12 research outputs found
Modeling, simulation and implementation of rectangular commutation for starting of free-piston linear generator / by Saiful Azrin Bin Mohd Zulkifli, TK 145 .S132 2007
Get PDFSYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND CONTROL STRATEGY FOR A SPLIT-PARALLEL THROUGH-THE-ROAD HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH IN-WHEEL MOTORS
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Aspects of artificial intelligence in future electric vehicle technology for sustainable environmental impact
No full textGlobal energy trends are experiencing a profound transformation, and the future of transportation will boost sustainable development by controlling energy production and consumption while limiting vehicle emissions. Hence, Electric Vehicles (EVs) can substantially influence energy consumption trends by addressing potential environmental hazards. In the coming decades, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based systems will play a crucial role in future EVs' overall energy management systems. Advanced electric vehicle technology and intelligent modules will lead the automotive powertrain architecture. Numerous barriers, such as government support in certain regions, user compatibility, vehicle limitation, battery technology, and charging infrastructure, limit electric vehicle expansion. Therefore, the current state and emerging trends in this area are a matter of concern for increasing the expansion of electric vehicles. This study presents the existing charging technologies and compatible standards that may assist in its adaptability. It also examines the applications of artificial intelligence in electric vehicle development to render a collectively smarter package for EVs. The current level of development, in accordance with the paper's purpose, is to deduce the adaptability of EVs to certain obstacles. Hence, the categorization of methodologies and standards may be investigated and improved by scholars at a later time
Modeling and Simulation of Moving Iron Linear Generator (MILG)
No full textMoving permanent magnet linear generator has some limitations such as thermal and impact force demagnetization, and complex control strategies. To overcome these limitations one of the solution is moving iron linear generators. This paper presents the analysis of flux using FEM for moving iron linear generator. The flux density varies with peak value of 0.85 for 6/1, 0.98 for 6/2 and 1.27 for 6/4 MILGs with the movement of translator. The effect of air gap on different MILGs is studied. The FEM analysis indicates that air gap have direct impact on output of the generator. The analysis is performed to replace the moving permanent magnet by moving iron in a different applications.</jats:p
Review of Hybrid Control Designs for Underactuated Quadrotor with Unmodelled Dynamic Factors
No full textModel-Free-Based Single-Dimension Fuzzy SMC Design for Underactuated Quadrotor UAV
No full textThe underactuated quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is one of the nonlinear systems that have few actuators as compared to the degree of freedom (DOF); thus, it is a strenuous task to stabilize its attitude and positions. Moreover, an induction of unmodelled dynamic factors and uncertainties make it more difficult to control its maneuverability. In this paper, a model-free based single-dimension fuzzy sliding mode control (MFSDF-SMC) is proposed to control the attitude and positions of underactuated quadrotor UAV. The paper discusses the kinematic and dynamic models with unmodelled dynamic factors and unknown external disturbances. These unmodelled factors and disturbances may lead the quadrotor towards failure in tracking specific trajectory and may also generate some serious transient and steady-state issues. Furthermore, to avoid the problem of gimbal lock, the model is amalgamated with hyperbolic function to resolve the singularity issues dully developed due to Newton Euler’s dynamic modeling. The simulation results performed for MFSDF-SMC using MATLAB software R2020a are compared with conventional sliding mode control, fuzzy-based sliding control and single-dimension fuzzy-based sliding mode control without a model-free approach. The design and implementation of the model-free single dimension-based fuzzy sliding mode control (MFSDF-SMC) with an updated Lyapunov stability theorem is presented in this work. It is observed that MFSDF-SMC produces robust trajectory performance therefore, and the manuscript suggests the experimental setup to test the proposed algorithm in a noisy environment keeping the same conditions. The verification of the equipment used and its effective demonstration is also available for the reader within the manuscript
Fuzzy Based Backstepping Control Design for Stabilizing an Underactuated Quadrotor Craft under Unmodelled Dynamic Factors
No full textSince the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is one of the systems that has four (4) control inputs and six (6) degree of freedom (DOF) which makes it as an underactuated system. Such underactuated mechatronic systems are very difficult to stabilize but at the same time these systems are power efficient and cost-effective because of a lower number of actuators. Later, if someone tries to stabilize this underactuated quadrotor UAV under the impact of unmodelled dynamic factors, it will lead to huge instability, low convergence rate, chattering effect, trajectory deviation and may also encounter some of the serious transient and steady state issues as well. This paper presents one of the adaptive-robust control algorithms, called the fuzzy based backstepping control (FBSC) design, to address the quadrotor’s helical trajectory tracking issue under an influence of unmodelled dynamic factors and external disturbances. This manuscript proposes the synthesis of the proposed FBSC design using MATLAB and Simulink software whereas these results are correlated with the conventional backstepping control (BSC) algorithm to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by computing the integral absolute error values with and without disturbances
Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements in Battery Technology, Propulsion, Power Interfaces, and Vehicle Network Systems for Intelligent Autonomous and Connected Electric Vehicles
No full textNumerous recent innovations have been achieved with the goal of enhancing electric vehicles and the parts that go into them, particularly in the areas of managing energy, battery design and optimization, and autonomous driving. This promotes a more effective and sustainable eco-system and helps to build the next generation of electric car technology. This study offers insights into the most recent research and advancements in electric vehicles (EVs), as well as new, innovative, and promising technologies based on scientific data and facts associated with e-mobility from a technological standpoint, which may be achievable by 2030. Appropriate modeling and design strategies, including digital twins with connected Internet of Things (IoT), are discussed in this study. Vehicles with autonomous features have the potential to increase safety on roads, increase driving economy, and provide drivers more time to focus on other duties thanks to the Internet of Things idea. The enabling technology that entails a car moving out of a parking spot, traveling along a long highway, and then parking at the destination is also covered in this article. The development of autonomous vehicles depends on the data obtained for deployment in actual road conditions. There are also research gaps and proposals for autonomous, intelligent vehicles. One of the many social concerns that are described is the cause of an accident with an autonomous car. A smart device that can spot strange driving behavior and prevent accidents is briefly discussed. In addition, all EV-related fields are covered, including the likely technical challenges and knowledge gaps in each one, from in-depth battery material sciences through power electronics and powertrain engineering to market assessments and environmental assessments
Target Localization for Autonomous Landing Site Detection: A Review and Preliminary Result with Static Image Photogrammetry
No full textThe advancement of autonomous technology in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has piloted a new era in aviation. While UAVs were initially utilized only for the military, rescue, and disaster response, they are now being utilized for domestic and civilian purposes as well. In order to deal with its expanded applications and to increase autonomy, the ability for UAVs to perform autonomous landing will be a crucial component. Autonomous landing capability is greatly dependent on computer vision, which offers several advantages such as low cost, self-sufficiency, strong anti-interference capability, and accurate localization when combined with an Inertial Navigation System (INS). Another significant benefit of this technology is its compatibility with LiDAR technology, Digital Elevation Models (DEM), and the ability to seamlessly integrate these components. The landing area for UAVs can vary, ranging from static to dynamic or complex, depending on their environment. By comprehending these characteristics and the behavior of UAVs, this paper serves as a valuable reference for autonomous landing guided by computer vision and provides promising preliminary results with static image photogrammetry
