59 research outputs found
Cognitive and Interpersonal Factors Affecting Social Adjustment of University Students in Pakistan
No full textCognitive and interpersonal factors play an important role in the social adjustment of students. Factors affecting the social adjustment of university students have been verified in different cultures. However, no study has tested a concurrent model with the study variables in the Pakistani context. This study aimed to investigate the effect of personal and interpersonal factors on the social adjustment of university students in Pakistan. Three hundred participants from the Azad Jammu and Kashmir regions of Pakistan responded on a questionnaire package containing self-reported measures on social self-efficacy, social anxiety, teachers’ social support, and peers’ social support. The results indicate that self-efficacy, teachers’ support, and peer support have a significant positive effect on the social adjustment of university students, suggesting that an enhanced self-efficacy, and increased teachers’ and peers’ support would increase social adjustment. However, academic anxiety is inversely associated with social adjustment, suggesting that a higher anxiety level would result in a reduction in social adjustment. Students should be given more opportunities to enhance self-efficacy, obtain social support, and reduce social anxiety
Individual, Interpersonal, and Organizational Factors Affecting Physical Activity of School Adolescents in Pakistan
No full textThe purpose of this study was to explore individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors that may influence the physical activity of adolescents (ages 10-14) in Pakistani schools. A set of questionnaires that included individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors and PA behavior was completed by the 618 students selected from Pakistani schools. Stepwise forward regression model was applied to check the possible effects of multilevel variables on physical activity and to extract the stronger predictors. The results showed that physical activity was significantly predicted by individual level factors such as self-efficacy, motivation, and attitude. Among the demographic correlates, gender, age, and BMI did not affect physical activity, while socioeconomic status and geographic characteristics had a meaningful association with PA. At the interpersonal level, adolescents' perception of family support had a potential influence on physical activity, while there was no impact of friends/peers and teachers support on adolescents' PA. A school environmental characteristic, such as PA facility, was positively related to PA; however, the impact of PA equipment, safety, and policy and PA culture were statistically non-significant. The findings suggest that public health intervention strategies aimed at promoting PA in adolescents should recognize multiple levels of influences that may either enhance or impede the likelihood of PA among adolescents
Mechanism Between Physical Activity and Academic Anxiety: Evidence from Pakistan
No full textA plethora of research has explored the benefits of physical activities on several variables such as academic performances, quality of life, fitness, levels of stress, and depression. However, less research considered the impact of physical activity on academic anxiety, self-enhancement, and self-criticism. This study examines the influence of physical activity on academic anxiety with self-enhancement and self-criticism playing a mediating role. Data for this model has been collected by using structured questionnaires administered to 418 Pakistani university students (undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate) aged between 18 and 36 years old. Structural equation modeling through analysis of moment structures (AMOS) was applied to find that physical activity significantly reduces academic anxiety and self-criticism, and it develops self-enhancement. Further, self-enhancement was negatively associated with academic anxiety while self-criticism is directly related to academic anxiety. More importantly, self-enhancement and self-criticism partially mediated between physical activity and academic anxiety of university students in Pakistan. This research recommends governments to support physical activity programs for university students
Physical Activity and Anxiety of Chinese University Students: Mediation of Self-System
No full textThe present study examined the role of self-enhancement and self-criticism in the relationship between physical activity and anxiety. A total of 305 students from Chinese universities, ranging in age from 18 to 36, completed a questionnaire package comprising a physical activity questionnaire, a self-enhancement strategies scale, a level of self-criticism scale, and a short form of state and trait anxiety scale. Findings highlighted that physical activity had a significant negative correlation with anxiety (r = −0.31, p < 0.01), a significant positive association with self-enhancement (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), and a significant negative relationship with self-criticism (r = −0.14, p < 0.05). It was also found that anxiety was significantly predicted by self-enhancement (−0.21, p < 0.01) and self-criticism (0.44, p < 0.01). Moreover, the mediation model supports the mediation of self-enhancement and self-criticism between physical activity and anxiety in university students. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at promoting physical activity and enhancing the self-system should be worthy strategies for reducing students’ anxiety
EMPLOYING NATION BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY: STRATEGIES FOR PAKISTAN
No full textIn the 21st century, states use nation-branding techniques to safeguard their national interests. They employ public diplomacy strategies to maintain their international image. Through branding techniques and public diplomacy strategies, nations can build a positive image among the committee of nations. It is argued in this paper that the international image of Pakistan is required to be improved, and there is a need to shun the notion of negative characteristics associated with terrorism, religious extremism, Talibanization, and allegedly branding as a failed state. There is also a need to study the mindset for conducting various surveys about Pakistan’s image and its sponsors. The main argument of this research work is that Pakistan has all the variables required for nation branding and building positive public perception. To improve its international image, Pakistan has to adopt innovative nation-branding techniques and public diplomacy strategies.
Bibliography Entry
Kayani, Saima Ashraf, and Muhammad Saif ur Rehman. 2022. "Employing Nation Branding and Public Diplomacy: Strategies for Pakistan." Margalla Papers 26 (1): 34-46
The Safety and Tolerability of Newer Antiepileptic Drugs in Children and Adolescents
No full textChildhood epilepsy continues to be intractable in more than 25% of patients diagnosed with epilepsy. The introduction of new anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) provides more options for treatment of children with epilepsy. We review the safety and tolerability of seven new AEDs (levetiracetam, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, rufinamide, topiramate, vigabatrin and zonisamide) focusing on their side effect profiles and safety in children and adolescents. Many considerations that are specific for children such as the impact of AEDs on the developing brain are not addressed during the development of new AEDs. They are usually approved as adjunctive therapies based upon clinical trials involving adult patients with partial epilepsy. However, 2 of the AEDs reviewed here (rufinamide and vigabatrin) have FDA approval in the U.S. for specific Pediatric epilepsy syndromes, which are discussed below. The Pediatrician or Neurologists decision on the use of a new AED is an evolutionary process largely dependent on the patient characteristics, personal/peer experiences and literature about efficacy and safety profiles of these medications. Evidence based guidelines are limited due to a lack of randomized controlled trials involving pediatric patients for many of these new AEDs
Human Security and Central Asian States
No full textSince independence, Central Asian states are facing problems of security in one form or another including civil wars, ethnic and interstate conflicts, border issues as well as terrorism and extremism. Having a look at the 21st century security threats to the region, human security challenges become prominent. There are growing activities of drug and human traffickers, child labor, corruption, growing poverty, ecological issues and climatic changes along with growing radicals and extremist elements in the states of Central Asia. Security of Central Asian states depends significantly on the human security. Lasting security and development cannot be obtained unless and until various dimensions of human security become priority of the governments in the region. The improvement in this arena requires three level strategies: national, regional and international.</jats:p
Role of Discussion Method in Developing Logical Reasoning in Students at University Level
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<p><span>This study was conducted to find out the role of discussion method in developing logical reasoning in students at university level. The current study was quantitative and descriptive in nature and survey method was conducted for the data collection. Simple random sampling technique was used for the selection of sample. A questionnaire based on five-point Likert scale was used as a research tool in this study. The researcher personally visited all the department of faculty of social sciences in university of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir and collected the data. Statistical package for Social Science software (SPSS) was used for the analysis of data. The researcher applied frequency, percentage and mean for the analysis of data. It was found that students find it easy to draw conclusions from patterns and trends that they observe and students faced new information that they often make educated guesses about what might happen next. It is recommended that teachers may involve students in different activities according to the patterns and trends, and teacher encourage them.<span> </span></span></p>
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Human Security and Central Asian States
No full textSince independence, Central Asian states are facing problems of security in one form or another including civil wars, ethnic and interstate conflicts, border issues as well as terrorism and extremism. Having a look at the 21 st century security threats to the region, human security challenges become prominent. There are growing activities of drug and human traffickers, child labor, corruption, growing poverty, ecological issues and climatic changes along with growing radicals and extremist elements in the states of Central Asia. Security of Central Asian states depends significantly on the human security. Lasting security and development cannot be obtained unless and until various dimensions of human security become priority of the governments in the region. The improvement in this arena requires three level strategies: national, regional and international
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