107 research outputs found
Insights from a pseudospectral study of a potentially singular solution of the three-dimensional axisymmetric incompressible Euler equation
No full textWe develop a Fourier-Chebyshev pseudospectral direct numerical simulation
(DNS) to examine a potentially singular solution of the radially bounded,
three-dimensional (3D), axisymmetric Euler equations [G. Luo and T.Y. Hou,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111.36 (2014)]. We demonstrate that: (a) the time
of singularity is preceded, in any spectrally truncated DNS, by the formation
of oscillatory structures called tygers, first investigated in the
one-dimensional (1D) Burgers and two-dimensional (2D) Euler equations; (b) the
analyticity-strip method can be generalized to obtain an estimate for the
(potential) singularity time.Comment: 17 pages. 13 figure
A Study on Swetha Kuttam
No full textAIM AND OBJECTIVES:
AIM :
About 20 to 30% problems in human being pertain to dermatology, lot of interest has been developed in this field. Hence this study was carried out with an intention to study the “Swethakuttam” in various aspects with modern comparison and to formulate an apt treatment that would be given to the patient through Siddha Medicine.
OBJECTIVES:
This Scientific work on Swethakuttam was carried out to assess:
1. The incidence of this disease with age, gender, occupation, social, status diet, seasonal variation.
2. To collect the review of the disease dealing with definition, etiology, classification, signs and symptoms, prognosis, treatment and diet for Swethakuttam.
3. To correlate the signs and symptoms of Swethakuttam with that of modern science.
4. To expose siddha diagnostic principles.
5. To find out the quality safety and efficacy of the trail drug by doing
- Chemical Analysis
- Acute and sub acute toxicity Studies
- Pharmacological Studies
6. To find out the side effect or adverse reactions if any,
7. To Evaluate the Clinical efficacy of trail drugs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The clinical study of Swatha Kuttam was carried out in post graduate department of Maruthuvam, Govt. Siddha Medical College, attached to Arignar Anna Hospital, Arumbakkam, Chennai – 600 106.
Selection of Cases:
The population consists of all patients with Swatha Kuttam (completely depigmented or hypopigmented patches without any structural change in the skin) satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria mentioned below.
Sample Size:
The trial size will be 40 patients. (Both Male and Female).
Data Collections:
Literary evidence collected from various
• Siddha Literature.
• Books on Modern medicines.
• Medical Journals.
• Internet.
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Age between 10 to 55 years,
2. Willing to give specimen of blood for investigation when required,
3. Willing to attend OPD once in 15 days for 3 months,
4. Hypoopigmental patches,
5. Patient having white or pink coloured patches.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Patients of Jaundice,
2. Hypopigmented patches of leprosy and burns,
3. Connective tissue disorders,
4. Heart ailments are not eligible for this trial,
5. Fungal infection,
6. Worm infestation.
SUMMARY:
Swetha kuttam has been chosen for the dissertation work by the author.
Various literatures dealing with swetha kuttam have been collected from siddha
and modern text books.
40 patients of both sexes, various adult age groups satisfying the inclusion and
exclusion criteria were selected. All necessary investigation was done for them and photographs of the lesions were taken.
A day before starting the trial treatment, patients are given for neutralizing the mukkutram by purgation Agasthiyar kuzhambu 100mg early morning with hot water. All the patients were treated with trial medicines which are,
1. Puvarasampattai kudineer choornam,
2. Nuna thylam.
The result obtained from the studies are summarized below Male 26 (65%), were affected more than female 14 (35%). The cases were noted in the age group ranging from 10-55 yrs.
Middle classes 52.5% and lower 37.5% were more affected than upper classes 10%.
High incidence of swetha kuttam are found in neithal thinai 72.5% and muthuvenil kaalam 47.5%.
On examination of uyir thathukkal the following were deranged in more number of cases.
In vatham : Viyanan 25%, and koorman were affected 12.5%.
In pitham : Prasagam 100%, ranjagam 100%, alosagam 12. 5% were affected.
In kapham : Avalambagam 5%, santhigam 37.5% was affected.
In udal kattugal: Saaram 100%, seneer 100%, and enbu 25% were affected.
In envagai thervu: Naa 12.5%, niram 100%, vizhi 12.5%, malam 12.5% were affected.
Among the 40 patients responding to the trial medicines, 33 patients showed improvement which has been noted as appearance of chormous repigmented spots in affected areas. The rest of 7 patients had slight repigmentation.
Among 3 patients 2 of them had improvement in the colour change of the hair from gray or white to normal colour of the hair.
The chemical studies of the trial drugs possess, Iron, Zinc, Sugar Calcium, Potassium, Chloride.
The drug is also subjected to pharmacological and toxicological tests in rats as models. The results revealed that the drug had very effective results. There were no signs of toxicities that could be judged by the absence of undesirable clinical manifestations.
The bio-statistical report of the clinical trial shows significant result.
CONCLUSION:
Swetha kuttam may occur due to various causes and it leads to mental stress and strain.hence,it is one of the cause of psychosomatic disorder. when the trial drug Puvarasampattai kudineer choornam (int), with Nuna thylum (ext) were administered to the swetha kuttam patients, it showed improvement in varying degrees in all the cases.
• In Swetha Kuttam Pitha Kutram is affected. The affected kuttram is neutralized by thuvarppu suvai. Thereby the trial medicine puvarasampattai kudinner choornam having the thuvarppu suvai acts on Ethirurai to cure the discease.
• In Chemical Analysis the trial medicine contain Iron, it is very essential to induce erythropoiesis.
• From the pharmacological study puvarasampattai kudineer choornam increase the haemoglobin level.
• The puvarasampattai kudineer choornam does not produce any toxicity in preclinically. so it is non-toxic and safe drug for swetha kuttam.
• No adverse effects were noticed during treatment period. The ingredient of puvarasampattai kudineer choornam of plant easily available and harmless
to human being.
From this clinical studies, I conclude that the trial medicines which gives a 60% of improvement within minimum of 45 days to maximum of 90 days of treatment. further continuation of this medications for prolonged period of time may give complete cure in swetha kuttam
Automation of Microscopic Tests for Cyto-diagnostics Using Custom-built Slide Scanner
No full textOptical microscopy is the simplest and the gold standard method adopted for the screening and subsequent diagnosis of various hematological and infectious diseases like malaria, sickle cell disease, tuberculosis etc. In addition to infectious disease diagnosis, its applications range from routine blood tests to the more sophisticated cancer biopsy sample analysis. Microscopy Tests (MTs) follow a common procedural workflow: (1) A technician prepares a smear of the given sample on a glass slide in a specific manner depending on the sample and the disease to be diagnosed; (2) The smeared slide is subsequently exposed to fixative agents and different histochemical stains specific to the diagnosis to be performed and (3) the prepared slide is then observed under a high quality bright- field bench-top microscope. An expert pathologist/cytologist is required to manually examine multiple fields-of-views of the prepared slide under appropriate magnification. Multiple re-adjustments in the focus and magnification makes the process of microscopic examination time consuming and tedious. Further, the manual intervention required in all the aforementioned steps involved in a typical MT, makes it inaccessible to rural/resource limited conditions and restricts the diagnostics to be performed by trained personnel in laboratory settings. To overcome these limitations, there has been considerable research interest in developing cost-effective systems that help in automating MTs.
The work done in this thesis addresses these issues and proposes a two-step solution to the problem of affordable automation of MTs for cellular imaging and subsequent diagnostic assessment. The first step deals with the development of a low cost portable system that employs custom-built microscopy setup using o -the-shelf optical components, low cost motorized stage and camera modules to facilitate slide scanning and digital image acquisition. It incorporates a novel computational approach to generate good quality in-focus images, without the need for employing high-end precision translational stages, thereby reducing the overall system cost. The process of slide analysis for result generation is further automated by using image analysis and classification algorithms. The application of the developed platform in automating slide based quantitative detection of malaria is reported in this thesis.
The second aspect of the thesis addresses the automation of slide preparation. A major factor that could influence the analysis results is the quality of the prepared smears. The feasibility of automating and standardizing the process of slide preparation using Microfluidics with appropriate surface fictionalization is explored and is demonstrated in the context of automated semen analysis. As an alternative to the mechanism of fixing the spermatozoa to the glass slide by smearing and chemical treatment with fixative, microfluidic chips pre-coated with adhesive protein are employed to capture and immobilize the cells. The subsequent histochemical staining is achieved by pumping the stains through the microfluidic device. The proof-of-principle experiments performed in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of the developed system to provide an end-to-end cost-effective alternative solution to conventional MTs. This can further serve as an assistive tool for the pathologist or in some cases completely eliminate the manual intervention required in MTs enabling repeatability and reliability in diagnosis for clinical decision makin
Measurement of T1ρ dispersion with compressed sensing and magnetization prepared radial balanced steady-state free precession in spontaneous human osteoarthritis
No full textThis dataset contains key analysis and plotting scripts, data, and sample images. Measurement of T1ρ dispersion with compressed sensing and magnetization prepared radial balanced steady-state free precession in spontaneous human osteoarthritis Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Journal | DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30206 § Swetha Pala(1), § Antti Paajanen(1), Aapo Ristaniemi(1), Ervin Nippolainen(1), Isaac O. Afara(1), Olli Nykänen (1), Mikko J. Nissi (1*) 1Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland §Shared authorship *Corresponding author Mikko J. Nissi Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Finland POB 1627 70211 Kuopio [email protected] +358-50-5955517 Keywords: Quantitative MRI, T1ρ relaxation, T1ρ dispersion, Compressed-sensing, radial acquisition. Included folders and files are: - Article_figures: all figures published in the manuscript (.eps format) - Data: MRI data files from 27 human cadaver samples with subfolders and files: - Human samples data: raw data files, along with generic analysis ROIs, zone divison inside specific samples folder, and within the parameter related data folder there are smaple specific analysis ROIs, computed profiles per spin lock amplitude. - CS reconstructed data files: - DataTables_used_for_analysis: Contains data tables per AF and reference data used for data analysis - Scripts: Matlab functions used for data processing and T1ρ computation, aedes plugins, and data analysis with subfolders and files: - Aedes_plugins: Plugins for aedes (http://aedes.uef.fi) for calculation of profiles from ROI. - Data analysis: Key scripts used for analysis and plotting. - Common functions: Some common functions that are required by the scripts/plugins. - README.txt: this file describing the contents of the dataset. See more info in separate readme files included in sub-folders. (Swetha Pala, 02 July 2024
Using flux balance analysis to predict methyl-mercury production by sulfate reducing bacteria
No full textMercury (Hg) is a heavy liquid metal with high volatility. Elemental mercury can be transported around the globe and cause environmental and health problems. The primary anthropogenic sources of Hg in our atmosphere are from mining and burning fossil fuels. When Hg from the atmosphere gets deposited on the earth's surface, microorganisms biotransform it into methylmercury. Methylmercury (Me-Hg) is a potent neurotoxin and can bioaccumulate through aquatic food chains. A simulation model that can predict Me-Hg production by microorganisms could improve quantification and potentially aid in developing management strategies. Me-Hg production is carried out by anaerobic microorganisms and the production rate depends on the molecule bound to Hg. Hence working with Hg is challenging and measuring production rates is time consuming and requires the use of sophisticated equipment. Studies have shown that sulfate-reducing bacteria are major contributors in the production of Me-Hg. The sulfate-reducing microorganism Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND 132 was used to study the rates of Me Hg when exposed to different Hg (II) concentrations. ND 132 is an organism with a hypothesized metabolic pathway for Hg methylation, and it was used to determine Hg methylation kinetics. Based on lab studies with pure cultures of ND 132, a flux balance, a mathematical approach for analyzing the flow of metabolites through a metabolic network, was developed. The resulting simulation model attempts to predict Hg methylation rates for pure culture samples and Me-Hg concentrations for environmental samples. This simplified simulation model could help with rapid quantification and hence faster management and remediation of harmful mercury emissions and depositions.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Swetha Kumar Kasett
Player performance anxiety analysis and visualization in tennis
No full textPsychological factors like anxiety could be one of the defining factors in impacting the performance of a sports person. Trying to understand how the person responds to various situations in the game would provide valuable information to the opponent. Opponent can play by the tactics to put the first player under pressure. In order to study this psychological advantage, a Tennis game has been chosen and some defining factors have been considered. Sports Performance Anxiety Analysis is done by the calculation of important factors throughout the course of the match. This calculation contributes to the success or failure of a player in the context of winning the game, set or a match. Factors are uncertainty, anticipation and threat [1]. Based on these factors the composite anxiety is calculated which in-turn gives the chance of winning or losing a match for the player. Once the anxiety levels are calculated, visualizations are drawn for these factors versus the player respectively. Hence, we can see various stages of the match where the competitor or the opponent is in lead and their critical situation can be analyzed. Psychological theories show that these visualizations help in analyzing the match scenarios such that the viewers can understand the position and the psychological state of the individual at a point. To scrape the data and illustrate the visualizations that improve to understand the current state of an instance during a tennis match various tools, libraries, and modules have been used in Python
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Karyometry Identifies A Deviant Phenotype In The Fallopian Tube Epithelium Of Postpartum Subjects And Subject At High Risk Of Ovarian Cancer
No full textWith the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic cancers, ovarian cancer is a
deadly reproductive malignancy among women. Previous studies have identified the
fallopian tube epithelium to be the site of origin for high grade serous ovarian
carcinoma. Survival is high when the cancer is discovered while it is still localized to the
site of origin, but it is rarely detected that early due to the late manifestation of
symptoms and ineffectiveness of current screening methods. Karyometry is a
quantitative histopathology technique that detects chromatin abnormalities at the
nuclear level using imaging analysis. This study investigates whether karyometry can
detect nuclear abnormalities of fallopian tube epithelium in women carrying the BRCA1
or BRCA2 mutation versus the fallopian tube epithelium of women who are at normal
risk of developing ovarian cancer. Fallopian tube tissue from 11 women who were at
normal risk, 13 women who carried the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, and 13 postpartum
women was analyzed using karyometry. There was a distinct deviation in mean nuclear
signatures between the normal and high risk groups and between the normal and
postpartum groups. In this preliminary analysis, karyometry detected nuclear
abnormalities in the fallopian tube epithelium of high risk women
Polyhedral optimizations of RNA-RNA interaction computations
No full text2017 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.Studying RNA-RNA interaction has led to major successes in the treatment of some cancers, including colon, breast and pancreatic cancer by suppressing the gene expression involved in the development of these diseases. The problem with such programs is that they are computationally and memory intensive: O(N4) space and O(N6) time complexity. Moreover, the entire application is complicated, and involves many mutually recursive data variables. We address the problem of speeding up a surrogate kernel (named OSPSQ) that captures the main dependence pattern found in two widely used RNA-RNA interaction applications IRIS and piRNA. The structure of the OSPSQ kernel perfectly fits the constraints of the polyhedral model, a well-developed technology for optimizing codes that belong to many specialized domains. However, the current state-of-the-art automatic polyhedral tools do not significantly improve the performance of the baseline implementation of OSPSQ. With simple techniques like loop permutation and skewing, we achieve an average of 17x sequential and 31x parallel speedup on a standard modern multi-core platform (Intel Broadwell, E5-1650v4). This performance represents 75% and 88% of attainable single-core and multi-core L1 bandwidth. For further performance improvement, we describe how to tile all six dimensions and also formulate the associated memory trade-off. In the future, we plan to implement these tiling strategies, explore the performance of the code for various tile sizes and optimize the whole piRNA application
High pressure assisted infusion of phytochemical antioxidants into fruits: influence of process parameters and mechanistic insights
No full textHigh hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing has been shown to infuse small size molecules into food materials much faster than does osmosis-based transport. The accepted mechanism is that HHP permeabilizes cells which increases the mass diffusivity of the food matrix. Hence, infusion is enhanced when foods are treated under high pressure. In this study we investigated, using a model system, HHP driven infusion of quercetin into cranberries. The main objectives of the study were to test whether enhanced infusion of quercetin can be achieved using HHP and to test whether the commonly accepted mechanism of cell permeabilization is operative in this model system. Two systems were used in this study - fresh cranberries, cells of which are intact and frozen-thawed cranberries, cells of which get permeabilized during freeze-thawing process. Under HHP, infusion of quercetin was enhanced, compared to infusion at ambient conditions (control), in both fresh and frozen-thawed cranberries. While the amount of quercetin infused under pressure was 3-5 times that in control, it was independent of the applied pressure in a broad range (5-551 MPa). Low pressure of 5 MPa was sufficient to cause enhanced infusion in frozen-thawed cranberries. Furthermore, pressure cycling treatment (2 cycles and 5 cycles) significantly increased the amount of quercetin infused. Unlike other studies, no additional cell permeabilization was observed in frozen-thawed cranberries after HHP, although amount infused was higher. This result suggested that the commonly accepted mechanism of cell permeabilization may not be the only cause of enhanced infusion. Additionally, while both fresh and frozen-thawed cranberries showed similar cell-membrane permeability after HHP, fresh cranberries had about two times greater amount of infused-quercetin than in frozen-thawed cranberries after HHP. If cell-membrane rupture were the only mechanism of infusion, then the amount infused into both, fresh and frozen-thawed cranberries, should have been equal. These results suggest that HHP infusion is not just cell-permeabilization based but may be caused by pressure driven flow (Darcy flow in porous media). Understanding the actual mechanisms of transport under pressure may enable to develop process guidelines that will help the food industry to develop value-added foods.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Swetha Mahadeva
Detection of healthy and diseased crops in drone captured images using Deep Learning
No full textMonitoring plant health is crucial for maintaining agricultural productivity
and food safety. Disruptions in the plant's normal state, caused by diseases,
often interfere with essential plant activities, and timely detection of these
diseases can significantly mitigate crop loss. In this study, we propose a deep
learning-based approach for efficient detection of plant diseases using
drone-captured imagery. A comprehensive database of various plant species,
exhibiting numerous diseases, was compiled from the Internet and utilized as
the training and test dataset. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), renowned
for its performance in image classification tasks, was employed as our primary
predictive model. The CNN model, trained on this rich dataset, demonstrated
superior proficiency in crop disease categorization and detection, even under
challenging imaging conditions. For field implementation, we deployed a
prototype drone model equipped with a high-resolution camera for live
monitoring of extensive agricultural fields. The captured images served as the
input for our trained model, enabling real-time identification of healthy and
diseased plants. Our approach promises an efficient and scalable solution for
improving crop health monitoring systems
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