10 research outputs found
الأحكا الفقهية اب٤ستفادة من غزكة خيبر بُ اب٤عاملات )دراسة مقارنة( بٕث مقد لنيل د رجة اب٤اجستبّ بُ الشريعة الإسلامية ب رنامج اب٤اجستبّ بُ الشريعة الإسلامية جامعة سوراكرتا ا﵀مدية Al ahkam Al fiqqiyah Al mustafaadah Min Gozwati Khaibar Fil Muamalh
No full textKhaibar is a battle whom Prophet Sallallaahu Alaihi Wasallam is involved to fight against the accursed Jews. This war has a great position in Islamic history whereas Allah azza wa jalla distinguishes between the truth and the falsehood. Beside Allah cuts the roots of Kufur, Khaibar battle has also taught Moslem about some Fiqh laws related with multiple discourses in Islam. They are associated with the cleansing from impurities, worship, human relationship, eating and drinking manner. This thesis discussed about Fiqh law which is related Muamalah/Human relationship as the main subject discussion, citing the opinions from some scholars about the subject, and concludes by mentioning the most preferable opinion according to the author.
In writing this thesis the author applied “Istiqro” and “Istimbathy” method, in which the author explored and used some Fiqh law related with human relationship and then gathers and compared all scholar’ opinions of Fiqh, includes their evidences. The author also applied At-Tahlily method, where the author described and explaind Fiqh problem and its postulate related with human relationship. And then the author also stated some corrections for the postulate if exists. In the conclusion the author will mention the most preferable opinions and their evidences.
Based in the theory that has been written, the author can conclud these following results: “Musaaqoh” and “Muzaaro'ah” are legal or permissible, the illegitimacy of “Riba Fadl” and temporary marriages, the suggestion to conduct wedding party, then the illegitimacy of initiating combat (attacking) against the infidels in particular months (Zulqoidah, Zulhijjah, Muharram, Rojab), the permissible of conducting a truce with the enemy on certain condition which gives benefit for Moslems, the necessity of removing “Ahlul-Zimmah” from Arabian peninsula, and the permissible to fight the infidels without preceded by persuading them to islam if they have got the message of “Da’wah
Structural adjustment in Egypt : the case of agriculture
No full textThis thesis assesses the appropriateness and effectiveness of the economic reform and structural adjustment programme adopted by Egypt in 1991. It also examines the main political and economic constraints of such policies. It argues that it is unlikely to provide sustainable or equitable growth. It also argues that privatisation
programmes in Egypt have a limited effect on improving levels of investment and growth. It stresses the need to encourage new investment to increase the productive
capacity of the Egyptian economy in order to generate sustainable growth. The thesis examines in particular, economic reforms in the agricultural sector. It focuses
on assessing price reforms so as to enquire how evenly distributed the benefits have been among farmers with different sizes of land holding. Those with big farms are
likely to gain more while very small farmers and the landless are likely to lose. Within agriculture the thesis assesses the impact of structural adjustment on Egypt's
agribusiness community. This sector is economically fragmented, has limited effectiveness and is politically weak regarding its participation and its influence on
economic policy. The thesis argues that the success Df this sector is based on the availability of a strong and effective state to provide the legal and regulatory.
infrastructure needed for an effective market economy, to abolish administrative obstacles and to enhance investors' credibility. In short, the thesis maintains that sustaining the economic reform is based on reviving productive investments and enhancing state capacity and democratisation
Neuroprotection of the rat’s retinal ganglion cells against glutamate-induced toxicity
No full textPurpose Glutamate is one of the contributors to retinal ganglion cells degeneration. The potential neuroprotective function of taurine, which is an endogenous amino acid molecule in the retina, was investigated.
Materials and methods A prospective comparative nonrandomized controlled study was conducted from November 2012 to January 2015. A total of 24 adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. Balanced salt solution (BSS) (0.1 ml) was injected intravitreally in the control group, and 0.1 ml of glutamate (40 nmol) was injected once intravitreally in the glutamate group. Taurine of 25 mg/kg was injected once intraperitoneally in the taurine group. In the fourth group, 0.1 ml of glutamate was injected intravitreally, and at the same time, each rat received taurine intraperitoneally. Three days after the injection, animals were killed, and eyes were enucleated and processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein, synaptophysin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and caspase-3.
Results Extensive damage and disruption of the structure of the retina with significant decrease in the mean total, outer, and inner retinal thickness and ganglion cell counts was found following glutamate intravitreal injection, with significant improvement of this picture in the taurine and the combined groups (P<0.001). In addition to preservation of normal architecture of all retinal layers in the taurine group, multiple blood vessels were noticed in some retinal layers. Significant increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein and synaptophysin immunostaining was seen in most retinal layers in the glutamate group compared with no or weak staining in the other groups (P<0.001); however, negative or faint vascular endothelial growth factor and caspase-3 immunostaining was detected in all animal groups.
Conclusion Taurine protects the retina against glutamate excitotoxicity and could have clinical implications in protecting the ganglion cells from several ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy
Adult Sex Identification Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography (3D-CT) of the Pelvis: A Study Among a Sample of the Egyptian Population
No full textTP53 polymorphism as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus-infected Egyptian patients
No full textAbstractBackground and aimsHuman hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Polymorphisms of the TP53 gene are known to play an important role in HCC. It is aimed to investigate the impact of the Arg72Pro polymorphism of TP53 in the development of HCC among chronic hepatitis C patients with different stages of liver disease.Subjects & methodsThis study included 69 HCC patients, 101 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and 46 healthy, unrelated, age-matched volunteers as controls, from the same locality of Egypt. The HCC and LC patients were suffering from HCV infection. The Arg72Pro polymorphism of codon 72 was tested by PCR, followed by restriction enzyme digestion (PCR-RFLP).ResultsThe results showed that the Proline allele significantly increases the risk of HCC development (OR 2.461, 95% CI 1.391–4.3558, P = 0.002, Z* = 3.094), compared with the development of LC. The variant genotypes were also associated with the risk of HCC (Pro/Pro: OR 3.7956, 95% CI 1.9228–7.4923, P = 0.0001; Arg/Pro: OR 2.099, 95% CI 1.0911–4.0383, P = 0.0263; Arg/Arg: OR 1.9594, 95% CI 1.0023–3.8306, P = 0.0492). There was a significant decrease in the plasma TP53 level in the HCC group when compared with the LC group or with the control group (P = 0.000).ConclusionThis case–control analysis confirmed that the Pro/Pro (C/C) genotype and the Pro (C) allele of TP53 codon 72 are associated with increased risk of HCC in HCV-infected patients. Additionally, the data suggest that the plasma TP53 level is downregulated in HCC
Citizenship and political participation in the State of Kuwait : the case of National Assembly (1963-1996)
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
ALTERATIONS IN LIPID METABOLISM INDUCED BY THE BETEL LEAF STALK EXTRACT IN MALE ALBINO RATS
No full textABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the antifertility efficacy of betel leaf stalk extract on lipid metabolites. The betel leaf stalk extract was administered at the dose of 50 mg/Kg/day through oral gavages method for 15 days. The impaired lipid metabolisms were observed in testis. The higher lipids in seminal vesicle and prostate gland indicate the elevation in lipid metabolism and lipogenesis, suggesting some alterations in the chemical composition of the seminal plasma and prostatic fluid. The accumulation of lipids in prostate causes the inhibition in lipase activity. The elevated testicular Phospholipids due to administration of extract results the disruption in integrity of the spermatozoal membrane and its adequate phospholipid composition leads to infertility. Significant reductions in triglycerides represent no risk of cancer. Increased concentration of cholesterol in testes suggests the impairment of spermatogenesis. The decreased cholesterol content of the epididymis and prostate gland indicated impairment in its synthesis and may hinder steroidogenesis, thus suggesting anti-steroidogenic potential of the plant extract.
KEYWORDS: Betel leaf stalk, lipogenesis, Phospho lipids, Infertility, Spermatogenisis, Steroidogenisis.
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The Global Retinoblastoma Outcome Study: a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries
No full textBackground Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. Methods We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1,2017, and Dec 31,2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. Findings The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23.2 months (IQR 11.0-36.5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0.8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5.4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19. 7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42.9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enudeation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98.8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99.5% (95% CI 98.8-100.0) for children from high-income countries, 91.2% (89.5-93.0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80.3% (78.3-82.3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57.3% (524-63-0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16.67; 95% CI 4.76-50.00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8.98; 4.44-18.18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1.38 per year; 1.23-1.56). For children aged 3-7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0.0104 for the change in slope). Interpretation This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Y
Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries
No full textBACKGROUND: The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries. RESULTS: Capture rate was 42.2% of expected patients from Africa and 108.8% from Europe. African patients were older (95% CI -12.4 to -5.4, p<0.001), had fewer cases of familial retinoblastoma (95% CI 2.0 to 5.3, p<0.001) and presented with more advanced disease (95% CI 6.0 to 9.8, p<0.001); 43.4% and 15.4% of Africans had extraocular retinoblastoma and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis, respectively, compared to 2.9% and 1.0% of the Europeans. To reach a retinoblastoma centre, European patients travelled 421.8 km compared to Africans who travelled 185.7 km (p<0.001). On regression analysis, lower-national income level, African residence and older age (p<0.001), but not travel distance (p=0.19), were risk factors for advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS: Fewer than half the expected number of patients with retinoblastoma presented to African referral centres in 2017, suggesting poor awareness or other barriers to access. Despite the relatively shorter distance travelled by African patients, they presented with later-stage disease. Health education about retinoblastoma is needed for carers and health workers in Africa in order to increase capture rate and promote early referral
The global retinoblastoma outcome study : a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries
No full textDATA SHARING : The study data will become available online once all analyses are complete.BACKGROUND : Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. METHODS : We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. FINDINGS : The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0–36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8–100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5–93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3–82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76–50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8·98; 4·44–18·18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1·38 per year; 1·23–1·56). For children aged 3–7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0·0104 for the change in slope). INTERPRETATION : This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes.The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust and the Wellcome Trust.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/homeam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt
