63 research outputs found
Molecular cloning and functional studies of silicon-responsive serine-rich protein transcripts from mangrove plant, rhizophora apiculata (Blume)
No full textSilicon (Si) is one of the most plentiful elements found in the soil. Silicon plays an important role in decreasing susceptibility of plants against variety of different biotic and abiotic stresses. Mangrove plant (Rhizophora
apiculata) is able to accumulate, and process Si to generate biosilica. Therefore, it would be a beneficial source for genetic manipulation of susceptible plants in the stress conditions. The objectives of the study were (i) to identify and characterize of a Si responsive gene in mangrove,(ii) to analyze the expression levels of a gene encoding serine-rich protein, and (iii) Functional studies of serine-rich protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. Three different methods and RNeasy plant mini kit were used to extract nucleic acids. The Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) technique was used to remove transcripts from proteins which were not involved in
Si accumulation. Specific primer was designed to get full-length CDS of serine-rich protein. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR were performed to examine its expression level under the control and treatment conditions. The Gateway Technology was used to construct entry and the
expression vectors. Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana with serine-rich protein gene was performed using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation by the floral-dip method. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high
performance liquid chromatography were used to measure the quantity of Si and serine amino acid, respectively. Modified CTAB and SDS were quick and reliable methods for isolation of total RNA from the roots and leaves of mangrove, respectively. Of the sequences obtained from cDNA
library, four were 97% similar to serine-rich protein gene of groundnut(Arachis hypogaea). Full-length of the serine-rich protein cDNA obtained through amplification of the cDNA template using specific primers. The expression levels of serine-rich protein transcript were generally higher in
the Si treated mangrove plants than untreated plants. The amount of serine amino acid of transgenic Arabidopsis has increased significantly from 1.02 mg g-1 in wild-type plants to 37.76 mg g-1. In addition, concentration of Si in the leaves and roots of transgenic plant was significantly higher than that in the wild type (P<0.01). This study
successfully determined the Si responsive transcript related to serine-rich protein in mangrove plant (R. apiculata)
Application of silicon in plant tissue culture
No full textSilicon (Si) is one of the most plentiful mineral elements in soil. It is a macroelement involved in the responses of plants to a variety of abiotic stresses. The culture medium composition, particularly the mineral nutrients, greatly impacts the growth as well as the morphogenesis of in vitro plant cultures. Numerous morphological and physiological disorders including hyperhydricity, upwardly curled leaves, shoot tip necrosis, and fasciation are often related to inorganic nutrient imbalances of the tissue culture medium. Silicon has been reported to improve many growth parameters including embryogenesis and organogenesis, as well as leaf morphology, physiology, and anatomy. Silicon decreases the susceptibility of plants to salinity and low temperature, alleviates metal toxicity, lessens the incidence of hyperhydricity, and avoids oxidative phenolic browning in various plants. Overall, the evidence indicates a positive role for Si in improving various aspects of plant tissue culture, including micro-propagation, organogenesis, cryopreservation, somatic embryogenesis, and secondary metabolite production
An in silico approach for characterization of encoded protein from Rdr1, a black spot resistance gene in Rosa multiflora
No full textGenetic analysis of rust resistance genes in global wheat cultivars: an overview
No full textRust is the most devastating fungal disease in wheat. Three rust diseases, namely, leaf or brown rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks, stem or black rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici West, and stripe or yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. Tritici Eriks, are the most economically significant and common diseases among global wheat cultivars. Growing cultivars resistant to rust is the most sustainable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for controlling rust diseases. To date, more than 187 rust resistance genes (80 leaf rust, 58 stem rust and 49 stripe rust) have been derived from diverse wheat or durum wheat cultivars and the related wild species using different molecular methods. This review provides a detailed discussion of the different aspects of rust resistance genes, their primitive sources, their distribution in global wheat cultivars and the importance of durable resistant varieties for controlling rust diseases. This information will serve as a foundation for plant breeders and geneticists to develop durable rust-resistant wheat varieties through marker-assisted breeding or gene pyramiding
An enigma in the genetic responses of plants to salt stresses
No full textSoil salinity is one of the main factors restricting crop production throughout the world. Various salt tolerance traits and the genes controlling these traits are responsible for coping with salinity stress in plants. These coping mechanisms include osmotic tolerance, ion exclusion, and tissue tolerance. Plants exposed to salinity stress sense the stress conditions, convey specific stimuli signals, and initiate responses against stress through the activation of tolerance mechanisms that include multiple genes and pathways. Advances in our understanding of the genetic responses of plants to salinity and their connections with yield improvement are essential for attaining sustainable agriculture. Although a wide range of studies have been conducted that demonstrate genetic variations in response to salinity stress, numerous questions need to be answered to fully understand plant tolerance to salt stress. This chapter provides an overview of previous studies on the genetic control of salinity stress in plants, including signaling, tolerance mechanisms, and the genes, pathways, and epigenetic regulators necessary for plant salinity tolerance
TILLING, high-resolution melting (HRM), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques in plant mutation breeding
No full textInduced mutations have been used effectively for plant improvement. Physical and chemical mutagens induce a high frequency of genome variation. Recently, developed screening methods have allowed the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the identification of traits that are difficult to identify at the molecular level by conventional breeding. With the assistance of reverse genetic techniques, sequence variation information can be linked to traits to investigate gene function. Targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) is a high-throughput technique to identify single nucleotide mutations in a specific region of a gene of interest with a powerful detection method resulted from chemical-induced mutagenesis. The main advantage of TILLING as a reverse genetics strategy is that it can be applied to any species, regardless of genome size and ploidy level. However, TILLING requires laborious and time-consuming steps, and a lack of complete genome sequence information for many crop species has slowed the development of suitable TILLING targets. Another method, high-resolution melting (HRM), which has assisted TILLING in mutation detection, is faster, simpler and less expensive with non-enzymatic screening system. Currently, the sequencing of crop genomes has completely changed our vision and interpretation of genome organization and evolution. Impressive progress in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has paved the way for the detection and exploitation of genetic variation in a given DNA or RNA molecule. This review discusses the applications of TILLING in combination with HRM and NGS technologies for screening of induced mutations and discovering SNPs in mutation breeding programs
Suppression subtractive hybridization technique in wheat for the identification of disease resistance differentially expressed genes
No full textA resistant variety with high yielding potential is key for increasing crop production to fulfill the food requirement of the ever increasing world populations. Consequently, the aim of plant breeders is to develop high yielding varieties or cultivars that are resistant or tolerant to specific diseases or insects. For developing a resistant variety, it is enormously indispensable to incorporate or introgress the specific resistant genes of that particular disease into the recipient. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) is a powerful technique for the identification of disease specific differentially expressed genes that are expressed in a resistant or susceptible variety. This paper presents a brief review on the SSH technique with examples focusing on the identification of the wheat disease specific differentially expressed genes and their defense mechanisms against fungal pathogens in global wheat cultivars. This review is helpful for wheat researchers for the updated information on the SSH technique for the identification of differentially expressed genes in the global wheat cultivars and varieties. Eventually, the identified genes could be used to develop the disease resistance variety through marker-assisted backcrossing programme or conventional breeding
Phenotypic and molecular effects of chronic gamma irradiation on Curcuma alismatifolia
No full textMutation breeding is one of the methods for generating genetic variation and obtaining new cultivars of ornamental plants during the past decades. In present study, the effects of four doses (0, 14.6, 33, and 87.4 Gy) of chronic gamma irradiation on three cultivars of Curcuma alismatifolia and one Curcuma hybrid were investigated. Morphological aberrations from non-treated plants were observed by exposing growing plants. Higher doses induced phenotypical variations and significantly affected the plant growth parameters and flowering capacity. In terms of genetic variation, among the irradiated cultivars, the number of presumed alleles revealed by SSR analysis ranged from two to five with a mean value of 3.1 to 3.7 alleles per locus for radiation doses. The average value of the effective number of alleles, Nei’s gene diversity, and Shannon’s information index were 2.42–2.66, 0.50–0.56, and 0.90–1.03, respectively. Heat map hierarchical clustering divided 52 studied individuals into four major clusters. Results of this study showed that chronic gamma irradiation efficiently can enhance the phenotypical and genetic variations in C. alismatifolia cultivars at doses of 33 Gy and 84.6 Gy. In addition, SSR markers will likely accelerate the progress of selection of desired mutants during mutation breeding programs
Data of the first de novo transcriptome assembly of the inflorescence of Curcuma alismatifolia
No full textCurcuma alismatifolia, is an Asian crop from Zingiberaceae family, popularly used as ornamental plant in floriculture industry of Thailand and Cambodia. Different varieties with a wide range of colors can be found in species. Until now, few breeding programs have been done on this species and most commercially important cultivars are hybrids that are propagated vegetatively. In spite of other flowering plants, there is still lack of transcriptomic-based data on the functions of genes related to flower color in C. alismatifolia. The raw data presented in this article provides information on new original transcriptome data of two cultivars of C. alismatifolia by Illumina Hiseq. 4000 RNA-Seq technology which is the first ever report about this plant. The data is accessible via European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) under project number PRJEB18956. Keywords: Curcuma alismatifolia, De novo, Illumina, RNA-Seq, Transcriptome assembl
Molecular Evolution and Genetic Diversity of Oil Palm Based on Sequencing and Analysis with Molecular Markers
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