tumor
No full textAn Interesting Pathological Diagnosis – Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in an Adolescent Girl
No full textABSTR ACT: Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) constitute 0.1–1 % of all malignant breast tumors. They have better prognosis than other breast malig-nancies. To date, there have been about 933 cases reported as per English literature. To the best of our knowledge, this case may be the second well-docu-mented case of ACC of breast at younger age
